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Republic Day

Tokayev Awards Entrepreneurs and Workers as Kazakhstan Marks Republic Day

As previously reported by The Times of Central Asia, Kazakhstan recently celebrated Republic Day. On this day 35 years ago, the country adopted the Declaration of Sovereignty, and in December 1991, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics disappeared from the world map. However, the state continues some Soviet traditions, including hosting events on the eve of public holidays. Grand concerts and lavish receptions are held with the participation of artists of various genres, and state awards are given to workers, farmers, and public sector employees. One of the innovations of the new era is the awarding of prizes to well-known businesspeople, which would have been unthinkable under the communist era. On the eve of Republic Day, the head of Kazakhstan issued a decree honoring citizens who have made a significant contribution to the economic, cultural, and social development of the nation. Among them are many people well-known in the country, such as Shukhrat Ibragimov, who holds the position of CEO and Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Eurasian Resources Group; Vyacheslav Kim, who heads the board of directors of Kaspi; Tursengali Alaguzov, head of GALANZ Bottlers; Daniyar Abulgazin, investor and co-founder of the Qazaq Oil and SinoOil gas station chains; and Nurlan Smagulov, founder of Astana Group, which includes companies such as Astana Motors and the MEGA shopping and entertainment complexes. Among the award winners were also Armanzhan Baitasov, the publisher of Forbes Kazakhstan; Farrukh Makhmudov, founder of the Orbis Kazakhstan; Kenes Rakishev, head of Fincraft Group; Oleg Novachuk, acting chairman of the board of directors of KAZ Minerals Ltd; Alexander Chukreev, an entrepreneur known for his beverage brands; and Saule Zhakayeva, chair of the board of Citibank Kazakhstan. This routine procedure sends a signal to the business community that the state encourages successful businesses that bear the burden of social responsibility. Many of the award winners helped the country during the severe floods of 2024, when tens of thousands of people were left homeless, and are building museums, schools, and public buildings at their own expense. In addition to businesspeople, this year, which Tokayev has declared the Year of Working Professions, was marked on the eve of Republic Day with state awards for 138 representatives of working dynasties, around 500 workers and laborers in industry, transport, construction, agriculture, and other sectors, about 200 representatives of small and medium-sized businesses, more than 130 teachers and scientists, over 100 medical workers and other citizens who have made a personal contribution to the development of the country through their daily work.

Sports

Future Chelsea Player Satpaev Seals Second Consecutive Title for Kairat

Almaty's Kairat Football Club has secured its second consecutive Kazakhstan Premier League (KPL) championship. The decisive goal in the final match was scored by Kazakhstan national team striker Dastan Satpaev, currently on contract with London’s Chelsea. Last year, Kairat won the national championship for the fourth time in its history. This summer, the club qualified for the UEFA Champions’ League group stage for the first time, intensifying pressure on the team as it competed simultaneously in both domestic and European tournaments. Entering the final round, Kairat held a narrow two-point lead over its closest challenger, FC Astana. Fittingly, the season concluded with a high-stakes home match against the capital’s team. The match took place on Sunday, October 26. Despite Kairat’s territorial dominance, Astana struck first, 38-year-old midfielder Marin Tomasov scored in the 15th minute with a well-placed shot from the penalty area. The visitors threatened further, but Kairat goalkeeper Temirlan Anarbekov delivered several crucial saves to keep the deficit at one. In the second half, Satpaev, who will join Chelsea after he turns 18, scored the equalizer, making it 1-1. The draw was enough to keep Kairat ahead in the standings, two points clear of Astana, and clinch the club’s fifth national title. Tomasov nearly scored a second goal during stoppage time, but his shot struck the crossbar. With this result, Kairat became only the seventh club in KPL history to successfully defend its title. The league’s record for consecutive championships belongs to Astana, who won six straight from 2014 to 2019. Aktobe followed with a three-peat (2007–2009), while Yelimay (1994-1995), Zhenis (2000-2001), Irtysh (2002-2003), and Shakhtar Karagandy (2011-2012) each managed two. Between 2020 and 2024, no team had retained the championship, until now. “There were certainly difficulties during the season, primarily the struggle on several fronts,” said Kairat head coach Rafael Urazbakhtin after the match. He noted that frequent squad rotation, a demanding schedule, and long-distance travel forced the coaching staff to carefully manage the squad’s physical condition. “Over time, the team adapted to the rhythm of two or three matches a week. Endurance and teamwork became key factors,” he added. Kairat’s attention now shifts back to the Champions League, where the club sits in last place in its group with one point from three matches. The next fixture is on November 5 in Milan against second-placed Inter. As previously reported by The Times of Central Asia, Kairat’s Champions League breakthrough was made possible in part by Anarbekov’s standout performance in a penalty shootout victory over Scotland’s Celtic.

TCA Interviews

“Music Is Born in Pain”: Kazakh Composer Robert Ziganshin on Inspiration, Integrity, and Creative Freedom

Robert Ziganshin is one of Kazakhstan’s most in-demand film composers. A graduate of the Lyon Conservatory in France, where he studied classical guitar and earned master’s degrees in both music for the visual arts and musicology, he returned home to rapidly establish himself in the country's film and television industry. Ziganshin’s credits include music for popular TV series and films such as Alisher Utev’s crime drama 5:32 (IMDB), the box office hit Kazakh Business in Brazil, and Malika, a feature film by Russian director Natalya Uvarova about a family of Ingush migrants. In an interview with The Times of Central Asia, Ziganshin spoke about the influence of the French school, the ethics of film composition, and why writing music “that simply comments on the action” can mean sacrificing artistic integrity. TCA: Robert, you graduated from KIMEP in Kazakhstan. How did you end up in France? Ziganshin: I’ve been passionate about music since early childhood. Even when I was playing with building blocks, I was always humming something, as if adding a soundtrack to my own stories. I didn’t get into music school, and it wasn’t until I was fifteen that I started taking private guitar lessons. There were times I practiced six hours a day. There was no higher education in classical guitar in Kazakhstan at the time, so I enrolled at KIMEP. After graduating, I applied to two conservatories in France and was accepted to the one in Lyon. TCA: Why France? Ziganshin: I spoke fluent French. My father had sent me to language school, and I took part in competitions. Later, a professor from Lyon gave a master class in Almaty, and I helped translate for him. He assessed my level and encouraged me to apply to his course. TCA: Was tuition really that affordable? Ziganshin: For foreign students, it was about €900 per year, including health insurance. Compared to the UK, it was a bargain. I spent four years there and earned a bachelor’s degree. TCA: How did you shift into composing for film? Ziganshin: I met students from the program Musique appliquée aux arts visuels, music created for film, theater, performance, and media art. I wanted to try it. The entrance exam was creative: we had to score scenes and compose music for a three-minute video in a week. I got in on my second try, only twelve of us were accepted. It was a two-year program, starting with orchestration and sound engineering, then moving into practical work on student film projects. TCA: What was the subject of your master’s thesis? Ziganshin: When should a composer start work on a film? Personally, I prefer being involved from the script stage. After finishing that degree, I also enrolled in a master’s in musicology. In 2021, I returned to Kazakhstan. I struggled to find paid work in music and almost joined my father’s printing business. I even started hand-making notebooks, neat and beautiful ones. But soon, small offers started coming in, and I returned to composing full-time, initially...

Literature

Kazakhstan Highlights Its Literary Heritage at the 2025 Frankfurt Book Fair

From October 15 to 19, Kazakhstan took part in the 2025 Frankfurter Buchmesse in Germany – one of the world’s most prominent and influential international book fairs. At its national stand, the country presented a diverse selection of new publications from leading Kazakh publishers to a global readership. Celebrating its 77th edition, this year’s Frankfurt Book Fair featured more than 30 delegates from Kazakhstan, from major publishing houses such as Mektep, Almatykitap, Atamura, ARMAN-PV, Steppe & World Publishing, Evero, Kazformoms, and AmalBooks. [caption id="attachment_38141" align="aligncenter" width="351"] @TCA[/caption] The national pavilion became an important hub for expanding international publishing partnerships. Approximately 350 Kazakh titles were showcased, spanning a wide range of genres from literary fiction and scholarly works to educational and children’s books. Book Presentations and Highlights Several notable book launches took place during the fair. Of particular interest was the multilingual edition Abai’s “Words of Wisdom: Legacy for Generations”, translated into seven languages and presented with the participation of German writer Anja Tuckermann. Another major highlight was a creative presentation of Mirzhakyp Dulatov’s timeless novel “Unfortunate Jamal”, regarded as one of the classics of Kazakh literature. [caption id="attachment_38142" align="aligncenter" width="224"] @TCA[/caption] The Consul General of Kazakhstan in Frankfurt am Main, Tauboldy Umbetbayev, visited the national pavilion to show support for the Kazakh delegation and to emphasize literature’s vital role in promoting cultural diplomacy. Throughout the fair, publishers from Canada, China, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Denmark, Germany, Singapore, and several other countries met with Kazakh representatives to discuss potential collaborations.

Archaeology

Dinosaur Fossils Unearthed in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan Illuminate Central Asia’s Prehistoric Past

Rare dinosaur remains estimated to be around 75 million years old have been uncovered in Uzbekistan’s Karakalpakstan region, according to the State Geological Museum. The discovery adds to a growing body of paleontological evidence shedding light on Central Asia’s ancient ecosystems. On October 12, Akhmadjon Akhmedshaev, Director of the State Geological Museum, visited the excavation site near the Khodzhakul foothills in the Sultan Uvays mountain range, where the “Uzbek Geologiya Qidiruv” expedition had uncovered fossilized dinosaur bones during a geological survey. Found at a depth of approximately three meters, the remains are believed to belong to a large dinosaur from the Cretaceous period, dating back roughly 65-75 million years. The fossils include fragments of vertebrae, ribs, and leg bones, all remarkably well preserved. Scientists believe the find could offer valuable insights into the types of dinosaurs that once inhabited what is now western Uzbekistan. The region is thought to have been a humid, coastal environment during the late Cretaceous. The fossils are currently undergoing analysis at the State Geological Museum to determine their species and any potential connections to previously identified dinosaurs from Central Asia. Meanwhile, paleontologists from St. Petersburg State University have announced a second significant find, this time in Tajikistan. Researchers uncovered a well-preserved fragment of a duck-billed dinosaur skull. According to spbdnevnik.ru, the fossil’s exceptional condition may enable scientists to accurately identify the species and potentially describe a new genus. Comparative analysis is now underway with fossil collections from other countries to trace its evolutionary lineage.

Cultural Heritage

From the Highlands to the Steppes: The Long Journey of the Bagpipe

On 28 July 2025, as the skirl of bagpipes echoed across the windswept greens of President Trump’s Turnberry golf resort, two world leaders met under the Scottish flag. U.K. Prime Minister Keir Starmer and U.S. President Donald Trump gathered for “wide-ranging talks” on trade and global conflicts — yet it was the sound of a Scottish pipe band that first captured attention. For President Trump, whose mother was born in the Outer Hebrides, the music carried a personal resonance. The bagpipe, long a symbol of Scotland’s spirit, continues to speak across generations and continents — from clan gatherings and state ceremonies to moments of diplomacy. Its sound is unmistakably Scottish: bold, mournful, and proud. Yet across the ancient world, far beyond the Highlands, other peoples once drew the same haunting tones from leather and reed — among them the nomads of what is now Kazakhstan. Echoes from the East Centuries before the first Highland marches, nomadic Turkic peoples were playing an instrument remarkably similar in design — the zhelbuaz. Crafted from goat or sheepskin and fitted with two or more reed pipes, it produced the same soulful harmony that defines the modern bagpipe. When filled with air and played from horseback or during ceremonies, it created a sound that was at once haunting and powerful, much like the music that still moves crowds today. As the people of the Central Asian steppes were largely nomadic for most of their history, there is scant hard evidence. However, early scholars described the zhelbuaz (or mes-syrnai) as an ancient wind instrument made from a single piece of animal skin or stomach. Al-Farabi wrote of a “wineskin flute” among the Turkic tribes, and the Chinese traveler Wen Sun, visiting the Orkhon region in the 7th century, reportedly recorded a Turk playing a "leather instrument with two pipes, whose sound deepens the sadness of the mourners.” The Journey Westward Over centuries, the idea of the air-filled reed instrument migrated westward — first through trade and migration, and then through cultural contact. Variants appeared in Eastern Europe: the duda in Poland, the tulum in Azerbaijan, and the musette in France. Linguists note that modern terms such as duu (meaning “song” in Mongolian) and düdük (meaning “whistle” in Turkish) suggest a shared onomatopoetic pattern for wind instruments and vocal sound across Eurasia, hinting at, though not proving, a linguistic thread connecting these distant traditions. But it was in Scotland that the instrument found its fullest voice. There, in the hands of Highland clans, it became more than music — it became identity. The Great Highland Bagpipe emerged as a call to arms, a hymn of remembrance, and a symbol of a people’s endurance. Its power lies not just in its sound, but in what it represents: honor, courage, and belonging. [caption id="attachment_38114" align="aligncenter" width="960"] Image: Ykhlas Museum of Folk Musical Instruments[/caption] The Zhelbuaz Remembered In Kazakhstan, the zhelbuaz gradually disappeared from everyday life, its haunting voice surviving only in oral memory and museum collections. Today, musician Abzal...