Kyrgyz Language - The Times Of Central Asia

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Education

Kyrgyz School in Tajikistan Closes Due to Lack of Students

The only Kyrgyz-language school in the Tajik town of Kanibadam has been reorganized following a sharp decline in student enrollment. By the time it closed, only one student and one teacher remained. According to an order from the mayor of Kanibadam, School No. 28 in the village of Sanjizor was converted into a branch of School No. 41, located in the neighboring village of Jahonzeb. Authorities attributed the decision to the low number of students. Firuza Abduvokhidzoda, head of the town's education department, said the sole student and teacher were transferred to Boarding School No. 40. Previously, the school had just one third-grade student, taught by a single teacher who also served as principal. Regional authorities attribute the situation to population outflow. Gulsara Mirzozoda, head of the Sughd Region Education Department, said the number of students and teachers has significantly decreased in recent years due to migration to Kyrgyzstan. Despite the lack of students, the school’s support staff continued to work. The building has a capacity of 208 students. School No. 28 was founded in 1932. At various times, up to 500 students attended, and the curriculum included instruction in the Kyrgyz language alongside standard subjects. As recently as last year, the school had three students, but a further decline in enrollment made it impossible to continue operating in its previous format. Local authorities have also linked the situation to broader regional developments, including border tensions and security concerns. The town previously gained notoriety following a series of violent incidents. As previously reported by The Times of Central Asia, between March and December 2024, 23 people from seven families were killed in a wave of violence in the area. The killings began on the night of March 28-29, when five members of a single family were found dead in their home.

Culture

Experts Warn of Rights Violations in Kyrgyzstan’s Language Reform Push

The Jogorku Kenesh, Kyrgyzstan’s parliament, has adopted a sweeping package of 18 bills that overhaul the country’s language policy. The new measures significantly curtail the use of Russian, the official language, across key sectors including education, healthcare, the judiciary, and administrative processes. The legislation has drawn sharp criticism from both experts and the wider public. According to the government, the changes are necessary to align existing laws with the constitutional provisions on the state language, Kyrgyz. All 18 bills passed through parliament in a single session comprising three readings. They now await the signature of President Sadyr Japarov. Parliament Speaker Nurlanbek Turgunbek uulu emphasized the urgency of the reforms, warning that the Kyrgyz language is in a “dangerous” state. “Many of us have children and grandchildren who do not speak Kyrgyz. This is shameful. If we continue to neglect our state language, we risk losing our national identity,” he said. Sweeping Language Reforms The adopted laws stipulate that individuals who do not speak Kyrgyz will be barred from holding a wide range of public positions, including parliamentary seats, government posts, judicial and prosecutorial roles, and employment at the National Bank. The legislation mandates Kyrgyz-language proficiency exams for students at the point of admission and grade-level advancement in schools and kindergartens. Public signage, geographic names, and announcements must now appear in Kyrgyz first, with Russian and other languages allowed only as supplementary. All notarized contracts must be drafted in Kyrgyz, with translation into other languages permitted only when necessary. State institutions, including medical facilities, must maintain records exclusively in Kyrgyz. Mounting Concerns Some lawmakers have voiced concerns over the practicality of these reforms. The deputy Gulya Kozhokulova cautioned that insufficient development of medical terminology in Kyrgyz could jeopardize patient safety due to potential errors in diagnoses and prescriptions. MP Dastan Bekeshev highlighted risks to citizens unfamiliar with Kyrgyz when handling legally binding documents, such as loan agreements. Under the new regulations, initial violations of language norms will result in warnings, with repeat offenses drawing fines of up to 17,000 KGS (approximately $200). Public Backlash The legislation has triggered a wave of criticism on social media and among civil society groups. At a roundtable hosted by the Oi Ordo Center for Expert Initiatives, participants asserted that the measures infringe on the rights of at least 1.5 million citizens. An open letter urging President Japarov to reject the legislation was submitted by members of the public, academia, and Bishkek City Council. “Most of the amendments initiated by the National Commission on the State Language lack public backing and have sparked criticism for sharply limiting the use of Russian in socially vital sectors,” the letter stated. Expert Commentary Speaking to The Times of Central Asia, Igor Shestakov, director of the Oi Ordo Center, warned that the amendments contain internal contradictions and ultimately undermine the Kyrgyz language’s development. “These measures primarily restrict the use of Russian. If implemented, they will have far-reaching consequences for banking, legal services, and education, affecting daily life and bureaucratic procedures....

Kyrgyz Language

Kyrgyz Government Defends Russian Language Amid Push for Kyrgyz-Only Policies

Deputy Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan Edil Baisalov has publicly defended the role of the Russian language in the country’s education system, stating that fluency in Russian should become standard for all schoolchildren. Speaking to journalists in Bishkek, Baisalov rejected recent calls by members of parliament and the National Commission on the State Language to translate all scientific literature into Kyrgyz. He argued that access to educational and methodological materials in Russian and English broadens Kyrgyzstan’s academic and scientific opportunities. “It is important for us that every schoolchild knows Russian. This is necessary not only for internal communication, but also for access to global science, culture, and interaction with the outside world,” Baisalov said. “Of course, we will develop other languages as well, English, Chinese, Arabic, and Turkish. The more languages young people know, the better they will feel in the modern world.” His comments come amid a controversial push by the National Commission on the State Language to mandate Kyrgyz as the sole language of instruction at universities and impose fines on professionals, including civil servants, judges, lawyers, and teachers, who do not know Kyrgyz. A bill to this effect is currently under public review. Melis Murataliyev, head of the Commission, has cited the low level of Kyrgyz proficiency among civil servants as a major issue, pointing to frequent errors in official documents. The Commission claims that 70-80% of Kyrgyzstan’s universities currently use Russian as the primary language of instruction, a situation it argues must change. However, the proposals have drawn widespread criticism from the public and lawmakers. Some members of parliament have urged a more balanced approach. While Murataliyev has proposed revising legislation related to the status of Russian as an official language, Baisalov assured that the government has no intention of doing so.