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Turkmenistan now ranks ahead of Russia in terms of revenue from gas supplies to China. It is being reported that the country became the largest gas supplier to China in the first half of 2024, exporting gas worth $5.67 billion. Russia is now in second place with a trade of $4.69 billion. At the same time, the chairman of the Halk Maslahaty (People’s Council) of Turkmenistan, the former president Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov, said during his recent visit to Iran that Turkmenistan plans to increase the volume of gas supplies to Iran to 40 billion cubic meters per year. Two gas compressor stations and a 125-kilometer-long gas pipeline are being planned in Turkmenistan. This will allow Iran to supply additional volumes to the “Çaloýuk” gas measuring station. In addition, Turkmen gas will soon be exported to Iraq and Turkey under the SWAP scheme. Although many countries are interested in Turkmenistan’s gas, the nation still struggles to organize an adequate supply to the domestic market.
From 1-3 July, Turkmenistan and Iran engaged in negotiations on the supply of natural gas. Reporting on the meeting in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan’s Foreign Ministry announced that a contract had been signed for the purchase and sale of natural gas of up to 10 billion cubic meters per year, to be supplied by Turkmenistan to Iraq through the territory of Iran under a swap scheme. According to the ministry’s statement, to accommodate increased supplies of gas, Iranian companies will also build a new 125-kilometer pipeline and three gas compressor stations in Turkmenistan. Under the new contract, the volume of Turkmen gas supplied to Iran along the Dovletabad – Sarahs – Hangeran route and through the Chaloyuk gas measuring station, will rise to 40 billion cubic meters per year. Despite being home to the world's second-largest natural gas reserves, Iran has experienced chronic natural gas shortages during the winter months, and rising domestic demand has limited the country’s ability to export gas. As a result of the gas swap with Turkmenistan, Iran will be able to meet its gas export commitments. Turkmenistan has the world’s fourth-largest proven natural gas reserves, but due to its geographical location and geopolitical environment, has faced difficulties in finding export markets for its gas. Today, China is the main buyer of Turkmen natural gas.
Turkmenistan and Turkey are to collaborate on a project that will pave the way for transportation of Turkmen natural gas through Turkey to European markets. A declaration of intent on cooperation in the field of hydrocarbon resources, alongside a memorandum on natural-gas partnership between the Turkmen State Concern Türkmengaz and the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources of Turkey, were signed by Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and Turkmenistan's Chairman of the People's Council, Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov at a meeting on the margins of the Antalya Diplomatic Forum on March 1st. The export of Turkmen gas to Europe will necessitate the construction of a gas pipeline across the Caspian Sea to Azerbaijan; a project revisited since the 1990s but not yet implemented. Diversification of natural-gas export routes remains a pressing issue for gas-rich Turkmenistan. Today, China is the largest importer of Turkmen gas, transported by pipeline via Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. Smaller volumes of Turkmen gas are exported to Russia. Turkmenistan continues to work on the Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India (TAPI) project to transport natural gas to South Asia. After years of delays in the construction of the Afghan section due to funding and security issues, Turkmen and Afghan authorities are now close to advancing the project.
