Kyrgyzstan Turns to Coal Power Amid Electricity Shortages

Kyrgyzstan is turning to coal-fired electricity generation as a key strategy to address its chronic energy deficits, particularly acute during winter, when heating demand spikes and reliance on costly imports increases. While the country continues to expand hydropower capacity, the government is emphasizing the role of thermal power as a stable, year-round energy source. Unlike hydropower, which is vulnerable to fluctuating river flows worsened by climate change, coal-fired generation offers a more consistent electricity supply. On January 22, Energy Minister Taalaibek Ibrayev met with representatives of an international consortium that includes the German consulting group GPRC, along with NRP and KCG. The minister proposed the construction of thermal power plants at domestic coal sites. According to the Ministry of Energy, the consortium has expressed its intention to design, finance, and build three coal-fired power plants, each with a capacity of 350 MW for a total of 1,050 MW. The proposed facilities would utilize clean coal technologies aligned with international environmental standards. Before construction begins, specialists will assess coal quality and geological conditions at the proposed sites. Kyrgyzstan’s coal reserves are estimated at around 2 billion tons. In 2024, the country produced 4.396 million tons of coal, with nearly half mined in the Naryn region and the rest in Batken, Osh, and Jalal-Abad. The country’s largest coal deposit is Kara-Keche, a lignite mine in Naryn operated by the state-owned Kyrgyzkomur. In June 2025, Electric Stations OJSC, which generates about 86% of Kyrgyzstan’s electricity, announced a tender to build a 1,200 MW coal-fired power plant near Kara-Keche. The project was structured in two phases: the first involving two 300 MW units at a cost of $934.38 million, and the second, a 600 MW unit valued at $370.6 million. The proposed plant was expected to generate 7.8 billion kWh annually. However, the tender was declared invalid in September 2025 due to incomplete documentation from bidders. Despite the setback, the Ministry of Energy remains committed to attracting international investors, viewing coal-fired power as a transitional solution until long-term hydropower projects are fully operational. Kyrgyzstan exported 1.1 million tons of coal in 2024, valued at $52.7 million. Uzbekistan was the largest buyer, while exports to China surged to 118,200 tons, up from just 13,000 tons in 2023. As electricity demand rises and hydropower faces increasing climate-related constraints, officials see coal-based generation as a pragmatic measure to stabilize the national grid and bolster energy security during a critical transition period.

Kazakhstan Plans ‘Data Center Valley’ in Pavlodar Powered by Coal Energy

Kazakhstan intends to establish a major data center hub in the Pavlodar region, powered by the coal-rich Ekibastuz basin. The announcement was made by President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev during a meeting of the National Kurultai (Assembly), where he outlined key steps in the country’s digital and energy strategies. The initiative is part of Kazakhstan’s broader goal to develop a fully-fledged digital economy by 2029. As Tokayev noted, 2026 has been declared the Year of Digitalization and Artificial Intelligence. In line with this vision, the government recently established the Ministry of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Development to oversee technological transformation. “The introduction of digital solutions and AI technologies will improve the quality of public administration and industrial efficiency. But these plans require robust and sustainable energy infrastructure,” Tokayev stated. He stressed the need to designate zones in advance for the construction of high-capacity data centers, complete with energy, cooling, and security systems. The proposed “data center valley,” developed in cooperation with the Pavlodar regional akimat, is expected to be powered by the Ekibastuz coal basin, one of the largest in the country. Tokayev emphasized that Kazakhstan must not delay the commissioning of new energy infrastructure and should not rely solely on nuclear power. The country’s first nuclear plant, currently in planning with Russia’s Rosatom, is not scheduled to come online until 2035. He compared data centers to metallurgical plants in terms of electricity demand, underscoring that energy self-sufficiency is becoming central to Kazakhstan’s economic strategy. The country’s current electricity output of 123.1 billion kWh is insufficient to support both its industrial and digital development targets. Kazakhstan holds an estimated 33 billion tons of coal reserves, enough to last 300 years at present consumption levels. Tokayev called for coal to be treated as a strategic resource, with the application of modern environmental technologies to reduce its environmental impact. The president instructed the government to present a proposal by March 20 to grant coal generation the status of a national project. Planned energy infrastructure projects include new coal-fired thermal plants in Kokshetau, Semey, and Oskemen, the commissioning of a plant in Kurchatov, and the expansion of GRES-2 and construction of GRES-3 in Ekibastuz. Simultaneously, the government aims to speed up the deployment of balancing capacities, particularly gas-based generation. However, Tokayev also warned of a worsening gas deficit: in 2024, Kazakhstan’s commercial gas imports surged by 18%, reaching 4.5 billion cubic meters. As previously reported by The Times of Central Asia, the Ministry of Energy plans to eliminate the country’s electricity shortfall and begin energy exports by 2027.