Environmental Awareness - The Times Of Central Asia

Viewing results 1 - 6 of 58

Ecology

Turning the Tide and Tackling Pollution in Uzbekistan: Insights from the Head of Environmental Policy

In recent years, air pollution in Uzbekistan has become an issue of growing concern, while the drying up of the Aral Sea continues to draw global attention. The Times of Central Asia spoke with Farruh Sattarov, Head of the Environmental Policy Department at the Ministry of Ecology, Environmental Protection and Climate Change of the Republic of Uzbekistan, about the country’s environmental challenges and the ministry’s efforts to raise public awareness. TCA: Can you briefly describe the main projects currently being implemented by the Ministry of Ecology? Sattarov: To improve the environmental situation, we are working on several major projects. One key initiative is a $115 million investment project with the U.S. company, Sayar LLC, to generate alternative thermal energy from medical waste. This project will process 96,000 tons of medical waste annually, producing 320 GWh of thermal energy. Another significant effort focuses on improving air quality in Tashkent. In collaboration with South Korea’s Sejin G&E Co., Ltd, we are investing $55 million to generate 16 MW of electricity per year from landfill gas at the Akhangaran and Maydontol municipal waste sites. Additionally, we are partnering with the Asian Development Bank on a $60 million waste management project. This includes supplying special equipment, mobile laboratories, and waste containers to sanitation enterprises in Karakalpakstan and other regions. [caption id="attachment_28298" align="aligncenter" width="1280"] Farruh Sattarov; image: Ministry of Ecology of Uzbekistan[/caption] TCA: What are the priority areas for improving Uzbekistan’s environmental policy? Sattarov: Our environmental strategy is guided by the Concept of Environmental Protection of the Republic of Uzbekistan until 2030, which was approved in 2019. Its main goals include improving air quality, promoting sustainable economic growth through eco-friendly technologies, and ensuring efficient natural resource management. In 2025, our focus will be on the “Year of Environmental Protection and Green Economy.” As part of the “Uzbekistan - 2030” strategy, we are developing 30 environmental protection laws, which are currently open for public discussion. TCA: What measures are being taken to combat air pollution? Sattarov: In 2024, we took several key steps. We installed or upgraded dust and gas cleaning equipment at 188 enterprises and required 99.5% efficiency filtration systems at 24 new factories, preventing 8,500 tons of harmful emissions. In terms of targeting vehicle emissions, during the “Clean Air” campaign, we inspected 407,000 vehicles, preventing 256.9 tons of pollutants from entering the atmosphere. As part of the “Green Space” project, we planted 11.8 million trees around high-emission industrial sites. We also staged “Carless Day” events in Tashkent, Nukus, and other cities which helped reduce emissions by 5,800 tons, and eased traffic congestion. In 2025, we plan to modernize pollution controls at 122 major enterprises, inspect 500,000 vehicles as part of a new “Clean Air” campaign, and plant ten million more trees in and around industrial areas. TCA: What international initiatives does Uzbekistan support on climate change? Sattarov: Uzbekistan is actively involved in both global and regional climate initiatives. In regards to the Paris Agreement, we are developing our third Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC 3.0)...

Environment

Kyrgyz Authorities Aim to Improve Air Quality in Bishkek

Kyrgyzstan’s Minister of Natural Resources, Ecology, and Technical Supervision, Meder Mashiev, has outlined plans to tackle air pollution in Bishkek. Speaking at a meeting with representatives of an interdepartmental commission tasked with addressing environmental issues, Mashiev announced that the government is prepared to issue interest-free loans for environmental projects, with a particular focus on improving air quality in the capital. Bishkek ranks among the worst cities globally for air pollution, placing fifth from the bottom in terms of air quality. According to some reports, funding for these projects will come from the World Bank. Similar loan programs are expected to be introduced in the cities of Jalal-Abad and Osh. As part of efforts to combat pollution, the Ministry of Natural Resources is considering building facilities to process coal from the Kara-Keche open-pit mine in Naryn Oblast. This coal is used to heat most of Bishkek, including its thermal power plant. Many environmentalists argue that the primary cause of the city's poor air quality is the widespread use of coal for heating by private households. “In addition, the use of nanotechnology to improve air quality is being explored, including the installation of catalytic converters on vehicles,” the ministry stated. Separately, Mashiev met with members of Kyrgyzstan’s scientific community to discuss the role of research in addressing air pollution. He emphasized that science should play a key role in developing solutions and pledged to allocate funding for research on the issue. Experts at the meeting urged the ministry to conduct a comprehensive study of the problem, including an analysis of the impact of vehicle emissions compared to coal burning.

Ecology

Kyrgyz Deputy Maripov Proposes Moving Capital Away From Bishkek

Jogorku Kenesh (Parliament) deputy Bakytbek Maripov has proposed moving Kyrgyzstan’s capital away from Bishkek, presenting the idea during a parliamentary session on January 22. Maripov argued that even radical measures to improve Bishkek’s infrastructure - such as reforming the city’s management system or developing transportation networks - would be insufficient to solve its persistent issues with smog and traffic congestion. The deputy suggested that relocating the capital could offer an effective long-term solution, particularly when viewed in the context of large-scale investment opportunities. He cited a comparison of major infrastructure costs: for instance, the construction of the planned city of Asman on the coast of Issyk-Kul is already drawing $10 billion in investments. Meanwhile, relocating Bishkek’s railroad infrastructure would cost $550 million, and building a ring road around the city would require approximately $1 billion. “If the capital were moved, the problems of traffic congestion and air pollution could be avoided,” Maripov emphasized. Although the proposal to move the capital remains at an early stage, it has sparked significant debate among lawmakers and the public. Bishkek’s Challenges: Traffic and Smog Bishkek is grappling with severe traffic congestion and air pollution, which are fueling calls for drastic action. According to data from the 2GIS navigation service, residents spent 777 hours stuck in traffic during July, August, and September of 2024. In October, congestion levels in the city reached nine out of 10 points. The primary factors contributing to traffic jams include a surge in the number of vehicles, insufficient road capacity, and inefficient traffic light management. The city’s air pollution problem is equally pressing. In November 2024, Bishkek ranked among the top 10 most polluted cities in the world. Key sources of pollution include emissions from motor vehicles, the use of low-quality fuels for heating private homes, and unfavorable meteorological conditions that trap pollutants. Government Efforts and Public Concerns Authorities have introduced several initiatives to address Bishkek’s environmental and transportation challenges. In January 2025, the Jogorku Kenesh discussed measures aimed at reducing smog and alleviating traffic congestion in both Bishkek and Osh. However, despite ongoing efforts, the situation remains critical, underscoring the need for a comprehensive and systemic approach to improving urban infrastructure and environmental conditions. While the idea of relocating Kyrgyzstan’s capital is far from finalized, it has already opened up discussions about long-term solutions to Bishkek’s chronic problems. For now, the debate continues as the city’s residents and lawmakers consider the potential benefits and challenges of such a monumental shift.

Environment

Uzbekistan Launches Two New Environmental Projects

Uzbekistan has initiated two major international projects aimed at environmental protection and advancing the green economy. The projects, spearheaded by the Ministry of Ecology, Environmental Protection, and Climate Change in partnership with the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), are funded by the Global Environment Facility (GEF) with a total budget of $6.5 million. Both initiatives are set to run through 2030. Project 1: Updating the National Biodiversity Strategy The first initiative, titled the “Comprehensive Programme to Support the Renewal of the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) and the Seventh National Report,” is part of a global effort involving 69 countries, including Uzbekistan. This project aims to update Uzbekistan’s National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan in alignment with the Global Biodiversity Framework. The updated plan will guide the country’s efforts to conserve its rich biodiversity and address environmental challenges. Project 2: Restoring Valuable Ecosystems The second project, named “Integrated Management for the Protection and Restoration of Highly Valuable Landscapes in Uzbekistan,” focuses on restoring ecosystems and exploring sustainable financing methods for biodiversity conservation. Pilot areas for this initiative include the Western Tien Shan, Nurata Mountains, and Kugitang landscapes. These ecologically significant regions are home to diverse flora and fauna and are considered critical for Uzbekistan’s environmental health. A key partner in the ecosystem restoration project is the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), which established a regional office in Tashkent in 2024 to support conservation efforts in Central Asia. Key Statements Deputy Minister of Ecology Iskandar Kutbiddinov highlighted the importance of these projects during their launch. “These initiatives align with Uzbekistan’s goals for a greener future and will play a vital role in preserving our country’s biodiversity and ecosystems,” Kutbiddinov said. UNDP Resident Representative Akiko Fujii also praised the country’s environmental efforts, noting that “Uzbekistan is taking significant steps to protect and restore its rich biodiversity and unique ecosystems.” With the launch of these two projects, Uzbekistan is strengthening its commitment to environmental protection and sustainable development. By aligning with global biodiversity goals and restoring vital ecosystems, the country is paving the way for a greener, more sustainable future.

Air Pollution

Kyrgyzstan’s Capital Grapples with Smog: Minister Outlines Pollution Sources and Plans for Cleaner Air

On January 20, Kyrgyzstan’s Minister of Natural Resources, Ecology, and Technical Supervision, Meder Mashiev, addressed parliament to discuss the sources of air pollution in Bishkek, the capital of Kyrgyzstan. Citing studies conducted by international organizations, Mashiev broke down the contributors to Bishkek’s smog, as reported by 24.kg. According to the minister, the primary sources of air pollution in Bishkek are: Burning of coal: 40% Exhaust gases from motor vehicles: 30% Smoke from the Bishkek Thermal Electric Power Plant: 15% Windborne dust: 13.5% Mashiev highlighted that efforts by the government in 2024 have led to improvements in air quality, based on data from the Hydrometeorological Service. However, he noted that Bishkek experienced its worst smog levels during 2021-2022. One of the key issues contributing to air pollution is the absence of catalytic converters in 85% of vehicles operating in Kyrgyzstan. Catalytic converters are critical for reducing the toxicity of vehicle emissions by converting harmful compounds into less hazardous ones. With over 600,000 registered vehicles in Bishkek — nearly double the city's road capacity of 350,000 — the Ministry estimates that motor transport accounts for 27% of the city's total air pollution. During the parliamentary session, parliamentary deputy Balbak Tulobayev proposed several measures to address the smog problem: Replace domestic coal: Prohibit the use of low-calorie, high-ash Kara-Keche coal in Bishkek and switch to high-calorie Kazakh coal, potentially reducing smog by 30-40%. Accelerate gasification: Attract additional companies, such as those from Azerbaijan or Iran, to expand gasification in Bishkek. Currently, Russia’s Gazprom is the only provider of natural gas in the city. The MP estimates this could reduce smog by another 30%. Improve public transportation: Construct a subway or monorail system in Bishkek to reduce reliance on private vehicles. Ban polluting vehicles: Restrict vehicles without catalytic converters from entering the city. Air pollution remains a persistent issue in Bishkek, a city with over one million residents. The problem worsens in the winter, as household coal burning for heating intensifies. Bishkek frequently ranks among the world’s top 10 most polluted cities on IQAir's global air quality index. To improve air quality, the government has outlined a comprehensive plan for 2024-2025, which includes the following measures: Transition to cleaner coal: Provide households with high-calorie coal that emits fewer pollutants. Modernize the thermal power plant: Replace outdated filters at the Bishkek coal-fired power plant and work toward converting it to natural gas. City planning for air circulation: Develop an architectural plan to enhance air movement in Bishkek. Expand gasification: Continue gasification of residential neighborhoods to reduce reliance on coal. Improve urban infrastructure: Construct transport interchanges and multi-level parking lots to ease traffic congestion. Promote public transport: Increase the attractiveness of public transportation and develop infrastructure for electric vehicles, including charging stations. Green belt initiative: Create a green belt in and around Bishkek to improve air quality and provide natural barriers to pollution. Air pollution in Bishkek is a complex and longstanding issue driven by coal burning, vehicle emissions, and outdated infrastructure. While the government has...

Waste Management

Study Highlights Plastic Waste Challenges in Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan is grappling with a growing plastic pollution problem, as highlighted in a recent study conducted by the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources. The research, covering the period from 2013 to 2022, provides critical insights into the increase in plastic consumption, the resulting waste, and the systemic challenges that hinder effective waste management. The findings were part of the regional project "Plastic Waste in Remote and Mountainous Areas of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan," implemented by the CSD Center (Cooperation for Sustainable Development of the Republic of Kazakhstan). Rapid Growth in Plastic Consumption The study revealed a significant rise in the volume of plastic products entering the Kazakh market over the past decade, increasing from 387,000 tons in 2013 to 855,000 tons in 2022. Key industries driving this growth include: Packaging: Representing over 23% of total plastic consumption, with 196,000 tons used in 2022 alone. Construction: Accounting for 19% (167,000 tons), where plastic is used in durable materials such as pipes and insulation. Transport: Consuming 17% of all plastic due to the increased production of vehicles and the use of lightweight plastic components. Escalation in Plastic Waste The growing use of plastic has led to a corresponding rise in waste. In 2022, plastic waste generation reached 296,000 tons, more than double the amount recorded in 2013. Packaging remains the largest source of waste, comprising 66% of the total, largely due to the prevalence of disposable plastic bags and other single-use packaging materials. By contrast, the construction and transport sectors generated relatively less waste, as the plastic used in these industries typically has a longer lifespan. The study also identified the primary types of plastic waste in Kazakhstan: Polyethylene: 38% Polypropylene: 23% Polyethylene terephthalate (PET): 14% Challenges in Plastic Waste Management The research outlined several obstacles that hinder effective management of plastic waste in Kazakhstan: Insufficient Infrastructure: Existing waste management facilities are unable to handle the growing volumes of plastic waste. Lack of Separate Collection Systems: The absence of infrastructure for sorting waste at the source limits recycling efforts. Low Environmental Awareness: A significant portion of the population remains unaware of the importance of waste sorting and recycling. Recommendations for a Circular Economy To address these issues, the study suggests improving legislation to limit the use of single-use plastic items and promote the adoption of recycled materials. These measures could create favorable conditions for Kazakhstan’s transition to a circular economy, where resources are reused and recycled rather than discarded. Additionally, the research emphasizes the need to develop infrastructure for waste sorting and recycling while raising public awareness about the environmental impact of plastic pollution. Regional Context Kazakhstan’s findings are part of broader efforts across Central Asia to combat plastic pollution. Countries in the region, including Kazakhstan, are exploring initiatives such as phasing out plastic bags to address the growing environmental challenge. For an overview of these regional efforts, see The Times of Central Asia’s reporton plastic bag bans. Conclusion Kazakhstan’s plastic waste study highlights the urgent need for systemic change in managing...