Youth - The Times Of Central Asia

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Corruption Youth Entrepreneurship taxes Business Climate

Kazakhstan’s Youth Face Barriers to Entrepreneurship

A recent analysis by the analytical portal Ranking.kz reveals a concerning stagnation in youth entrepreneurship in Kazakhstan. Despite government rhetoric promoting innovation and small business, the number of young individual entrepreneurs has remained nearly flat over the past two years. Youth Entrepreneurship by the Numbers As of the end of Q1 2025, Kazakhstan recorded 736,100 individual entrepreneurs (IE) under the age of 35. Of these, 698,900 are active. The growth rate over two years is just 0.2%, signaling stagnation rather than progress. The decline in young entrepreneurs' share of the total business landscape underscores this trend. In 2023, they made up 50.9% of all active IEs; by 2025, that figure dropped to 47.3%. According to the National Statistics Bureau, today’s young entrepreneur in Kazakhstan is more likely to be a woman (55.4%) than a man (44.6%). Urban residents dominate the demographic, comprising about 75.3% of the total, while rural entrepreneurs represent only 24.7%. Sectoral Growth and Decline Trade remains the leading sector for young entrepreneurs, employing 303,300 individuals, though it saw no growth over the past year. The most significant expansion occurred in transportation and logistics, which grew by 90.1% to 49,700 entrepreneurs. Construction also showed positive movement, with a 10.7% increase, totaling 21,000 entrepreneurs. In contrast, other sectors experienced contraction: agriculture dropped by 25.1%, manufacturing by 11.9%, and real estate by 2.8%. These declines suggest a shift away from traditionally accessible sectors for new entrepreneurs. Geographically, growth was concentrated in major urban centers. Almaty leads with 121,200 active young entrepreneurs, followed by Astana (89,500) and Shymkent (62,100). Modest gains were also observed in the Almaty, Kostanay, Pavlodar, and North Kazakhstan regions. The Ulytau region registered the lowest number, with just 6,700 young individual entrepreneurs. Barriers to Growth The Atameken National Chamber of Entrepreneurs' 2024 "Business Climate" rating provides insight into regional variations in the ease of doing business. Entrepreneurs in Shymkent, Kyzylorda, and Ulytau reported the most favorable conditions. Conversely, Astana, Pavlodar, and North Kazakhstan ranked lowest. Key challenges cited by entrepreneurs include: High tax burdens (44% of respondents) Excessive bureaucracy and a complex licensing system (43.1%) Frequent inspections by regulatory authorities (42.4%) Corruption, especially in land allocation and public procurement These issues are reflected in the National Bank's 2025 Q1 business sentiment survey, where 31.4% of respondents cited taxes as the primary obstacle, while 30% pointed to broader economic conditions and high competition. Despite a vibrant and youthful potential workforce, Kazakhstan’s business environment continues to present structural challenges that deter innovation and sustainable growth. Addressing these barriers will be critical if the country is to harness its demographic dividend and support the next generation of entrepreneurs.

Culture Youth Gender Equality Family

Gender Inequality in Marriage: The Role of the Kelin in Kyrgyzstan

Gender inequality in marriage remains a significant issue in Kyrgyzstan, particularly with regard to the role of the kelin - the daughter-in-law - who is traditionally expected to shoulder numerous household responsibilities. In this patriarchal society, women often face pressure from their husbands' families, limited career opportunities, and an unequal division of domestic labor. According to recent data, 12.9% of women in Kyrgyzstan marry before the age of 18. This figure nearly doubles in rural areas compared to urban ones, reflecting stark regional disparities. Many families continue to uphold traditional expectations for women, especially the kelin, who is considered responsible for caring for her husband, his parents, the children, and the household. The Kelin: Between Tradition and Change Kyrgyz women have varying attitudes toward their role in the family. While some accept these expectations as part of their cultural heritage, others see them as a problem requiring change. Personal Stories Aizhan, 24, Osh (name changed): "After marriage, I was expected to leave my job and devote myself fully to the household. Although my husband supports my career aspirations, there is pressure from both his parents and mine. In the early years of our marriage, I had to prove that I was a good wife - cooking, cleaning, and pleasing my mother-in-law - even though I had the opportunity to build a career. My parents also insisted that I focus on household duties to avoid being ridiculed by others. This frustrates me, but my husband stands by me." Nuria, 25, Naryn (name changed): "In our social circle, it is rare for young couples to strive for equality in marriage. Traditional expectations remain strong, and sometimes compromises are necessary to maintain peace in the family. Early in my marriage, I didn’t feel much pressure, but after the birth of my child, I was often reminded that my primary role was now to be a mother and the keeper of the hearth." Ainura, 23, Bishkek (name changed): "In the capital, it's easier to be independent. More people here support the idea of equal rights. However, even in Bishkek, many girls face the expectation of becoming perfect kelins. This pressure usually comes from parents who cling to traditional values." Societal Expectations Beyond Marriage For many young women, gendered expectations begin long before they marry. From an early age, girls are taught to prioritize marriage and family above personal ambitions. Saule, 22, Bishkek: "I’m 20 and don’t want to get married yet, but my relatives constantly hint that ‘the clock is ticking’ and that I should start looking for a groom. They don’t understand that I have other plans. Sometimes they introduce me to potential suitors, which is awkward and frustrating." In some families, restrictions are imposed on daughters to preserve their "marriage prospects." Kamilla, 23, Bishkek: "I was often told to be modest, avoid friendships with boys, and dress conservatively because ‘I had to get married.’ Many girls like me missed out on a full teenage experience. However, I’ve noticed that the younger generation...

Youth Social Education

Gender Expectations in Kazakhstan: How Boys and Girls are Raised Differently

From childhood, boys and girls in Kazakhstan are raised with clearly defined roles based on gender stereotypes. These attitudes are instilled through the family, media, and educational system, creating pressure on children to conform to specific expectations. Boys are prepared for leadership and career success, while girls are prepared for family life and the role of model kelinka (daughter-in-law). The UNDP Analytical Report (2024) emphasizes that patriarchal attitudes still persist in Kazakhstan. These stereotypes are transmitted through key institutions of socialization, including the family, educational institutions, and the media, and shape the perception of gender roles as strictly fixed. Expectations for boys and girls are established from an early age. For boys, parents often buy cars, construction sets, and tool kits, reinforcing the idea that a man is a protector, provider, and builder. Boys are expected to do well in school and go to university. The phrase "You are a man; you must be strong" often defines their upbringing. It is believed that a boy should be raised to be independent and able to earn money. Daniyar, 20, student from Almaty: "When I was a teenager, I was constantly told that I should be responsible and strong. Crying or showing weakness was considered a shame. I couldn't even express my emotions freely. I think this had a big impact on my worldview. Madiyar, 22, artist: "Like many boys, I faced the belief that creativity was not for men. Until I achieved some success, my parents constantly discouraged me, not because it didn't seem lucrative, but simply because I'm a man." Girls are given dolls, toy kitchens, and dishes from an early age to instill domestic skills. Parents often say: "You must learn to cook to be a good wife.” Girls are taught to be obedient, modest and caring. Family conversations often boil down to the fact that a girl should marry and become an exemplary kelinka, responsible for caring for her husband, his parents, and their children. Aizhan, 25, Taraz: "When I was a child, my brother could do whatever he wanted - go out, play with friends, but I was constantly told: "Wash the dishes" or "Learn to cook, who will marry you otherwise?". No one talked about my education, it was considered not as important as being able to bake baursaks (a Kazakh sweet bread).” Karima, 26, a teacher from Astana: "In our family, education for girls was not considered a priority. I was often told: "You will get married, why do you need higher education?" I had to fight this stereotype to go to university.” Lera, 21, student, Astana: "I didn't really face any problem in choosing a profession. My parents encouraged my choice to enroll in physics. However, at the university, gender inequality is rampant. Some professors are always saying that math is not for women or that we came here to find husbands. I think that's a big problem, too." In addition to parental guidance, traditional Kazakh gender roles are reinforced through the media. Traditional...

Sustainable Development Youth

President Promises Support for Youth and Business in Uzbekistan in 2024

In his New Year address, President Shavkat Mirziyoyev said that the outgoing year had been successful for the country and its people, emphasizing the importance of peace and tranquility, and an atmosphere of inter-ethnic friendship and harmony in the country. “For the first time in our history, in a nationwide referendum, we adopted a new version of the Constitution of the country. We have begun to implement the Uzbekistan 2030 strategy, which determines our development for the future,” Mirziyoyev said. The Uzbek leader stated that the country had ensured sustainable rates of economic growth, and that high-tech industrial enterprises, modern logistics and infrastructure networks, kindergartens and schools, cultural and sports facilities are being built. Mirziyoyev said that 2024 has been declared the Year of Support for Youth and Business in Uzbekistan. “In the new year, we will intensify the attraction of foreign investment and the creation of broad opportunities for entrepreneurship and private property. We will pay special attention to the development of science, innovation, the IT sector, and the creation of green and digital technologies,” he said. The focus will be on creating new jobs and increasing the income of the population, Mirziyoyev said, promising to raise the development of the social sphere to a new level.

Youth Entrepreneurship

EBRD Launches Youth in Business Program in Central Asia

EBRD Launches Youth in Business Program in Central Asia The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) on December 12th said it is addressing the issue of youth entrepreneurship and employment in Central Asia by launching a seven-year €200 million (U$ 218 million) Youth in Business program designed to provide better access to finance and relevant training to young entrepreneurs in the region, where up to one third of the population is aged between 18 and 34 years. The Youth in Business program in Central Asia (YiB CA) will target micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) led or owned by individuals under the age of 35. It will consist of up to €200 million for on-lending to up to 20 partner financial institutions in Central Asia and Mongolia; targeted non-financial services for eligible small businesses will be provided by the Bank’s Advice for Small Businesses program to help develop their entrepreneurial skills through training, advisory services, and networking opportunities. The EBRD’s investment will be complemented by a package of up to €30 million in grants and concessional co-financing to stimulate inclusive lending and youth entrepreneurship. It is expected that the first agreements under the YiB CA will include: a loan of up to U$ 10 million to Uzbekistan’s largest private bank, Hamkorbank, a loan of up to U$ 8 million to Shinhan Bank Kazakhstan, a loan of up to U$ 4 million to Mongolia’s leading micro-lender, Transcapital, and a loan of up to U$ 2 million to Kazakhstan-based micro-financial organization, Arnur Credit. A market assessment conducted by the EBRD in the region revealed that while many young people across Central Asia have a strong entrepreneurial mindset, very few have access to equal economic opportunities. Only around 10% have access to the necessary training and professional expertise. In Central Asia, MSMEs account for almost half of total employment, and contribute almost 40% of regional GDP. Grant support and concessional finance to the program is provided by the Government of Kazakhstan, the Small Business Impact Fund, and the European Union.

Youth

Dedicated Space for Children Established in Police Department of Turkmenabad

The Police Department in Turkmenabad City has unveiled its second child-friendly room, aligning with global best practices aimed at enhancing protective measures for young girls and boys who may be victims or witnesses of potential crimes. Inaugurated by representatives from the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Turkmenistan, the UNICEF Representative, and the Ambassador of the Federal Republic of Germany in Turkmenistan, this facility offers a secure and comforting space designed specifically for children. The room prioritizes their age, maturity, and psychological well-being, ensuring a non-threatening atmosphere. Collaborating closely with the Ministry, UNICEF has played a pivotal role in aligning special child protection measures with internationally recognized standards for juvenile justice. “Turkmenistan, as a state party to major international human rights and children's rights treaties, pays special attention to strengthening the provision and protection of the rights of all children in contact with the law, including child victims and witnesses of crime,” said Geldimyrat Haldurdiyev, Head of the Department of Law and International Relations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. “The application of special measures provided protection and assistance to minors and improved the quality of the evidence obtained from them, which served to safeguard their interests.”