Kazakhstan - The Times Of Central Asia

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Almaty Woman Protests Banning Of Women’s Rights March

Almaty resident Liya Bergen recently made a lone protest on the city’s Republic Square to demand that the authorities approve an event for women’s rights. The event is planned for International Women’s Day on March 8, but the Almaty Akimat, headed by Yerbolat Dosayev, has refused to allow it to take place. Ms Bergen held a placard written in Kazakh bearing the words: "Dosayev, don't spoil the tradition, allow the march!" She later explained that she was taking action for justice and equality, as well as reminding the city of the struggles that Kazakh women still face for their rights and dignity.

Kazakhstan Urges EEU Countries To Develop Transport Infrastructure

The Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) is located at the crossroads of east and west, north and south, which has always been a competitive advantage for the region, Kazakhstan’s prime minister Alikhan Smailov commented at a meeting between the heads of government of the EEU member countries in Almaty on February 2nd. The Russian-led economic bloc also includes Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan. "Kazakhstan attaches special importance to the development of transit and transportation infrastructure. Over the past 15 years our country has allocated more than $35bn for this purpose. A logistics center in Lianyungang, a dry port of Khorgos, a transit highway Western Europe - Western China, a railway corridor from China to Iran have been launched. Modernization of Caspian Sea ports Kuryk and Aktau has been carried out," Smailov said, adding that the construction of Kazakhstan's terminal in Chinese Xi'an had been launched. Together with Russian, Turkmen, Indian and Iranian partners, work is being carried out on the eastern route of the North-South corridor. "We consider it important to further increase the capacity of international corridors, logistics terminals and checkpoints of our countries. I invite all EEU countries to implement joint projects to develop transit and transportation infrastructure," the Kazakh prime minister said. This year marks the 10th anniversary of the signing of the EEU Treaty. Today the EEU has a population of 190 million people, a labor market of over 93 million people and a GDP of $2.7 trillion. Mutual trade between EEU member states doubled from 2015 to 2022 and has now reached $85bn.

Kazakhstan’s Economy Forecast To Grow By 5.3% In 2024

In 2023 Kazakhstan began to focus on sustainable development. Last year’s economic growth was 5.1%, and in 2024 the government forecasts growth of at least 5.3%, the website of the Kazakh prime minister reported on February 5th. All major economic sectors showed positive dynamics in 2023: construction grew by 13.3%, trade by 11.3%, information and communication services by 7.1%, transport services by 6.9%, and industry by 4.3%. Between January and September 2023 the volume of foreign direct investment amounted to $19.7bn, including more than $11bn to non-resource sectors. From January-November 2023 Kazakhstan’s foreign trade turnover increased by 2.2% and amounted to $126bn, with exports exceeding imports by $16bn. The country’s international reserves amounted to $96bn, including the assets of the National Fund that increased by $4bn to over $60bn. Last year inflation fell by more than half, to 9.8%. In 2024 the government’s target is to keep inflation in the range of 6-8%.

Understanding the Changes in the Kazakhstan Government

On February 5th, President Tokayev dismissed the country's government by signing a decree on its’ resignation. The move was expected following weeks of discontent expressed by the president. On an aggregate level, the country has had a successful 2023. Significant reforms were passed and Kazakhstan made substantial diplomatic gains. Economic growth was near 5%, and $13.3 billion in foreign investment was secured in the first six months of 2023. This was achieved despite supply chain disruptions brought on by the Russia-Ukraine war. However, Smailov’s and his cabinet have failed to reel in inflation and attract additional investments to the country. The Ministry of Finance of Kazakhstan, did not succeed in preparing a new Tax Code of Kazakhstan. The Minister of Emergency Situations is also under fire for its dysfunctional earthquake early warning systems which became known during a recent quake that scared Almaty residents. While certain ministers are anticipated to retain their positions, others are expected to be replaced. The Presidential Administration, along with Tokayev, have consistently shown their willingness to make bold decisions when required.

Kazakhstan’s Government Resigns Amidst Sweeping Reforms

President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev has dismissed the country's government by signing a decree on its’ resignation. According to the Constitution of Kazakhstan, First Deputy Prime Minister Roman Sklyar will temporarily perform the duties of Prime Minister (PM). At the same time, all other ministers will continue to work in the same mode until the head of state approves the composition of the new government. The resignation of former Prime Minister Alikhan Smailov's government underscores a shift in Kazakhstan's political scene. Smailov assumed office on January 11th, 2022, following public discontent that erupted into riots. During his tenure, many events transpired, but the most memorable for the population were serious problems with municipal heating in a number of regions; forest fires in the Kostanay and Abay regions; explosions at mines in the Karaganda region, and the earthquake in Almaty. All this evoked plenty of criticism regarding the composition of the government. While the precise reasons behind the resignation remain undisclosed, it serves to highlight the dynamic nature of politics in Kazakhstan. Further details, including the process of this transition and potential candidates for the roles vacated, are expected in the next two days following an extended meeting of the government with the participation of Tokayev. Prior to the government’s resignation, Tokayev had increasingly expressed dissatisfaction with progress in addressing socioeconomic issues and stagnation in general. Over the past two years, Tokayev has implemented sweeping reforms aimed at democratizing the country and breaking up economic monopolies. "In Kazakhstan and in general, a change of government is perceived as a crisis phenomenon, but it is by no means a crisis phenomenon here,” said Director of the Eurasian Monitoring Center, Alibek Tazhibayev. “One should proceed from the fact that the economic and political situation is changing. Therefore, we can say that this government, which acted under the leadership of Alikhan Smailov for more than two years, coped with their key tasks. They had the main goal of passing deep-rooted reforms, holding a referendum, launching the mechanism of democratization, and implementing the concept of a 'Listening State'." In a post on his Facebook account, Smailov expressed his "gratitude to President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev for his trust in heading the Kazakh government in such a difficult time. These two years were a turning point for the society," he stated.

Central Asia’s Mineral Wealth Can Help the West Unlock a Greener Future

Critical minerals are essential components in many of today’s rapidly growing energy technologies. From lithium in electric vehicle batteries, to copper used in wind turbines and electricity networks, these minerals are at the heart of the green transition. The demand for these minerals will increase as clean-energy technologies continue to develop and become even more widely adopted. The International Energy Agency (IEA) forecasts a significant uptick in mineral requirements for clean energy technologies. According to its Sustainable Development Scenario (SDS), the world’s total mineral demand could quadruple by 2040. Electric vehicles and battery storage are expected to account for about half of this growth over the next two decades. A few major producers dominate the global market Problematically, the global market for critical minerals is dominated by just a few key players. China controls a significant portion of overall worldwide production, not to mention 85% of the processing capacity needed to refine these minerals for manufacturing purposes. China’s dominance extends to lithium, graphite, rare earth elements and cobalt, which are all essential for clean energy technologies. Russia also holds considerable weight in the resource-extraction sector. For example, it controls 43% of the palladium market and a quarter of vanadium production. These minerals have wide-ranging applications, with palladium used in catalytic converters and vanadium in batteries. The United States is heavily reliant on mineral imports from China. This dependence poses significant economic and security risks as any supply-chain disruption could have far-reaching impacts. As a result, the U.S. has initiated the Partnership for Global Infrastructure and Investment (PGII) and the Minerals Security Partnership (MSP). The PGII is a shared G7 commitment, while the MSP drives co-operation of 13 countries and the European Union (EU). They both aim to catalyse public and private investment in responsible global supply chains of critical minerals. Fortunately, Central Asia is emerging as a key player in the global critical minerals landscape. The region is perhaps best noted for its substantial reserves of uranium, of which it is the world’s largest supplier. Less known is the fact that the region also holds 38.6% of global manganese ore reserves, 30.07% of chromium, 20% of lead, 12.6% of zinc and 8.7% of titanium, as well as significant reserves of other critical materials. Eyes turn to Kazakhstan’s special contribution While all of Central Asia is rich in these minerals, Kazakhstan is increasingly noticed as the stand-out performer. Kazakhstan is perhaps best known as the global leader in uranium production. It has the world’s largest reserves of this metal, and has been the world’s top producer for several years. Uranium is necessary for the global nuclear energy supply chain, and Kazakhstan has implemented advanced recovery techniques, making the extraction process both efficient and environmentally friendly. Kazakhstan also has significant potential in rare earth elements, and is one of the world's largest producers of chromium (used primarily in producing stainless steel and other alloys) with one of the world's largest deposits and significant mining operations in the northwest regions. The country is...