Energy Infrastructure - The Times Of Central Asia

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Energy Security

Afghanistan’s Electricity Restored Following Supply Issues from Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan

The Afghan Power Supply Company, Da Afghanistan Breshna Sherkat (DABS), recently announced disruptions in electricity imports from Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan. This has left many regions in darkness and sparked public dissatisfaction over the lack of a reliable power supply. The interruptions stemmed from technical problems on the Uzbek side and hurricane-related issues in Turkmenistan. Uzbek authorities confirmed that they were working to resolve the issue swiftly. On December 15, DABS confirmed that the technical issues had been resolved and normal electricity supply from both Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan had been fully restored. Afghanistan relies heavily on electricity imports from neighboring countries, particularly Uzbekistan. In 2023, Uzbekistan extended its contract to export electricity to Afghanistan, underscoring the continued energy partnership between the two nations. In earlier discussions, Afghanistan offered Uzbekistan opportunities to invest in its natural resources, including oil, gas, and copper deposits in the provinces of Ghazni and Herat, along with the potential to establish mineral processing plants.

Energy

Uzbekistan Looks to Turkmen Gas to Tackle Winter Energy Crisis

Uzbekistan has faced persistent gas and electricity shortages for over 25 years, leaving many citizens to rely on stoves and makeshift heating systems to stay warm during harsh winters. In 2024 alone, 82 people have died, and another 80 remain in serious condition due to carbon monoxide poisoning. The situation could improve if Uzbekistan shifts to importing natural gas from Turkmenistan. Turkmenistan recently declined to renew its gas contract with Russia, citing its strategy to diversify exports and secure better prices. With natural gas reserves estimated at 17.5 trillion cubic meters, Turkmenistan is a regional energy powerhouse, supplying significant volumes to China while maintaining domestic stability. Meanwhile, Uzbekistan’s gas production has declined, exacerbating its energy crisis. Despite ranking 17th globally in terms of gas reserves, Uzbekistan produced only 33.48 billion cubic meters of natural gas between January and September 2024 - 4.8% less than during the same period last year. At the same time, energy demand is rising due to population growth and a 6% economic expansion. Experts suggest that prioritizing imports from Turkmenistan could alleviate Uzbekistan’s energy woes. Former Energy Minister Anvamirzo Khusainov highlights the 1,500-kilometer border shared by the two countries and the existing pipeline infrastructure that could facilitate Turkmen gas imports. However, such a decision would require Uzbekistan to reduce its historical reliance on Russia - a move that carries significant political implications. The approaching winter may force Tashkent to make this critical choice. Reliable and cost-effective gas supplies from Turkmenistan could provide much-needed relief and help Uzbekistan address its longstanding energy shortages.

Energy

Uzbekistan Energizes Growth with $7 Billion in New Energy Projects

On December 13, Uzbekistan’s President Shavkat Mirziyoyev inaugurated operations for 18 new energy facilities and launched the construction of six additional projects. Together, the 24 initiatives represent an investment of over $7 billion. The ceremony marked a significant milestone for Uzbekistan’s energy sector, connecting the national power grid to five solar and wind power plants with a combined capacity of approximately 2,300 megawatts. Additionally, five high-voltage substations were commissioned in the Bukhara, Navoi, Namangan, and Tashkent regions. The country’s first energy storage system, with a capacity of 300 megawatts, began operations in the Andijan and Fergana regions. New power facilities launched include a 400-megawatt plant in Kashkadarya, a modern cogeneration plant in Tashkent, and four small hydroelectric power plants in Andijan, Surkhandarya, and Tashkent regions. Mirziyoyev also initiated construction on six power-generating facilities with a total capacity of 2.5 gigawatts in the Fergana, Samarkand, Navoi, and Tashkent regions, as well as in the city of Tashkent. These projects will collectively produce an additional 9.5 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity, sufficient to power more than 4 million households. They are also expected to save 2.5 billion cubic meters of natural gas and reduce emissions by 4.6 million tons annually. Foreign Investment Fuels Energy Transformation Mirziyoyev highlighted the pivotal role of foreign investment in these initiatives. Companies from the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, China, and Germany are leading the projects, supported by international financial institutions such as the Asian Development Bank, the Islamic Development Bank, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, and the World Bank. Uzbekistan aims to produce 84 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity in 2025—an increase of 25 billion kilowatt-hours compared to 2016. Over the past five years, the energy sector has attracted $20 billion in foreign direct investment. Solar and wind power plants with a total capacity of 3,500 megawatts have already been launched, producing 10 billion kilowatt-hours annually and raising the share of "green" energy to 16% of the total energy mix. The country’s GDP reached a historic $100 billion last year, and plans are underway to double this to $200 billion by 2030. Such economic growth will drive a 1.5-fold increase in electricity demand over the next five years. Key Priorities for Uzbekistan’s Energy Sector Mirziyoyev outlined three strategic priorities for the energy sector: Expansion of Renewable Energy By 2030, Uzbekistan plans to add 19,000 megawatts of renewable energy capacity, increasing the share of "green" energy to 54%. In 2025, the country will commission 18 solar and wind power plants with a combined capacity of 3,400 megawatts, along with energy storage systems totaling 1,800 megawatts. This is expected to boost "green" energy production to 12 billion kilowatt-hours annually. Liberalization of the Electricity Market Uzbekistan will continue to liberalize its electricity market, with plans to establish a competitive wholesale electricity market by the end of 2025. Public-private partnerships will be introduced in energy distribution, and $4 billion will be invested to modernize power grids across the country. Expanding International Cooperation The government will enhance international collaboration in...

Energy

Hydropower Development in Kyrgyzstan Gets Boost from EDB

The Eurasian Development Bank (EDB), the Ministry of Economy and Commerce, and the Ministry of Energy of Kyrgyzstan have signed a trilateral Memorandum of Cooperation for the Suusamyr-Kokomeren Hydropower Plant (HPP) Cascade Project. The memorandum outlines the EDB’s commitment to providing financial support for the preparation of project documentation, including a pre-feasibility study. The agreement focuses on developing the financial and economic model for the project, estimating capital costs, evaluating social and environmental impacts, and determining technical solutions and government support measures needed for its success. The Suusamyr-Kokomeren HPP Cascade will be located on the Kokomeren River and is expected to play a pivotal role in Kyrgyzstan’s energy sector. The cascade will consist of three hydropower plants with a combined capacity of 1,305 MW, meeting the country’s increasing electricity demands. Sanjar Bolotov, Kyrgyzstan’s Deputy Minister of Economy and Commerce, emphasized the significance of the project, commenting: “This major project will not only meet the country’s domestic electricity needs but also position Kyrgyzstan as a leading exporter of clean energy in the region.” The EDB is a multilateral development bank that includes Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Tajikistan as member states. It is dedicated to investing in regional development initiatives across Eurasia. The Suusamyr-Kokomeren HPP Cascade is part of the EDB’s flagship investment initiative, the Central Asian Water and Energy Complex. This mega-project aims to strengthen water and energy cooperation among Central Asian countries while addressing local socio-economic challenges.

Energy

At Start of Winter Freeze, Kyrgyzstan’s Electricity Demand Hits Record High

Kyrgyzstan’s Ministry of Energy reported a record-breaking electricity consumption of 3,612 MW on December 12, with daily usage reaching 78.931 million kWh, the highest in the country’s history. The rise in electricity usage is attributed to low temperatures across the country, as residents rely heavily on electric heating. This figure surpasses the previous record set on December 14, 2022, when electricity consumption reached 3,401 MW or 73.370 million kWh. According to the Ministry, the surge in consumption has overloaded grid equipment in certain areas. To prevent failures, power distribution companies are switching users to alternative feeders, causing temporary outages of one to two hours. Without such measures, critical equipment could fail. For example, a 220 kV transformer with a capacity of 250 MW costs $1.5 million and requires 150 days for manufacturing and delivery, followed by one to one and a half months for installation. To alleviate this strain, the Ministry has called on citizens to conserve electricity wherever possible. The Toktogul Hydroelectric Power Plant (HPP), Kyrgyzstan’s largest, is currently operating at its maximum generating capacity of 1,260 MW, with a daily output of 27.528 million kWh. Located on the Naryn River, the plant supplies approximately 40 percent of the country’s electricity. The Toktogul reservoir began the winter season with a water volume of 13.257 billion cubic meters, 1.5 billion more than the previous year. However, due to the recent surge in electricity usage, more than 1 billion cubic meters of this surplus have already been consumed. As of December 12, the reservoir held 12.234 billion cubic meters of water. The Ministry of Energy warns that if current consumption levels persist, the reservoir could drop to 6.2 billion cubic meters by April 1, 2025 — close to the critical or “dead” level of 5.5 billion cubic meters, at which point the plant would no longer be able to generate electricity. The Ministry continues to urge the public to use electricity sparingly to avoid this outcome.

Energy

Uzbekistan and IAEA Agree on Roadmap for Peaceful Nuclear Cooperation

Uzbekistan and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) have agreed on a comprehensive roadmap to expand cooperation in peaceful nuclear development. The agreement was reached during the meeting on December 4 between Uzbekistan’s President Shavkat Mirziyoyev and IAEA Director General Rafael Grossi, where they discussed broadening bilateral cooperation and exploring new areas of practical partnership. A History of Collaboration Uzbekistan has been a member state of the IAEA since 1994. Over the past three decades, more than 40 joint projects have been implemented with the technical assistance of the agency. Currently, five active projects focus on strengthening Uzbekistan’s legal framework and institutional capacity, as well as advancing nuclear science, healthcare, and related sectors. Mirziyoyev praised the productive results of the IAEA delegation’s meetings with Uzbekistan’s ministries, agencies, and scientific organizations. He also welcomed the upcoming International Conference on Nuclear Energy, which will be held in Samarkand on December 5 with the participation of leading experts in the field. Priority Areas for Cooperation The meeting outlined several key priorities for Uzbekistan-IAEA cooperation, including: • Enhancing the capacity and competence of national agencies. • Preparing high-skilled personnel for nuclear-related fields. • Developing nuclear energy, agriculture, water use, healthcare, and ecological programs under the IAEA’s guidance. Adoption of a Joint Roadmap As a result of the meeting, Uzbekistan and the IAEA agreed to adopt a joint roadmap to strengthen multidimensional cooperation in peaceful nuclear development. Nuclear Power Plant Construction In related developments, The Times of Central Asia has previously reported that Russia’s Atomstroyexport and Uzbekistan’s Directorate for NPP Construction have signed a contract to build a small-capacity nuclear power plant (SCNPP) in the Jizzakh region. The plant will feature a Russian-designed ASMP with a total capacity of 330 MW, consisting of six 55 MW reactors. Rosatom will serve as the primary contractor, with contributions from local Uzbek companies. The collaboration between Uzbekistan and the IAEA, along with the planned nuclear power plant, highlights the country’s commitment to advancing nuclear technology for peaceful purposes while addressing energy and sustainability challenges.