Our People > Dmitry Pokidaev

Dmitry Pokidaev

Journalist

Dmitry Pokidaev is a journalist based in Astana, Kazakhstan, with experience at some of the country's top media outlets. Before his career in journalism, Pokidaev worked as an academic, teaching Russian language and literature.

Articles

Stalking

Kazakhstan Considers Tougher Penalties for Repeat Stalking Offenses

Kazakhstan is considering prison terms of up to five years for repeat stalking offenders under proposed amendments discussed in the Majilis, the lower house of parliament. Criminal liability for stalking, defined as repeated unwanted attempts to establish contact with or track a person against their will, was introduced in Kazakhstan in 2025. Current penalties include a fine of up to 200 times the monthly calculation index, corrective labor in the same amount, community service of up to 200 hours, or arrest for up to 50 days. If stalking is accompanied by violence, threats, blackmail, or privacy violations, offenders may face additional charges under other provisions of the Criminal Code, carrying prison terms of up to two years. Speaking at the parliamentary roundtable, Amangeldy Doszhanov, deputy head of the Interior Ministry’s Investigative Department, said authorities have opened 274 criminal cases since the law entered into force. Of those, 83 have been sent to court and 59 have resulted in convictions. Participants in the discussion argued that the current legislation does not adequately distinguish between isolated incidents and prolonged, systematic harassment. "The same punishment currently applies both to one-off cases of unwanted communication and to systematic stalking," said Assel Tokayeva, a member of the Astana Bar Association and chair of the disciplinary commission of Kazakhstan’s National Bar Association. Deputy Interior Minister Sanzhar Adilov said law enforcement agencies had encountered cases in which individuals convicted of stalking resumed their behavior after serving their sentences. "We are currently considering amendments to Article 115-1 of the Criminal Code," Adilov told lawmakers. "We propose introducing repeat offending as an aggravating factor and strengthening criminal liability." Under the proposed changes, repeat stalking offenses would be classified as crimes of medium gravity and could carry prison sentences of up to five years. The roundtable also reviewed measures aimed at preventing violence against women and expanding protections for victims of domestic abuse. According to Adilov, courts have prohibited 49 domestic abusers from approaching their victims since the beginning of the year, while special behavioral restrictions have been imposed on 9,200 offenders. More than 8,300 of them have been banned from consuming alcohol. The Interior Ministry reported that more than 41,000 people have been held administratively liable in domestic violence-related cases this year, while more than 11,000 offenders have received administrative arrest sentences. More than 10,000 people have also been punished for violating court-imposed restrictions and ordered to undergo mandatory psychological correction programs. Kazakhstan is not alone in expanding legal protections against stalking. As The Times of Central Asia previously reported, neighboring Kyrgyzstan moved earlier this year to introduce criminal liability for stalking as part of wider efforts to address gender-based violence.

1 week ago

Locust Control

Kazakhstan and China Test Biological Locust Control Agent

Scientists from Kazakhstan and China have completed field trials of a new biological pesticide designed to combat Moroccan locust infestations, offering a possible lower-impact alternative to conventional chemical insecticides. The trials took place in Kazakhstan’s southern Turkestan Region and showed the effectiveness of a biocontrol agent based on the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae, according to Kazakhstan’s Ministry of Agriculture. The research was conducted as part of a joint international project focused on developing and demonstrating fungal technologies for preventing and controlling locust outbreaks in transboundary breeding areas. The project involved specialists from Kazakhstan’s Zhazken Zhiembayev Kazakh Research Institute of Plant Protection and Quarantine and researchers from the Institute of Plant Protection of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Field testing was carried out on pastureland in the Kazygurt district of Turkestan Region, where researchers monitored the effect of the fungal preparation on populations of Moroccan locusts (Dociostaurus maroccanus), one of the most destructive agricultural pests in Central Asia. To assess effectiveness, treated insects were placed in field cages containing 20 individuals each. Control groups were established 24 hours after application, and researchers monitored mortality rates daily throughout the trial period. According to the Ministry of Agriculture, the first signs of fungal infection appeared three days after treatment. Mortality rates reached 70-80% by the fifth day, and by the ninth day all locusts in the experimental groups had died. Moroccan locusts are considered among the most dangerous migratory pests in the region, capable of causing extensive damage to pastureland and agricultural crops. Kazakhstan’s Ministry of Agriculture said the results highlight the potential of biological crop protection methods as part of broader efforts to reduce the environmental impact of agricultural pest control. Researchers said the successful trial demonstrated the effectiveness of entomopathogenic fungi in suppressing locust populations without the additional ecological risks associated with large-scale chemical spraying. The next phase of the project will involve wider testing in different climatic zones across Kazakhstan, as well as practical recommendations for incorporating the technology into national locust monitoring and control systems. Locust infestations remain a major agricultural challenge across Central Asia. Last year, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan agreed to expand regional cooperation on locust outbreaks. Kazakhstan has also pursued similar work with Russia and China to coordinate monitoring and pest-control measures across borders.

1 week ago

Tourism

Kazakhstan’s Tourism Industry Generated More Than $1.3 Billion in Tax Revenue in 2025

Kazakhstan’s tourism sector generated more than $1.3 billion in tax revenue in 2025, an 18% increase from the previous year, as foreign visitor spending and investment in the industry continued to grow, Tourism and Sports Minister Yerbol Myrzabosynov said. Speaking at a government meeting, Myrzabosynov said foreign tourists spent approximately $2.9 billion in Kazakhstan last year, while investment in the tourism sector rose by 33% to reach $2.74 billion. The figures highlight the growing importance of tourism to Kazakhstan’s economy as authorities seek to diversify sources of growth beyond the country’s traditional resource sectors. Ecotourism was among the fastest-growing segments of the industry. Kazakhstan’s national parks attracted 3.7 million visitors in 2025, up from 2.8 million a year earlier. To manage increasing visitor numbers and protect natural ecosystems, the government updated national ecotourism standards last year and plans further investment in park infrastructure, hiking trails, and tourism routes. Medical tourism has also emerged as a strategic growth area. According to Myrzabosynov, Kazakhstan received approximately 80,000 foreign patients in 2025, benefiting from comparatively affordable healthcare services and growing international recognition of local medical facilities. Ten healthcare institutions in Kazakhstan currently hold Joint Commission International accreditation, and authorities are preparing a roadmap for the development of medical tourism for 2026-2028. Business and conference tourism is another priority sector. The minister said Kazakhstan hosted 13 major international events in 2025, generating approximately $18 million in economic activity. However, he noted that infrastructure limitations continue to constrain growth, particularly in Almaty, the country’s largest commercial center. “Almaty needs a modern international-standard convention and exhibition complex,” Myrzabosynov said, calling for a decision on the project to support further expansion of the meetings and events industry. The government is also seeking to expand tourism linked to the Baikonur Cosmodrome, one of the world’s most historic space launch facilities. Under a recently approved development concept, processing times for permits required by foreign visitors have been reduced to 10 days, making access easier for tour operators and tourists interested in both rocket launches and regular visits to the complex. Visitor numbers to Baikonur increased from 5,200 in 2024 to 7,600 in 2025, according to the ministry. Myrzabosynov said several facilities transferred to Kazakhstan’s control, including Gagarin’s Start, the launch pad used for Yuri Gagarin’s 1961 flight, a fueling and assembly complex, and a dynamic testing facility, have significant tourism potential but require modernization and substantial investment. He also emphasized the importance of developing year-round event tourism at Baikonur to attract visitors between launches and improve use of existing infrastructure. As Kazakhstan expands its tourism offerings, authorities are also looking to develop niche segments of the market. Earlier, the Ministry of Tourism and Sports said it expects the number of foreign gambling tourists visiting the country to double following the opening of new casino facilities in four regions of Kazakhstan.

1 week ago

Court Cases

Kazakhstan Justice Reform Sees Citizens Winning More Cases Against State Bodies

In a boost for proponents of justice reform in Kazakhstan, citizens and businesses are now winning more than half of administrative court cases against government agencies. President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev said, citing what he described as the growing impact of the country’s administrative justice reforms. Speaking at an Astana forum entitled Administrative Justice and Its Role in Ensuring the Rule of Law, Tokayev said the introduction of administrative courts had significantly improved citizens’ ability to challenge government decisions and defend their rights. “It must be acknowledged that in the past it was far more difficult for citizens to challenge the actions of government agencies and protect their rights,” he said. “With the introduction of administrative justice, the situation has changed fundamentally.” In a separate statement, Supreme Court Chairman Aslambek Mergaliyev, noted that the share of cases won by citizens and businesses against state bodies has risen from 15% to nearly 60% over the past five years. “Behind these figures are removed administrative barriers and restored rights for individual citizens, entrepreneurs and investors,” Mergaliyev told participants at the forum. The president noted that under the current system, government bodies are legally required to demonstrate the legality of their decisions and actions, while courts place greater emphasis on evidence gathering and procedural fairness. Tokayev said those changes had helped challenge the longstanding perception that courts usually side with the authorities. “This is a concrete result of administrative justice reforms,” he said. According to Supreme Court Chairman Aslambek Mergaliyev, citizens’ success rate in administrative cases has risen from 15% to nearly 60% over the past five years. Tokayev said Kazakhstan’s next objective is to move beyond resolving disputes after they arise and instead focus on managing legal and administrative risks before conflicts reach the courts. As part of that effort, he highlighted the government’s use of the eOtinish digital platform, which allows citizens and legal entities to submit complaints, appeals, information requests and suggestions to state bodies electronically. According to the president, nearly 16 million submissions have been filed through the platform over the past five years. He said authorities must now ensure greater consistency in administrative decisions at both national and local levels to prevent recurring disputes over the same issues. Tokayev paid particular attention to investor-related disputes, noting that courts rule in favor of investors in up to 80% of such cases. “In meetings with domestic and foreign investors, I consistently stress that the government and business community must engage constructively, openly discuss problems and jointly seek solutions,” he said. At the same time, he added that any compromise reached between officials and investors must remain fully consistent with the law. The remarks come as Kazakhstan seeks to link legal reform more closely to its investment agenda. The government has set a target of attracting $62.7 billion in total investment in 2026, including $25.5 billion in foreign capital, while also transferring the investment ombudsman role to the Prosecutor General and creating a Committee for the Protection of Investors’ Rights. That said, the administrative...

1 week ago

Monetary Policy

Kazakhstan Central Bank Chief Sees No Pressure on Tenge After Rate Cut

Kazakhstan’s central bank governor has sought to calm concerns over the tenge after the National Bank cut its base rate for the first time since October 2025, saying demand for local-currency assets should remain stable despite lower returns. The National Bank of Kazakhstan lowered its base rate to 17% from 18% on June 5, citing slowing inflation and an improved economic outlook. The decision was based on updated assessments of inflation risks and key macroeconomic indicators, the bank said. Annual inflation slowed to 10.4% in May from a peak of 12.9% recorded in September last year. The central bank also raised its oil price assumption for the remainder of 2026 to $90 per barrel for Brent crude. National Bank Governor Timur Suleimenov said the rate cut would lower returns on tenge-denominated deposits but would not trigger a significant shift into foreign-currency assets. “Interest rates on tenge deposits remain substantially higher than returns on foreign-currency deposits,” Suleimenov told reporters. “A one-percentage-point reduction will not fundamentally change the attractiveness of deposits or other tenge-denominated assets such as corporate bonds and government securities.” Suleimenov said demand for local-currency assets is expected to remain stable, limiting pressure on the exchange rate. He acknowledged that the tenge could face seasonal pressure during the summer because of increased demand for foreign currency linked to overseas travel and dividend payments by Kazakhstani companies listed on international exchanges. However, he said Kazakhstan’s economic fundamentals remain supportive of the national currency. “Oil prices are rising, while metal prices have increased by an average of around 17%, with some commodities gaining as much as 40%,” Suleimenov said. “If there are no major external shocks, I see no reason for any significant weakening of the tenge.” The central bank also revised its inflation forecast for 2026 downward to a range of 9%-11%, compared with a previous estimate of 9.5%-11.5%. Its inflation forecast for 2027 remains unchanged at 5.5%-7.5%. Suleimenov said the bank expects inflation to approach its long-term target of 5% by 2028 as external inflationary pressures ease and government and central bank measures take effect. “The slowdown in inflation during April and May gave us room to lower the base rate,” he said. “But it would be premature to say inflation has been defeated. Future decisions will depend on incoming data and our assessment of risks.” The official exchange rate stood at 487.4 tenge per U.S. dollar on June 7. The outlook remains cautious. As previously reported by The Times of Central Asia, S&P Global Ratings forecast that the tenge would average around 540 per dollar in 2026, reflecting expectations of a weaker currency over the medium term.

1 week ago

Middle Corridor

Kazakhstan Eyes Cyprus as Middle Corridor Link to Mediterranean

Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev has invited Cyprus to participate in the development of the Trans-Caspian International Transport Route, seeking to strengthen trade links between Central Asia and the Mediterranean through one of Eurasia’s fastest-growing trade routes. The proposal was made during talks with Cypriot President Nikos Christodoulides, who paid an official visit to Kazakhstan. The TITR, also known as the Middle Corridor, connects China and Europe through Kazakhstan, the Caspian Sea, the South Caucasus, and Turkey. The route is approximately 3,000 kilometers shorter than the traditional northern route through Russia and currently allows cargo to travel from China to Europe in 10 to 15 days, compared with roughly twice that time via the northern corridor and up to 60 days by sea. “Cyprus is a world-class maritime hub, and the Middle Corridor creates significant opportunities to effectively connect Kazakhstan’s land transport infrastructure with Cyprus’s maritime infrastructure,” Tokayev said during a joint press briefing following the talks. According to Tokayev, such cooperation could help establish a new multimodal logistics network linking Central Asia, the Caspian region, and the Mediterranean while supporting growth in bilateral trade. The two leaders discussed expanding trade and investment ties, as well as strengthening business cooperation between the two countries. Tokayev said he had proposed developing a roadmap for bilateral economic cooperation and establishing an intergovernmental commission and business council to facilitate joint projects and increase commercial exchanges. He identified logistics, finance, tourism, and digital technologies as key areas for future cooperation, adding that Cyprus has expressed interest in Kazakhstan’s e-government platform and digital public services. Kazakhstan, he said, is ready to share its experience in those areas. More than 400 companies with Cypriot capital currently operate in Kazakhstan, including around 30 registered with the Astana International Financial Centre, according to Tokayev. Kazakhstan is prepared to create favorable conditions for Cypriot businesses interested in entering its market, he added. Speaking at a Kazakhstan-Cyprus business forum following the presidential talks, Prime Minister Olzhas Bektenov said Cyprus had invested more than $5 billion in Kazakhstan since 2005, with nearly half of that amount invested during the past five years. Bektenov said both countries occupy strategic positions along trade routes linking Europe and Asia. He suggested Cyprus could serve as a regional logistics hub in the eastern Mediterranean, complementing Kazakhstan’s role as a transit gateway between China and Europe. He also highlighted new direct flights between Astana and Larnaca, which began on June 2, and Almaty and Larnaca, which began on June 4, saying the routes would improve passenger travel and cargo links. The visit also carries a wider diplomatic context as it coincided with the inauguration of Cyprus’s embassy in Astana, its first in Central Asia, and comes amid continued sensitivity in Turkey over the Cyprus issue. Ankara has denied reports that Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan canceled a planned visit to Kazakhstan because of Christodoulides’ trip. The episode follows Tokayev’s recent effort to describe the Organization of Turkic States as a forum for cooperation rather than a military alliance,...

2 weeks ago

Data Centers

Financial Analyst Says Kazakhstan’s State Data Centers Are Priced Beyond Reach of Businesses

The cost of services offered by state-backed data centers in Kazakhstan is too high for many businesses, making overseas cloud providers a more economical alternative, financial analyst Rasul Rysmambetov said. His comments come as Kazakhstan invests heavily in digital infrastructure and artificial intelligence technologies. Last year, the country launched what authorities described as Central Asia’s most powerful supercomputer, saying its capacity would be made available to startups, universities, and private companies developing AI solutions. The government has also announced plans to create a Data Center Valley in the northeastern Pavlodar Region to support the digitalization of the economy. However, Rysmambetov argued that the pricing of state-supported data centers limits their appeal to the private sector. “A real digital economy is built on microservices, not giant buildings filled with computers,” Rysmambetov told the Atameken Business Forum. “Data centers depreciate at a tremendous pace. Today, state data centers in Kazakhstan charge prices so high that, as a financier, it is far cheaper and easier for me to buy cloud capacity directly in California.” Rysmambetov said that despite economic growth and rising foreign investment, many Kazakhstanis have yet to see significant improvements in living standards. In his view, the key challenge is not attracting investment but converting it into jobs and productive industries. He also argued that traditional investment incentives are losing effectiveness. “Tax breaks, subsidies, and state support measures no longer create a competitive advantage. Instead, they often generate a dangerous environment for corruption,” he said. “What matters today is the quality of institutions and the speed of decision-making.” According to Rysmambetov, Kazakhstan’s investor support system remains fragmented, with multiple agencies performing overlapping functions while coordination between central and regional authorities remains weak. As a result, some government directives are not implemented locally, requiring intervention by prosecutors to protect investors’ rights. Rysmambetov identified rare earth metals and tungsten as among the sectors attracting the greatest investor interest. However, he warned that Kazakhstan risks repeating the resource-dependent model that characterized its oil industry if it focuses primarily on exporting raw materials rather than developing domestic processing industries. “Foreign investors do not create growth, they join it,” he said. “Investors see a functioning economic model, recognize an opportunity, and participate in it. But if we ourselves do not believe in our development strategy, nobody from outside will come.” Kazakhstan aims to attract $62.7 billion in investment this year, including $25.5 billion from foreign investors, as part of its economic development strategy.

2 weeks ago

Law and Order

Tokayev Criticizes Lawmakers Over “Penaltystan” Label for Kazakhstan

Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev has criticized lawmakers who have referred to Kazakhstan as “Penaltystan,” or “Aiyppulstan” in Kazakh, over what critics describe as the state’s excessive reliance on fines and administrative penalties. Speaking at a meeting on the development of Alatau City, Kazakhstan’s planned smart city near Almaty, Tokayev argued that maintaining public order and security is essential at a time of growing international instability and military conflicts around the world. “In today’s turbulent environment, amid military conflicts around the world, peace and stability are vital for our country,” Tokayev said. “Without them, there can be no reforms or positive changes. Therefore, law-enforcement agencies must apply strict measures and penalties for violations.” The president then took aim at critics of the government’s law-and-order policies. “Some individuals who dislike and hold our country in contempt, and unfortunately there are members of parliament among them, call our legal measures ‘Penaltystan’ or ‘Aiyppulstan,’” Tokayev said. “Let them continue to demonstrate the limitations of their judgment. Our people need public order and security. We will not deviate from this path and will continue to pursue the policy of ‘Law and Order’ with determination. This is what our citizens demand.” The term “Penaltystan” is widely associated with Azat Peruashev, a member of the Mazhilis, the lower house of Kazakhstan’s parliament, and leader of the Ak Zhol faction. Peruashev used the phrase in 2024 during debates over amendments to Kazakhstan’s Administrative Offenses Code. At the time, he criticized what he described as disproportionately high penalties imposed on businesses for relatively minor violations. “I am ashamed of you, gentlemen officials,” Peruashev said at the time. “Leave your comfortable offices at least once and put yourselves in the position of an entrepreneur or even a consumer. You are building some kind of ‘Penaltystan.’ The Ak Zhol faction wants to build a normal and balanced market economy.” Earlier this year, Peruashev acknowledged that he had used an unfortunate term. Following Tokayev’s remarks, he again distanced himself from the expression, saying his characterization had been incorrect. The exchange comes during a period of political change in Kazakhstan. As The Times of Central Asia previously reported, voters approved constitutional reforms in March that will replace the current bicameral parliament with a single-chamber Kurultai. Elections to the new body are scheduled for August. Tokayev’s comments underline a continuing debate in Kazakhstan over law-and-order enforcement, and whether heavy administrative penalties place an undue burden on citizens and entrepreneurs.

2 weeks ago

Alatau City

Tokayev Calls for Greater Role for Kazakhstani Businesses in Alatau City Development

Kazakhstani entrepreneurs must become full participants in the development of Alatau City, the country’s flagship smart city project, alongside foreign investors, Kazakhstan’s president Kassym-Jomart Tokayev said. He made the remarks during a meeting on the future of what is envisioned as Kazakhstan’s first fully digital city. In 2024, Tokayev signed a decree granting city status to Zhetygen village, located approximately 50 kilometers from Almaty, Kazakhstan’s largest city. Alatau City incorporates Zhetygen as well as the settlements of Enbek, Zhanaarna, and Kuigan, along with parts of Konaev and Talgar district in Almaty Region. The project is designed as a smart city comprising four distinct zones: the Gate District, a financial and business center; the Golden District, focused on education and healthcare; the Growing District, dedicated to industrial and logistics facilities; and the Green District, intended for recreation and entertainment. Speaking at the June 2 meeting in Almaty, Tokayev said more than 50 investment projects had already been identified for Alatau City, with a combined value of approximately $4 billion and the potential to create more than 50,000 jobs. He called for the portfolio to be expanded in the next one or two years by attracting investors to priority sectors. Domestic businesses, he said, must become “full participants in the city’s development rather than mere observers.” Tokayev cited Shenzhen and special legal regimes in Hainan, Dubai, and Singapore as examples of places where governments played an early role by building core infrastructure. That approach, he added, reduces risks for businesses, creates predictable conditions for private capital, and can generate a cycle in which public infrastructure investment attracts private capital and future tax revenues. The president warned that shifting the burden of initial infrastructure investment to the private sector can reduce a project’s appeal and lead to monopolistic structures with excessive tariffs. He instructed the government to ensure stable financing for Alatau City’s core infrastructure during the initial stage and said the city could be given additional borrowing limits and authority to undertake government borrowing until it develops a sustainable revenue base. Budget funds, he said, must be used strictly for investment purposes and linked to the city’s long-term development. Tokayev directed investment toward priority sectors including information technology, industry, transport and logistics, tourism, healthcare, and education. To create a favorable investment climate, he instructed officials to follow international standards, especially in areas where national regulations lag behind global practice. He identified Alatau City as a strategic platform for the rapid development of digital assets and a new financial architecture for Kazakhstan. Additionally, he called for the quick removal of excessive barriers in the sector and the introduction of new financial instruments. These would include a clear legal status for digital assets, recognition of crypto assets as property, and the use of the digital tenge within the new system. Tokayev also proposed a zero tax rate on digital asset transactions and capital gains generated within the jurisdiction, as well as faster work to tokenize real-sector assets, including real estate, infrastructure projects, and natural...

2 weeks ago

Brain Institute

Kazakhstan Opens Central Asia’s First Brain Research Institute

Kazakhstan has opened Central Asia’s first specialized Brain Institute, a new research and education center focused on neuroscience, brain health, and artificial intelligence-assisted medical research, officials said. The institute was launched at Al-Farabi Kazakh National University (KazNU) in Almaty and is the first facility of its kind in Kazakhstan and the wider Central Asian region. The center builds on KazNU’s Cognitive Neuroscience Center, established in 2018, and is intended to expand research into brain development, neurological disorders, cognition, and multilingualism, while training a new generation of neuroscience specialists. Research at the institute will use advanced equipment, including a 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging scanner, high-density electroencephalography systems, functional near-infrared spectroscopy technology, and AI and big data analytics tools. Led by Professor Almira Kustubayeva, the institute brings together laboratories specializing in cognitive, behavioral, and computational neuroscience, as well as neurolinguistics. Its research areas will include brain development, neurodegenerative diseases, decision-making, emotional regulation, and the neurological aspects of multilingualism. Scientists at the institute also plan to develop new diagnostic and predictive biomarkers that could improve the detection and treatment of neurological and cognitive disorders. The opening coincided with the 80th anniversary of Kazakhstan’s National Academy of Sciences (NAS) and is part of the government’s push to develop the country’s scientific and technological capacity. Speaking at the launch ceremony, KazNU rector Zhanseit Tuimebayev said the development of science and innovation had been identified as a national priority by President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev. NAS president Akylbek Kurishbayev described the project as an example of cooperation between academic and scientific institutions aimed at developing Kazakhstan’s research base. Kazakhstan has increased investment in scientific research and medical innovation in recent years. Earlier this year, researchers at the Kazakh Research Institute of Processing and Food Industry announced work on an antioxidant dietary supplement intended to help prevent cancer and cardiovascular disease. Last year, surgeons from Kazakhstan carried out Uzbekistan’s first robot-assisted joint replacement procedures using the MAKO robotic surgical platform. President Tokayev has also announced plans to establish two science cities in Almaty and Kurchatov as part of efforts to develop nuclear energy, nuclear medicine, and advanced scientific research.

2 weeks ago

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