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Vagit Ismailov

Journalist

Vagit Ismailov is a Kazakhstani journalist. He has worked in leading regional and national publications.

Articles

Fuel Exports

Turkmenistan Introduces Fuel Limits for Vehicles Leaving the Country

Turkmenistan introduced new rules governing fuel exports at the beginning of April. Under the regulations, the amount of diesel in the tanks of vehicles leaving the country must not exceed 300 liters. If this limit is exceeded, a fee of approximately $1 per additional liter is charged. The new rules primarily affect heavy-duty trucks, which traditionally carry large volumes of fuel. Enforcement has been assigned to the State Border Service, the State Customs Service, and the state-owned company Turkmenneft. Specialists from the General Directorate of Türkmennebitönümleri, the entity responsible for the distribution of petroleum products, are tasked with measuring fuel volumes at border checkpoints. The fuel volume of each vehicle is checked and entered into an electronic system. If the limit is exceeded, the driver is issued two receipts: one remains with the driver, while the other is sent to a bank for payment. All measurements are also recorded in a dedicated logbook. According to the authorities, this system is intended to reduce the risk of fraud and informal payments. The reasons for tightening the regulations are clear. Diesel in Turkmenistan costs around $0.05 per liter. By comparison, in the summer of 2025, it cost about $1 in Uzbekistan, approximately $0.60 in Kazakhstan, and around $0.90 in Russia. This price disparity has long created conditions for black-market activity. Fuel is smuggled abroad and resold, while domestic shortages periodically occur. Drivers face restrictions at filling stations, and additional fuel is often sold at a surcharge that can reach 200% of the official price. As a result, the market has become distorted, with potential state revenue reportedly being diverted through corrupt practices. Another contributing factor is the recent rise in global fuel prices, driven in part by escalating tensions in the Strait of Hormuz, a critical route for global oil and gas shipments. Similar measures have been introduced elsewhere in the region. Kazakhstan tightened regulations on the export of petroleum products and, in autumn 2025, imposed a full ban that remains in effect until May this year. Russia also restricted fuel exports starting April 1, with the measures expected to remain in place until at least July 31.

4 days ago

Aviation

Kazakhstan’s SCAT Airlines Adds Two Boeing 737 MAX 8 Aircraft

Kazakhstan-based SCAT Airlines has taken delivery of two new Boeing 737 MAX 8 aircraft. The planes were delivered directly from Boeing’s facility in Seattle, marking the first time the carrier has added two aircraft of this type to its fleet simultaneously. The fleet expansion is linked to the growth of the airline’s route network and the strengthening of existing flight programs. In 2026, SCAT launched new routes from Shymkent to Karaganda, Kostanay, Bishkek, Novosibirsk, St. Petersburg, and Tyumen, as well as a direct service from Astana to Ulaanbaatar. The new aircraft will support the development of a hub at Shymkent Airport, which is emerging as a key node in the airline’s network. “It is important for SCAT that the new aircraft will be used to develop the hub in Shymkent and expand the route network,” said company president Vladimir Denisov. The airline’s fleet currently consists of approximately 40 aircraft. In September 2025, the carrier received another Boeing 737 MAX 8, bringing the total number of aircraft of this type in its fleet to eleven. SCAT Airlines was founded in 1997. The company’s structure includes Aulie-Ata International Airport in Taraz, a 70% stake in Yuzhnoye Nebo Airlines, and a 40% stake in the Egyptian carrier Red Sea Airlines. The Times of Central Asia previously reported that SCAT Airlines, in partnership with Boeing, had begun construction of a new maintenance center in Shymkent. The facility will specialize in servicing Boeing aircraft, including the Boeing 737 (Classic, NG, and MAX), Boeing 757 and Boeing 767, as well as the wide-body Boeing 777. During a working visit to the United States, President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev met with Boeing executives. He noted that airlines including Air Astana, SCAT, and Vietjet Qazaqstan are interested in expanding joint projects that are important for the development of Kazakhstan’s aviation industry.

4 days ago

Oil

U.S. Extends Sanctions Exemption for Transit of Russian Oil Through Kazakhstan

The United States has extended a sanctions exemption allowing the transit of Russian oil to China through Kazakhstan until March 2027, according to Kazakhstan’s Ministry of Energy. The license was issued by the Office of Foreign Assets Control under the U.S. Department of the Treasury and is valid until March 19, 2027. “Following negotiations with OFAC, the term of the license for the transit of Russian oil to China has been extended. Cooperation on this issue will continue,” the ministry said in a statement. The ministry added that Kazakhstan and Russia are discussing the possibility of increasing supply volumes. At present, transit continues under existing sanctions exemptions. Kazakhstan transports approximately 10 million tons of Russian oil to China annually under an intergovernmental agreement valid until 2034. Earlier, Islamdaut Akubaev, a representative of KazTransOil, said Kazakhstan had received notification from OFAC regarding an extension of the transit permit until April 2026.

6 days ago

Oil Imports

Georgia May Replace Russian Oil with Imports from Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan

Georgia’s only oil refinery, owned by Black Sea Petroleum (BSP), plans to completely stop importing Russian oil and instead switch to crude supplies from Turkmenistan and, potentially, Kazakhstan. This was announced by the company’s CEO, David Potskhveria. According to Potskhveria, the shift would not only diversify supply sources but also open access to European markets. “We will completely replace Russian oil with Turkmen oil, and then with Kazakhstani oil. This will give us the opportunity to export products to the EU,” he said. The rationale is straightforward: imports of Russian petroleum products into the European Union are currently prohibited. Maintaining previous supply arrangements would effectively block access to European markets. However, switching suppliers presents logistical challenges. As Potskhveria noted, processing of Turkmen crude can begin only after transit issues through Azerbaijan are resolved. For now, logistics remain the main bottleneck. While the refinery is technically ready, implementation depends on securing reliable transport routes. The proposed move away from Russian oil follows earlier developments. In late February, the EU considered including the Kulevi port on a preliminary sanctions list due to its import and processing of Russian crude. The trigger was a shipment delivered in October 2025 by Russneft, involving approximately 105,000 tons of oil to the port of Kulevi. The shipment prompted criticism from the Georgian opposition, which accused the authorities of undermining the sanctions regime and appealed to European institutions. The Kulevi refinery is a relatively new entrant to the regional oil market. It began operations in December last year and has already outlined expansion plans. Its current processing capacity is around 1.2 million tons per year, with plans to increase this to 4.5 million tons. At present, the facility produces fuel oil, diesel, and other petroleum products. Future plans include expanding output to Euro-5 standard gasoline, jet fuel, and Eurodiesel. BSP’s international partners reportedly include Trafigura and Saudi Aramco.

6 days ago

Science

Increased Funding for Science in Kazakhstan Has Yet to Yield Results

Kazakhstan has significantly increased its spending on research and development, but this has yet to translate into a noticeable economic impact. Analysts point to structural imbalances and a weak link between science and business. According to the National Bureau of Statistics, research and development (R&D) funding in 2025 amounted to approximately $549 million, an increase of 19% compared to the previous year and nearly threefold over the past five years. At the same time, the funding structure has shifted toward greater state involvement. The share of budgetary funds rose to 81.5%, up from 51.3% in 2020, while private sector participation has declined to minimal levels. Experts note that this model limits the commercialization of scientific developments, which in most countries is primarily driven by the business sector. Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev has previously stated that science funding has yet to deliver practical results, highlighting systemic inefficiencies and the ineffective use of resources. More than half of total funding, about $282 million, is allocated to research staff salaries. Meanwhile, approximately $117 million is spent on equipment, materials, and infrastructure. Funding for experimental design and development work, critical for bringing technologies to market, has declined to around $29 million, down from the previous year. Most expenditures continue to be directed toward basic and applied research. Despite increased investment, science’s contribution to the economy remains limited. R&D spending accounted for approximately 0.16% of GDP in 2025, unchanged from the previous year. Industry participation in scientific research also remains low, with spending in key sectors such as metallurgy, mechanical engineering, and the chemical industry lagging behind. Analysts argue that without a stronger role for the private sector and more effective commercialization mechanisms, increased funding is unlikely to produce significant technological outcomes.

1 week ago