The Income Gap Between Rich and Poor Kazakhs Is Widening

Analysts at Ranking.kz note that the income gap in Kazakhstan has remained consistently high in recent years. According to the National Statistics Bureau (NSB), from 2019 to 2023, the incomes of the poorest 10% and the wealthiest 10% of Kazakhstani citizens differed by an average factor of 5.9 to 6. In 2024, the gap reached a record high of 6.2 times. Who Are the Poor and Who Are the Rich? The NSB divides the population into ten equal income groups, or deciles. Formally, not only the bottom 10% can be classified as poor, but also the four adjacent deciles. Their average per capita income does not even reach the minimum monthly wage of 85,000 KZT ($157). Collectively, this bottom half of the population receives only 30.2% of the country’s total income. At the other end of the spectrum, the wealthiest 10% account for 24.1% of total income. This group includes individuals with monthly incomes ranging from 181,300 KZT ($336) to 1.6 million KZT ($2,963). However, this wide income range also includes many middle-class earners. Only a small fraction are truly wealthy. Salaried Employees: Who Earns What Among salaried employees (excluding the self-employed and those working in small businesses), income disparities remain stark. In 2024: 3.3% of employees (112,100 people) earned over 1 million KZT ($1,852) per month. 6.1% (210,600 people) earned less than 100,000 KZT ($185). The largest share of employees fell into the following income brackets: 100,000-200,000 KZT ($185-370) - 23.9% 200,000-300,000 KZT ($370-555) - 23.2% High salaries are more prevalent in sectors with higher nominal wages: Finance and insurance - 13.9% of employees earned over 1 million KZT Information and communications - 12.6% Professional, scientific, and technical fields - 10.1% Among civil servants, only 0.7% earn this amount. Meanwhile, low-wage earners (earning under 100,000 KZT) are most concentrated in: Administrative and support services - 18.4% Agriculture - 12.2% Across most industries, the most common salary level is between 200,000 and 400,000 KZT ($370-740). Regional Disparities Unsurprisingly, the highest concentration of “salary millionaires” is found in Kazakhstan’s oil-producing regions: Mangistau - 14.5% Atyrau - 11.5% In major cities, the numbers are more modest: Almaty - 6% Astana - 4.8% The regions with the lowest share of low-paid workers (earning under 100,000 KZT) are: Turkestan - 11.1% North Kazakhstan - 10.3% Zhambyl - 10% However, the Turkestan region remains one of the most economically vulnerable: in the first quarter of 2025, 8.1% of its population lived below the subsistence level, compared to the national average of 4.5%. More than 175,000 families survive on an income of just 52,500 KZT ($97) per person. Spending Patterns: Common Ground and Divergence Income inequality is also reflected in spending patterns. Despite the income gap, both poor and relatively affluent citizens spend a disproportionate share of their budgets on food. The lowest-income group spends 60.6% on food, while the wealthiest decile still spends 51.7%. For comparison, in developed European countries, the average is just 8-12%. However, differences become clearer in other spending categories. Wealthier citizens...

Rising Cost of Private Education in Central Asia Widens Wealth Gap

The cost of private education in Central Asia continues to rise sharply, increasingly making it an option reserved for the region’s wealthiest families, according to a report by Akchabar. Once a rarity, private schools have proliferated across the region over the past decade, driven by parental demand for smaller class sizes, enhanced discipline, improved safety, and individualized learning. Many institutions now offer full-day programs that include lessons, supervised homework, and extracurricular activities ranging from robotics and IT to sports and languages. In cases of academic decline, private tutors are assigned to help students catch up, services rarely available in the public sector. Kyrgyzstan The number of private schools in Kyrgyzstan has risen from 152 in 2020 to 224 in 2024. Annual fees vary widely: Smart School charges approximately $2,861 per year, while Indigo Sapat starts at $4,500. Tensai International School costs up to $9,600 annually, and BIS ranks among the most expensive at $15,000. More affordable options include Avenir International, with monthly fees between $423 and $480. To address overcrowding in public schools, particularly in Bishkek and Osh, the government has begun easing licensing procedures for private institutions. Kazakhstan In Almaty, tuition rates also span a wide range. Baiterek School charges $274 per month, while Koula.kz costs $443. Tamos Space School offers an annual program for nearly $4,900. Premium institutions such as Miras International School Almaty charge between $9,600 and $12,927 per year, while Galaxy International starts at $8,319. Uzbekistan Uzbekistan’s private education market is expanding rapidly. Artel TS charges $358 per month, while Diplomat International reaches up to $628. Wise School costs $437 per month, and Oxbridge International remains among the most affordable at $752 per year for primary classes. At the top end, CIS Tashkent stands as the region’s most expensive school, with tuition ranging from $19,000 to over $24,000 annually. Tajikistan Private school fees are particularly high relative to average incomes. At Empire of Knowledge, annual tuition starts at $2,362 for lower grades and rises to $2,545 for upper grades. Ruyo School offers separate programs: English-language instruction costs $2,899 per year, while the Russian-language track is around $2,577. Meanwhile, Shakhsiyat School charges approximately $1,610 annually for Tajik- or Russian-language instruction, and nearly $1,933 for the English-language track. A Growing Divide Despite the range of offerings, private school costs remain out of reach for most families. In Uzbekistan, where the average monthly wage is about $476, even mid-tier private schools amount to several months of income, while top schools charge more than $20,000 per year. In Tajikistan, where average monthly wages stand at around $279, tuition starting at $1,600 is unaffordable for the vast majority of households. For wealthier families, however, private education has become both an investment and a marker of social status, with the choice of school often carrying as much weight as profession or income.