Kazakhstan is considering a ban on the import of Starlink and other satellite communication devices, a move that has sparked opposition from experts and the public. In December 2024, authorities proposed a draft regulation prohibiting the import of satellite communication equipment from major manufacturers, including Thuraya, Iridium, Inmarsat, and Starlink. The proposal quickly ignited public debate on the Open ABO portal, with most commentators opposing the measure. Following a wave of criticism, the draft was sent for revision. National Security Concerns The ban would apply to satellite phones and terminals commonly used by emergency services, maritime fleets, and travelers in areas lacking traditional communication networks. The Ministry of Digital Development defends the restriction as a national security measure, citing Article 23 of Kazakhstan’s Law on National Security. The law prohibits the operation of foreign-controlled communication networks within the country. Authorities have suggested requiring local oversight of satellite devices. Industry and Legal Concerns Industry representatives and legal experts, however, have raised strong objections. Safety Risks: Alexey Korchagin, a representative of satellite communications partner ZHARYQ LLP, warns that restricting satellite communication could jeopardize lives. He argues that alternatives such as Eutelsat-OneWeb and Amazon Kuiper cannot fully replace Thuraya, Iridium, and Inmarsat, as their functionality differs. Unlike bulky VSAT terminals, mobile satellite phones are compact, easy to use, and designed for emergencies. Control Over Information: Lawyer Yelzhan Kabyshev sees the ban as part of a broader effort to control information flows. He points to previous cyber-control measures, including security certificates and data interception policies. He also questions the transparency of the decision-making process, particularly after the January 2022 unrest, which led to criminal cases against top National Security Committee officials. A Growing Black Market: Experts argue that the ban will not eliminate security risks, as the devices could still be smuggled into the country. Korchagin warns that such restrictions could fuel the "gray" market, making it harder to regulate and potentially increasing security threats. Alternative Solutions Instead of an outright ban, experts recommend cooperation with satellite operators to ensure regulatory oversight without compromising essential communication services. Meanwhile, Kazakhstan is working to expand internet access in remote areas. In 2024, a pilot project connected nearly 2,000 rural schools to Starlink satellite internet. The Ministry of Digital Economy has stated that the ban will not affect these connections, though the long-term future of the project after 2026 remains uncertain.
