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Finance

Car and Real Estate Sellers in Kazakhstan to Receive Payment Only After Buyer Rights Registered

Kazakhstan is preparing to introduce a new payment system for vehicle and real estate transactions, in which funds deposited via banks will be temporarily blocked until ownership rights are officially registered in the buyer’s name. The initiative, known as the “Safe Transaction” system, is being developed jointly by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Ministry of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Development. A pilot launch is expected soon, with a full-scale rollout planned for April next year. The system was discussed during the first meeting of the working group on the integration of the digital tenge into public finance operations. The digital tenge (national currency) refers to marked digital budget funds designated for specific contractual purposes. These funds cannot be converted into cash or conventional non-cash forms and are unblocked only after work or services are completed and verified or once contract terms are fully met. The mechanism aims to automate oversight of targeted budget spending and mitigate embezzlement risks. Pilot projects involving digital tenge have already revealed several technical challenges. For example, in the road construction sector, the absence of a unified methodology for standardizing goods, services, and materials complicates implementation. Additional requirements include digitizing design and estimate documentation, integrating the platform with verified supplier databases, and introducing transaction verification protocols and cost reconciliation tools. Binur Zhalenov, advisor to the chairman of the National Bank, noted that the pilot phase exposed significant discrepancies in pricing for some materials and services, which require industry-specific evaluation to assess properly. The digital tenge is technically prepared for certain types of public procurement and is expected to improve transparency in financial transactions. Authorities anticipate that it will enhance budget revenue collection, reduce tax-related risks, and curb the use of fictitious financial schemes. Over the medium term, the digital tenge is projected to be used in the implementation of at least 100 government projects. The National Bank officially announced its launch just over a year ago.

Finance

Kazakhstan to Develop AI Rules for Financial Sector

Kazakhstan’s Agency for Regulation and Development of the Financial Market (ARDFM) plans to establish a regulatory framework governing the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the country’s financial sector. The announcement was made by ARDFM Chair Madina Abylkassymova during the 13th Congress of Financiers of Kazakhstan. According to the regulator, 75% of banks in Kazakhstan already use AI technologies in areas such as credit scoring, fraud detection, marketing, and customer service chatbots. However, adoption levels vary significantly: large banks have made substantial progress, while medium and smaller institutions are primarily conducting pilot projects. Abylkassymova stressed that the widespread use of AI is imminent, necessitating the development of unified standards and regulatory guidelines. “There is currently no dedicated document regulating artificial intelligence, but one will certainly be introduced,” she said. “The main challenges today involve the absence of uniform standards, inconsistent data quality, and a shortage of qualified specialists. At present, each financial institution independently sets objectives and configures its AI systems, but without common rules. We must therefore rely on existing regulatory practices and client-service standards.” She added that regulatory measures should be proportionate to the level of risk associated with specific financial transactions. “We will conduct a detailed risk assessment. We do not believe every application of AI must be tightly regulated. Low-risk areas may require light oversight, whereas high-risk applications, particularly those with systemic implications, should face stricter controls.” Abylkassymova identified data quality as a major obstacle to AI development. She noted that information is often fragmented and stored across various systems and formats, increasing the likelihood of errors in AI-driven decision-making. A proposed legislative initiative includes the creation of a unified database of anonymized data accessible to market participants, aimed at improving AI model accuracy. Ongoing discussions are addressing whether access to government databases should be free or paid, and whether different pricing models should apply depending on the purpose of use. “We place extensive requirements on financial institutions, including offering access to government services through their digital platforms,” Abylkassymova explained. “To fulfill these functions, banks need access to public databases. So, the question is: is it justified to charge for such access? That’s one scenario. It’s another matter entirely when access is sought for purely commercial gain.” She concluded that the future AI framework will be developed in consultation with market stakeholders, with the goal of striking a balance between enabling innovation and safeguarding financial system stability. Previously, The Times of Central Asia reported that Kazakhstan’s Ministry of Finance is piloting a digital platform that leverages AI and big data to help entrepreneurs identify the most profitable sales locations for their products.

Finance

ADB Approves $300 Million Loan to Support Small Business Growth in Uzbekistan

The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has approved a $300 million policy-based loan to boost the development of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in Uzbekistan, with a particular focus on women-led businesses. The bank announced the decision on November 12. Of the total funding, $100 million will be provided on concessional terms to expand access to finance for MSMEs and strengthen Uzbekistan’s microfinance sector. The loan forms part of the second phase of the ADB’s Inclusive Finance Sector Development Program, which builds on earlier efforts to improve the legal and institutional framework for inclusive finance in the country. Key reforms have included raising the ceiling on microloans, modernizing microfinance regulations, joining the Women Entrepreneurs Finance Code, and introducing frameworks for Islamic microfinance. “ADB is proud to support Uzbekistan’s transition to a more inclusive and market-based financial system,” said ADB Country Director for Uzbekistan Kanokpan Lao-Araya. “This program will help unlock access to finance for the self-employed and microentrepreneurs, promote gender equality, and strengthen consumer protection in the financial sector.” The latest phase of the program introduces new policy measures aimed at enhancing responsible lending, regulating emerging products such as “buy now, pay later” services, and strengthening digital financial supervision. It also advances gender equality by supporting sectoral policies that implement gender-based financing quotas and improve the reporting of sex-disaggregated data. An evaluation of Uzbekistan’s National Financial Inclusion Strategy (2021-2023) revealed that 60 percent of adults now hold accounts with formal financial institutions, a significant gain attributed to rapid digitalization. The new program aims to further modernize the microfinance sector by allowing the creation of deposit-taking microfinance banks, two of which have already received preliminary licenses. This year marks the 30th anniversary of ADB-Uzbekistan cooperation. Since 1995, the bank has committed $14.6 billion in loans, grants, and technical assistance to the country. Uzbekistan has also been selected to chair the ADB Board of Governors for 2025-2026. Samarkand is set to host the ADB’s 59th Annual Meeting in May 2026.

Finance

Kyrgyz National Bank Conducts Largest Currency Intervention of 2025

To stabilize the som exchange rate, the National Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic (NBKR) carried out its largest currency intervention of 2025, selling nearly $174 million on the foreign exchange market. According to the NBKR, $65.3 million was sold on the day of the transaction, with an additional $108.6 million sold under deferred payment terms. This marks the bank’s sixth intervention of the year and its most substantial by volume. In previous months, the NBKR intervened with $158.3 million in April, $81.5 million in September, and $38 million in October. The regulator emphasized that the som remains a floating currency and that interventions are undertaken solely to limit excessive volatility and ensure market stability. Throughout 2025, the NBKR has only conducted dollar sales, without any reverse interventions to repurchase foreign currency. This pattern reflects sustained demand for foreign currency and active trade flows within the country. As a result of these actions, the som has remained stable, with the exchange rate holding just above 87 soms per $. Since the beginning of the year, the NBKR’s total foreign currency sales have exceeded $590 million. Over the past five years, the bank has carried out 99 interventions, selling nearly $3 billion on the market.

Finance

Kyrgyzstan Officially Launches Gold-Backed State Stablecoin

Kyrgyzstan has announced the launch of its own state-backed digital currency, USDKG, a gold-backed stablecoin pegged to the US dollar. With this move, Kyrgyzstan becomes one of the first countries globally to introduce a government-backed stablecoin secured by physical gold reserves. According to the Ministry of Finance of the Kyrgyz Republic, the initial issuance of USDKG is valued at $50 million. A source within the ministry told The Times of Central Asia that this launch marks just the beginning of a phased rollout. “In a few weeks, USDKG will be listed on crypto exchanges, making it available for purchase. If the project is successful, we could double the issuance volume within a year and ultimately scale to $1 billion,” the official said. The stablecoin is being issued by Virtual Asset Issuer, a state-owned company under the Ministry of Finance. The ministry noted that the primary use case for USDKG will be cross-border transactions. Users will be able to convert the digital asset into fiat currency from virtually anywhere in the world. Momentum for the project grew after a high-profile visit in October by Binance founder Changpeng Zhao, who met with President Sadyr Japarov in Bishkek. Following the meeting, President Japarov instructed the National Council for the Development of Assets and Blockchain Technologies to create the necessary regulatory framework to support the launch and international listing of the KGST stablecoin. Simultaneously, the National Bank of Kyrgyzstan is developing its own digital currency. Unlike USDKG, this central bank digital currency (CBDC) will be aimed at broad public use and has already been recognized as an official means of payment in the country.

Finance

Kazakhstan Weighs Converting Part of National Fund into Cryptocurrency

Kazakhstan’s monetary authorities are considering the possibility of converting a portion of the country’s National Fund assets and gold and foreign exchange reserves into cryptocurrency. The proposal was announced by Berik Sholpankulov, Deputy Chairman of the National Bank, during a session of the Mazhilis (lower house of parliament). “We are considering the possibility of using part of the National Fund’s assets and gold and foreign exchange reserves for investment in crypto assets,” Sholpankulov stated. He emphasized that any such operations would be conducted solely through a state-managed crypto asset fund, the creation of which is currently under government discussion. “First of all, confiscated crypto assets will be transferred to the state digital asset fund, where they will be stored as a strategic reserve of the government,” Sholpankulov explained. He added that the Ministry of Digital Development has proposed allowing state-owned mining enterprises to supply energy to private mining companies in exchange for payment in cryptocurrency. According to the National Bank, the assets of the National Fund rose by $990 million in September compared to August, reaching $62.7 billion. Gold and foreign exchange reserves increased by $3.1 billion to $57.4 billion. However, foreign exchange assets declined by $1.9 billion to $17.7 billion, while gold reserves grew by more than $5 billion, reaching $39.7 billion. Previously The Times of Central Asia reported that the National Bank had approved a concept for forming a national reserve of crypto assets. The reserve is expected to be managed through a new subsidiary focused on alternative investments. The government is also exploring the establishment of crypto banks and a licensed national cryptocurrency exchange to operate across Kazakhstan. As also previously reported by The Times of Central Asia, authorities have shut down 130 illegal cryptocurrency exchanges suspected of laundering criminal proceeds since the beginning of the year. Virtual assets worth $16.7 million were seized in connection with the crackdown. Sholpankulov previously noted that approximately $15 billion in cryptocurrency has left the country due to gaps in legislation governing digital assets.