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Turkmenistan and Iraq Sign Gas Deal for Seasonal Supply via Iran

On October 19, representatives from Turkmenistan and Iraq signed a significant gas agreement in Baghdad. Under the deal, Iraq will import up to 20 million cubic meters of gas daily, with deliveries routed through Iran via a swap arrangement. The Iraqi government has expressed its intention to begin implementing the contract soon. The contract shows that Turkmenistan delivers 10 million cubic meters of fuel to Iraq in winter and 20 million cubic meters in summer. Iraqi Electricity Minister Ali Fadel noted that the contract compensates for the same amount of gas in the event of supply problems. Iraq faces severe energy shortages and unstable supplies from Iran. Problems include its debt and difficulties making payments to Iran, which is under US sanctions. Supply from Turkmenistan is expected to moderate this dynamic. In parallel, Iraq plans to sign contracts with other suppliers and invest in its gas projects. Turkmenistan is also China's gas supplier and was the largest supplier to China in the first half of 2024, exporting gas worth $5.67 billion. During a recent visit to Iran, Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov, the former president of Turkmenistan and current chairman of the People’s Council (Halk Maslahaty), announced plans to increase gas supplies to Iran to 40 billion cubic meters annually, further solidifying Turkmenistan’s role as a major energy provider in the region.

Energy Security Natural gas International investment Bilateral Relations Afghanistan

Uzbek Company to Invest $1 Billion in Afghanistan’s Energy Sector

On October 10, the Ministry of Mines and Oil of Afghanistan signed a contract with a Uzbek company to implement gas exploration and production in the Tuti Maidan gas field in the Jawzjan province of northern Afghanistan. The contract will be valid for ten years, during which about one billion dollars will be invested in Jawzjan's gas sector. The Minister of Mines and Oil of Afghanistan, Hidayatullah Badri, stated that gas reserves in Tuti Maidan cover an area of approximately 7,000 square kilometers and emphasizing its importance, said that the initiative is expected to significantly meet the country’s energy needs, increase national income, and create new jobs. According to Badri, “In the first two years, the mentioned company will produce 100 megawatts of electricity from gas, which is a positive step towards increasing electricity supply.” In turn, Ismatilla Ergashev, Uzbekistan’s special representative for Afghanistan, noted that his country's investment in Afghanistan is crucial for improving economic conditions and creating jobs, saying, “We aim to implement Afghanistan’s economic potential to create jobs for millions of Afghans. Our goal is Afghanistan's economic revival and improving people's lives.” Following the United Nations General Assembly in September, during which Uzbekistan’s Foreign Minister Bakhtiyor Saidov emphasized that Afghanistan is a crucial part of Central Asia, and solving the Afghan issue is vital for the region’s stability and sustainable development, the minister held a meeting on October 9, with Abdul Ghafar Terawi, the new head of Afghanistan’s diplomatic mission in Tashkent. Previously, the issue of Afghan military aircraft remaining in Uzbekistan had caused protest from the Taliban.

US Environment Natural gas Methane Reduction US Embassy greenhouse gas global warming

United States Supports Uzbekistan’s Methane Reduction Efforts

The U.S. Embassy in Uzbekistan reports that a joint project between GasGreen Asia LLC, a subsidiary of Maryland-based Climate Compass, and Uzbekistan’s national gas distribution company, Hududgazta’minot JSC, has been engaged in detecting and repairing natural gas leaks within the country’s national gas distribution system. This project contributes to the country’s green economy transition and commitments under the Global Methane Pledge. Climate Compass, LLC is a world leader in providing logistical and technical services for greenhouse gas emissions reduction projects. A Korean carbon finance company, Ecoeye Co., Ltd., is the principal investor of the project, which began in March 2023. Since the project’s inception, over 50,000 individual methane leaks have been identified, measured, and repaired, reducing over seven million tons of carbon dioxide equivalent emissions per year. The project has created more than 200 local jobs, including engineers, data specialists, and project managers, who received intensive training from American technical experts. The repairs have generated tens of millions of dollars in savings for Hududgazta’minot by preventing gas losses and contributing to significant environmental benefits. At the September 24 event highlighting the project’s significant achievements, U.S. Ambassador to Uzbekistan Jonathan Henick said: “The United States welcomes Uzbekistan’s commitment to a broad-based transition to a green economy. This project supports Uzbekistan’s efforts to attract foreign direct investment while reducing greenhouse gas emissions.” According to Henick, the United States strongly supported Uzbekistan’s decision to join the Global Methane Pledge in 2022, an initiative to reduce methane emissions worldwide. Methane reduction is critical to Uzbekistan’s efforts to meet its nationally determined contributions under the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. According to the United Nations Environment Program, methane emissions have accounted for approximately 30 percent of global warming and are an increasingly growing challenge. According to the “Methane in Central Asia: Emissions, Trends, Actions” report, Uzbekistan’s annual greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions remained largely stable and declined slightly over the past 15 years, ranging between 180 and 200 million tons of CO2-equivalent or 5 tons per person. The report says the country’s energy sector is responsible for 75–80 percent of GHG emissions, including 50 percent from fuel combustion and 25–30 percent from methane leaks in the coal, oil, and gas sectors, the equivalent of 50 million tons of CO2. Uzbekistan has successfully decoupled GHG emissions from economic growth and intends to reduce the specific GHG emissions per GDP by 35 percent by 2030 compared to the 2010 level.

Export/Import Oil and Gas Export of Natural Gas Natural gas Gazprom Russian gas Gasprom

Russia’s Gazprom Doubles Gas Supply to Central Asia

As reported by TASS, the head of Gazprom, Alexey Miller, announced that from January to August 2024, the company doubled its gas supply to Central Asia. According to Miller, the rapid economic and social development of the republics has opened up significant new opportunities for Gazprom, with gas supplies to Uzbekistan now at the highest possible level. "For example, the gas supply applications we submit for Uzbekistan are currently being fulfilled through the Central Asia Center gas pipeline at the maximum technical capacity, equivalent to the levels used during the winter season. This is the same level of supply we provided to Uzbekistan last winter when they experienced unusually cold weather,” stated Miller. Citing the fact that Kyrgyzstan’s gasification rate has doubled and continues to grow, he explained, “A lot of work has been done to reconstruct the gas transportation system of Kyrgyzstan. New gas transportation facilities have been built. But what is also important is Gazprom Kyrgyzstan has implemented socially significant projects in Kyrgyzstan, as is customary at Gazprom.” The Times of Central Asia previously reported that in June, Gazprom signed agreements for gas supplies to Kyrgyzstan and with Kazakhstan on the transit of Russian gas in the direction of Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan for the period 2025-2040. To ensure transit, a specially designated route based on the Central Asia–Center gas pipeline system will be expanded and implemented. In June 2023, Uzbekistan signed a two-year gas purchase agreement with Gazprom. Daily supplies amount to 9 million cubic meters, and annual supplies amount to almost 2.8 billion cubic meters. Supplies under this agreement began on October 7, 2023.

Gas Natural gas Export of Natural Gas Oil and Gas Iran Energy

Turkmenistan and Iran to Expand Cooperation in Natural Gas and Transport

On August 28, the chairman of the Halk Maslahaty (People’s Council) of Turkmenistan, the country's former president Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov, visited Iran and held talks with the Iranian president Masoud Pezeshkian. Iran’s Press TV news agency quoted Pezeshkian as describing four memorandums of understanding signed during Berdimuhamedov’s visit as “strategic,” saying that a document signed between Iran's state gas companies and Turkmenistan will turn Iran into a regional gas transfer hub. No details of the document have been released. Turkmen media reported that Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov proposed implementing joint projects with Iranian companies to increase the volume of gas supply to Iran to 40 billion cubic meters per year. The Turkmen side also reported that the talks in Tehran discussed exporting Turkmen electricity to Iran. Concerning cooperation in the transport sector, Berdimuhamedov urged increasing cargo transportation along the Kazakhstan-Turkmenistan-Iran railway route, while the Iranian president proposed increasing cargo flows along the Armenia-Iran-Turkmenistan-Kazakhstan route. Turkmenistan and Iran have agreed to start negotiations for a comprehensive deal on transportation issues. The talks, expected to kick off next month, will be part of an intergovernmental committee chaired by Iran’s transportation minister.

Natural gas Export of Natural Gas Oil and Gas

Turkmenistan Surpasses Russia in Gas Exports to China

Turkmenistan now ranks ahead of Russia in terms of revenue from gas supplies to China. It is being reported that the country became the largest gas supplier to China in the first half of 2024, exporting gas worth $5.67 billion. Russia is now in second place with a trade of $4.69 billion. At the same time, the chairman of the Halk Maslahaty (People’s Council) of Turkmenistan, the former president Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov, said during his recent visit to Iran that Turkmenistan plans to increase the volume of gas supplies to Iran to 40 billion cubic meters per year. Two gas compressor stations and a 125-kilometer-long gas pipeline are being planned in Turkmenistan. This will allow Iran to supply additional volumes to the “Çaloýuk” gas measuring station. In addition, Turkmen gas will soon be exported to Iraq and Turkey under the SWAP scheme. Although many countries are interested in Turkmenistan’s gas, the nation still struggles to organize an adequate supply to the domestic market.