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Intellectual Property Rights

Uzbekistan Strengthens Intellectual Property Protection

Uzbekistan is taking significant steps to enhance intellectual property (IP) protection with a new draft law, which was approved in its first reading by the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis on February 18. The proposed legislation introduces amendments to multiple legal codes, strengthening penalties for copyright violations and industrial property rights infringements. Key changes include: Increased fines for copyright infringement Administrative penalties for violating rights to selection achievements Confiscation of items used in patent-related offenses Expanded judicial powers to inspect and seize counterfeit goods Stricter criminal liability for intellectual property violations Criminal penalties for unauthorized use of trademarks, software, and inventions Mandatory destruction of counterfeit goods at the offender’s expense The law aims to curb counterfeit production, attract foreign investment, and support Uzbekistan’s efforts to join the World Trade Organization. Under Uzbekistan’s Copyright Law, intellectual property rights apply to works by Uzbek citizens, residents, and those first published in the country. Currently, fines for copyright violations range from UZS 375,000 (USD 28.95) to UZS 1.87 million (USD 144.36) for individuals and up to UZS 3.75 million (USD 289.48) for officials. Additionally, the Code of Administrative Responsibility imposes various fines for violations of personal non-property rights related to intellectual property. In neighboring Kazakhstan, copyright or related rights violations under the Criminal Code carry a minimum fine of KZT 295,360 (USD 588.17) as of 2024. More severe offenses can result in imprisonment for three to six years.

Aviation

Kazakhstan to Establish Air Crash Investigation Center

Kazakhstan will establish a specialized center for investigating air incidents by the end of the year, Deputy Transport Minister Talgat Lastayev announced during a government meeting. The decision follows the crash of an Azerbaijani AZAL Airlines aircraft near Aktau in December last year, which prompted an inspection of domestic airlines. According to Lastayev, air accident investigation is one of the eight critical safety parameters assessed by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), and Kazakhstan currently scores 51% in this area, the lowest among all indicators. "To improve the situation, we plan to establish a specialized air accident investigation center by the end of the year, equipping it with highly qualified specialists and the necessary technical resources," Lastayev said. Kazakh aviation authorities are also preparing a report on the AZAL Embraer 190 crash near Aktau. As previously reported by The Times of Central Asia, a preliminary investigation into the incident revealed evidence of external impact on the aircraft's fuselage while it was approaching Grozny Airport before continuing to Aktau. Experts identified multiple perforations and non-penetrating damages of various shapes and sizes in the tail section, vertical stabilizer, horizontal stabilizer, elevator, and rudder. However, the final report on the crash has yet to be released. Lastayev also noted that inspections were conducted not only on airlines but also on major airports in Aktau, Astana, Almaty, Shymkent, Pavlodar, and Ust-Kamenogorsk. Assessing the response of Aktau Airport staff during the AZAL crash, he stated that their actions were carried out "at the highest level." Additionally, Lastayev highlighted staffing challenges in Kazakhstan’s civil aviation sector. Of the 1,500 pilots working for domestic airlines, 400 are foreign, as Kazakhstan is forced to rely on foreign personnel due to the lack of an EASA PART-FCL certification at the Almaty Academy of Civil Aviation. Kazakhstan's domestic air transport network is currently served by six airlines operating 56 routes. Each year, Kazakh airlines acquire approximately 10 to 15 new aircraft, with the national fleet now totaling 104 planes.

Incident

Seven Killed in Kazakhstan’s Latest Mining Tragedy

A rock collapse at the Zhomart mine in Kazakhstan’s Ulytau region has claimed the lives of seven miners, the press service of Kazakhmys, the mine’s owner, reported. The workers were trapped under the rubble, with preliminary findings suggesting a natural gas explosion as the cause. The incident occurred on Monday at the Zhomart mine, located 180 kilometers from Zhezkazgan, the administrative center of Ulytau region. The mine extracts copper-sulfide ore at a depth of 700 meters using underground mining methods, with an annual production capacity of 3.6 million tons of ore. Rescue efforts began immediately after the collapse, with more than 20 rescuers, seven units of specialized equipment, and canine teams deployed to the site. However, due to damaged communication cables, there was no contact with the trapped miners. By Tuesday morning, all seven bodies had been recovered and brought to the surface. Kazakhmys stated that while a natural gas explosion is uncharacteristic for its mines, it remains a possible cause of the collapse. “According to preliminary data, there was an explosion of natural gas, which is unusual for Kazakhmys Corporation’s mines. The circumstances and causes of the incident are being investigated,” the company said in a statement. The company has pledged financial support to the victims’ families, offering compensation amounting to ten times the employees’ average annual earnings, along with an additional 2 million tenge to cover funeral expenses. Following the incident, Prime Minister Olzhas Bektenov ordered the creation of a government commission to investigate the causes of the collapse. The commission is led by Deputy Prime Minister Kanat Bozumbayev. President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev expressed his condolences to the families of the deceased and instructed the government to conduct a thorough investigation. He also directed regional authorities and specialized agencies to provide full support to the victims’ families. This marks the second fatal accident at a Kazakhmys facility this year. In January, a worker died at the company’s East Zhezkazgan mine, and in October 2023, a carbon monoxide leak at the Sayak-3 mine resulted in the deaths of two miners who were not evacuated in time. Kazakhstan’s deadliest mining accidents, however, have been linked to ArcelorMittal Temirtau (AMT). The worst industrial disaster in the country’s post-independence history occurred on October 28, 2023, at the Kostenko mine, then owned by AMT. A fire and subsequent explosion at a depth of 700 meters resulted in the deaths of 46 miners. At the time of the accident, between 227 and 252 workers were underground, with 208 successfully evacuated. On Monday, Kazakhstan’s Prosecutor General Berik Asylov announced the completion of the investigation into the Kostenko disaster, with ten individuals facing trial under Article 277 of the Criminal Code for violating mining safety regulations. Investigators determined that the fire and explosion were caused by a mechanical spark igniting methane gas. As The Times of Central Asia previously reported, the Kostenko mine tragedy led to a shift in ownership of key coal and metallurgical assets in the Karaganda region. Indian billionaire Lakshmi Mittal was replaced by...

Mass Media

Japarov Backs Elon Musk’s Call to Shut Down Radio Liberty

Kyrgyz President Sadyr Japarov has expressed support for Elon Musk’s initiative to close U.S.-funded media outlets Voice of America and Radio Liberty. In an interview with the state news agency Kabar, Japarov suggested that Azattyk, the Kyrgyz branch of Radio Liberty, was no longer relevant in the digital age. “Twenty or thirty years ago, everyone waited for Azattyk, listened to it, believed it - because there was no internet or smartphones. Now, people do not need information from Azattyk. Everyone gets their news online. Besides, our people have learned to analyze information and not believe everything,” Japarov said. Azattyk’s Legal Battles in Kyrgyzstan Japarov accused Radio Liberty’s Kyrgyz service of frequently spreading unverified and harmful information. He noted that when state authorities took legal action, Azattyk journalists often removed the disputed material. In 2022, a Kyrgyz court suspended Azattyk’s license over its coverage of border clashes between Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. “If you sue them, they start shouting to the whole world: ‘Freedom of speech is dead in our country.’ Is this normal? Is spreading misleading information or manipulating the news freedom of speech? We should not confuse permissiveness with free speech or human rights. That’s why Trump and Musk’s decision should be supported,” Japarov said. At a national assembly in Bishkek last December, Japarov suggested that the U.S. State Department should provide funding directly to the Kyrgyz government, promising that Kyrgyzstan would then ensure democracy and human rights at the highest level. Political Analysts Weigh In Political analyst Bakyt Baketaev told The Times of Central Asia that while Radio Liberty – Azattyk is widely listened to in Kyrgyzstan, this does not necessarily mean broad public support for its narratives. “They mix solid journalism with unverified reports. They frequently take negative stories from the opposition - sometimes deliberately disrupting stability. Naturally, this affects the authorities’ perception of the outlet,” Baketaev said. He added that Azattyk’s closure would have a significant impact on pro-Western perspectives in Kyrgyzstan. “Modern geopolitics has shown that democracy, free speech, and human rights cannot be introduced overnight in other countries. Afghanistan is a clear example of this. Democratic values should be developed in coordination with the state,” Baketaev said. Despite the criticism, Baketaev acknowledged that Radio Liberty had successfully collaborated with the Kyrgyz government on ecology, public health, and women's rights issues.

Legislation

Kyrgyzstan Proposes Salary Cuts for Underperforming Officials

The Kyrgyz presidential administration is developing new mechanisms to penalize officials for repeated disciplinary offenses, including salary reductions and forfeiture of bonuses. The initiative, aimed at improving accountability in the civil service, was announced by Azamat Osmonov, Head of the Department of Control of Execution of Decisions of the President and Cabinet of Ministers. According to Osmonov, 56 civil servants were disciplined in 2024 for misconduct. Among them: 7 officials, including akims (local governors), their deputies, and senior government officials, were dismissed. 27 officials, including one minister, received reprimands. 22 officials faced additional disciplinary actions. The presidential administration and the Cabinet of Ministers are set to convene a board meeting to review the performance of state agency heads for 2024. “Unfortunately, current regulations allow the same official to be reprimanded repeatedly without serious consequences. We intend to change this practice: if an official has already been disciplined, a repeated offense should lead to dismissal,” Osmonov stated. In addition to stricter dismissal policies, the government is considering financial penalties as an alternative punishment. “We are introducing the monetization of disciplinary measures: after receiving a reprimand, an official will be ineligible for bonuses, and their salary will be reduced. This should create additional motivation to comply with discipline,” Osmonov explained. The proposed mechanism is currently under development and will be integrated into the Code of Administrative Violations. Kyrgyzstan already enforces financial penalties for civil servants who fail to meet deadlines for addressing citizens' appeals. The current fine stands at 100 calculation indices (a fixed monetary unit used for penalties and state fees). “We will further refine this approach by drafting new legal regulations to enhance officials' accountability and improve the quality of work within state institutions,” Osmonov added.

NGO

Kazakhstan Proposes Foreign Agents Law for NGOs and Media

Members of Kazakhstan’s parliament have proposed adopting a law on foreign agents, requiring media outlets and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that receive foreign funding to disclose their financial sources. The initiative, put forward by deputies from the People's Party of Kazakhstan (PPK), has sparked debate within the country’s political and expert circles. Push for Greater Transparency Irina Smirnova, a deputy from the PPK, a party that won 10 of the 98 seats in the 2023 parliamentary elections, publicly announced the proposal. The PPK is currently the third-largest political force in Kazakhstan, following AMANAT and Ak Zhol. Citing open-source data, Smirnova claimed that approximately 200 NGOs in Kazakhstan receive foreign funding, with around 70% of these organizations reportedly financed by sources from the United States. She added that, in an official capacity, Kazakhstan has received grants from 165 different foreign donors, including 53 international organizations, 31 foreign government entities, and 81 foreign NGOs. “Financial and material-technical assistance to Kazakhstani NGOs is also provided by other foreign structures, including embassies that are not listed among these donors,” Smirnova stated. According to her, much of this foreign support is directed toward projects related to media and freedom of speech, the protection of vulnerable groups, democracy promotion, civil society development, liberal reforms, and fostering civic engagement. “And even specialists cannot always determine which resources are friendly and where we must be cautious to avoid exposure to ‘destructive soft power,’” she said. “This is a problem and a challenge for our entire society.” As a solution, the PPK is calling for a reassessment of certain NGOs operating in what it describes as a “gray zone” and a revision of the regulations governing foreign donors in Kazakhstan. Following Global Trends Smirnova cited international examples of foreign agent laws, noting that similar regulations exist in Israel (since 2016), China (since 2017), Australia (since 2018), the United Kingdom (since 2023), and France (since 2024). She also pointed to the United States’ Foreign Agents Registration Act (FARA), enacted in 1938, as a model for regulating individuals and organizations acting in the interests of foreign entities. She argued that Kazakhstan should adopt a similar law, mandating foreign-funded media and NGOs to disclose their financial sources. The proposed legislation would also outline penalties for failing to comply with registration requirements or deviating from declared activities. At the same time, the PPK suggested introducing exemptions for humanitarian and scientific organizations that receive foreign funding. Expert Skepticism The proposal has received a lukewarm response from Kazakhstan’s political analysts. Analyst Islam Kurayev dismissed the idea, arguing that Kazakhstan’s existing legal framework already regulates foreign funding and foreign-affiliated entities. “MP Irina Smirnova has been in the [parliament, the Mazhilis] for several years and should be aware that such a law is unnecessary,” Kurayev wrote on his Telegram channel. “The reason is simple: Kazakhstan’s legislation already contains provisions regulating foreign financing and individuals connected to third countries. These regulations are embedded in various legal acts, meaning the necessary restrictions are already in place. There is no need...