Our People > Tamila Olzhbaekova

Tamila Olzhbaekova

Journalist

Tamila Olzhabekova is a journalist, award-winning illustrator, and a volunteer, curator and event organizer in the DOSTAR diaspora of Kazakhstan organization.
Prior to working for The Times of Central Asia, she has written for Peter Tv, First Line, Five Corners, Sport.Kz, and numerous other publications. A campaigner for interethnic harmony and the protection of stray animals, she studied at St. Petersburg State University.

Articles

Children's Rights

Kazakhstan Leads Central Asia with 24th Place in KidsRights Index

KidsRights Foundation is an Amsterdam-based international children’s rights organization founded in 2003. Working with Erasmus University Rotterdam, it produces the annual KidsRights Index, which compares how countries uphold children’s rights using United Nations data. The 2026 edition covers 194 countries. Kazakhstan ranked 24th worldwide in the 2026 index. It was the only country from Eastern Europe and Central Asia in the top 25. Its overall score was 0.797. Its highest result was in protection, with a score of 0.944. Health followed at 0.900. Kazakhstan scored 0.847 for life and 0.765 for education. The enabling environment for children’s rights received 0.583. Kazakhstan Leads Central Asia The remaining Central Asian countries ranked much lower. Turkmenistan placed 75th, followed by Kyrgyzstan in 82nd. Tajikistan was 92nd, and Uzbekistan 96th. Kazakhstan finished 51 places above Turkmenistan and 72 above Uzbekistan. The index does not explain the policy choices behind each ranking. It does show wide differences in children’s health and education across Central Asia. Protection and the legal framework for children’s rights also vary. Kazakhstan in the Global Ranking Luxembourg topped the index, followed by Iceland. Monaco placed third. Germany and Norway completed the top five. The Netherlands fell to 22nd after ranking in the top 10 four years ago. The 2026 report linked the decline to rising childhood obesity and higher child mortality. Children’s Rights Under Pressure Conflict-related sexual violence against children rose by 35% from 2024, according to the report. More than one in five children now live within range of armed conflict, which can disrupt schooling and healthcare while forcing families from their homes and driving more children into poverty. The 2026 index added overweight and obesity to its health indicators. KidsRights said the share of children aged 5 to 19 who are overweight or obese now exceeds the share who are underweight. Where Kazakhstan Scores Lower Kazakhstan’s lowest result was the 0.583 score for the enabling environment for children’s rights. This domain examines whether laws and budgets support the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. It also considers data collection and cooperation between state institutions and civil society. The score was well below Kazakhstan’s results for protection and health. It points to areas where the country can improve despite its high overall ranking. The regional gap also shows why Central Asia should not be treated as a single policy model. Neighboring countries recorded very different results despite shared geography. As previously reported by The Times of Central Asia, Kazakhstan is using the digital tenge to track some forms of public spending. The KidsRights Index does not assess the currency project, so no direct link can be drawn between it and Kazakhstan’s ranking.

1 hour ago

Urban development

Urbanization: Only One in Four Tajik Residents Lives in a City

While its regional neighbors are increasingly undergoing urbanization, Tajikistan remains a predominantly rural country and the gap with the rest of Central Asia on this indicator is one of the most notable in the post-Soviet space. The Lowest Rate in the Region As of mid-2026, Tajikistan’s urban population stands at 27.98%, in other words, only slightly more than one in four residents of the country lives in a city. For comparison with the rest of the region: in Kazakhstan, the urban population is around 59%; in Turkmenistan, around 52%; in Uzbekistan, around 50%; and in neighboring Kyrgyzstan, roughly 38%. Against this backdrop, Tajikistan remains the country with the lowest level of urbanization in all of Central Asia and one of the few in the world where the rural population still makes up nearly three-quarters of the total. Why This Happened Tajikistan’s low pace of urbanization is largely explained by the structure of the country’s economy and the everyday life of a significant part of its population. Unlike states where industry, the services sector, and major urban agglomerations have long become the main centers of employment, Tajikistan still retains a notable dependence on agriculture. For many families, the village remains not only a place of residence but also the basis of income: people are engaged in farming, seasonal work, small local businesses, or rely on a household that provides the family with food and partial employment. In Kyrgyzstan, rural areas also play an important role in the economy and settlement patterns, however, in Tajikistan this feature is more pronounced. The country remains one of the most rural in Central Asia in terms of settlement patterns and employment structure. Against this background, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan present a different picture. In Uzbekistan, a significant share of the urban population is concentrated around major centers, primarily Tashkent, whose population has already exceeded 3 million. In Turkmenistan, Ashgabat plays an important role, as do territories linked to the oil and gas industry, where economic activity has traditionally been more closely tied to urban and industrial zones. The Region Is Moving Toward Cities Central Asia as a whole continues to urbanize rapidly, with cities continuing to hoover up people and capital. According to the Eurasian Development Bank, the region’s urban population is expected to increase from 39 million to 45 million by 2035, driven largely by internal migration as people move from rural areas in search of higher incomes and better infrastructure. Today, nearly half of Central Asia’s population, about 49%, already lives in the region’s major urban centers, making urbanization one of the defining forces behind its economic transformation. The expansion of cities, however, also brings mounting pressure on social infrastructure – from housing to schools and hospitals. For many urban centers, the challenge is no longer simply accommodating more residents but ensuring an acceptable quality of life. As a result, urbanization is increasingly viewed as a long-term test of governments’ capacity to plan sustainable urban development. A similar conclusion appears in a United Nations...

3 days ago

Marriage Age

Average Marriage Age Rises in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan

Twenty years ago, women in Kazakhstan first married at an average age of about 24. Today, the figure is about 25. Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan show the same gradual increase, although the pace varies from one country to another. Marriage Ages Rise Gradually in Kazakhstan According to Kazakhstan’s Bureau of National Statistics, the average age at first marriage in 2025 was 27.9 for men and 25.3 for women. In 2014, the averages were lower at 27.1 and 24.6, respectively. The gradual rise follows a global pattern. The average age of newlyweds is rising as the number of registered marriages declines. Kazakhstan registered 139,500 marriages in 2019. By 2024, the total had fallen 11.4% to 123,600. Seasonal patterns have remained steady. Most marriages in 2025 were registered during the summer, including nearly 13,000 in July. The bureau tracks both figures each year, and later reports will show whether these trends continue. Urban and Rural Marriage Ages Diverge in Kyrgyzstan In Kyrgyzstan, women first married at an average age of 23.7 in 2024, up from 22.4 in 2000. The nationwide increase was just over a year. Bishkek recorded a much larger change. The average age for first-time brides in the capital rose from 23 in 2001 to 27 two decades later. The increase was nearly four years, compared with just over one year nationwide. Regional differences remain substantial. Women in Batken Region first marry at an average age of 22.7, compared with 25.9 in Bishkek. The gap exceeds three years, showing how the national average combines sharply different local patterns. Men in Kyrgyzstan first married at an average age of 27.6 in 2024. The national average for men was almost four years higher than the figure for women. Annual statistics continue to show wide differences between regions. Marriage Age Is Rising Faster for Uzbekistani Men According to Uzbekistan’s State Committee on Statistics, men first married at an average age of 26.2 in 2024, compared with 21.8 for women. In 2000, the averages were 24.2 for men and 21.4 for women. Over those two decades, the figure for men rose by two years. The increase for women was less than half a year, a much smaller change than in neighboring countries. As a result, the gap between the average ages of men and women at first marriage widened from 2.8 years in 2000 to 4.4 years in 2024. Men are delaying marriage far more than women, and the difference has become a consistent feature of Uzbekistan’s marriage statistics. The trend is unfolding in a country with a young and growing population. As The Times of Central Asia recently reported, Uzbekistan’s 2026 census revealed a larger and younger population than previous estimates had indicated. How Central Asia Compares Internationally People in Central Asia still marry earlier than those in many European and North American countries. In the United States, the average age at first marriage is 30.8 for women and 32 for men. In Norway, it is 36.8 for women and 38.4 for men. Within...

6 days ago

Cultural Heritage

Rain Festival: How Ancient Tirgon Became an Official Holiday in Tajikistan

Until recently, Tirgon was remembered mainly through medieval poetry and scholarly references. In 2023, an apricot festival and dried-fruit exhibition were held in its honor in Dushanbe. Now, the ancient agricultural holiday is listed in Tajikistan’s official calendar of festive dates. In 2026, it was celebrated for the first time under its new official status. A Holiday Rooted in Antiquity Tirgon belongs to the ancient seasonal traditions of Iranian peoples and is mentioned in sources including Ferdowsi’s epic poem Shahnameh. Tajik sources trace these seasonal holidays back several millennia. Tirgon was traditionally associated with the 13th day of the month of Tir in the ancient Iranian calendar, with celebrations lasting several days. At its core, the holiday is connected with water and the fertility of the land. In ancient practice, people prayed to ancestral spirits for protection from drought before the new harvest was gathered. From Custom to Law Tirgon received official status only recently. An amendment to Tajikistan’s Law “On Holidays” added the festival to the country’s calendar of official holiday dates in 2025. The change was presented as part of Tajikistan’s effort to preserve national cultural heritage and revive ancient folk traditions. The country’s holiday calendar already contained dozens of dates, though not all official holidays are non-working days. Tirgon’s new status shows its place in the country’s cultural life and in the state-backed revival of ancient seasonal traditions. The First Official Tirgon In 2026, Tirgon was marked for the first time after being added to the official holiday calendar. The date is observed on July 1, but the 2026 production calendar did not make it an additional non-working day. To mark the holiday, the president addressed the nation with a message connecting the ancient reverence for water with Tajikistan’s modern water diplomacy. The message referred to the International Decade for Action “Water for Sustainable Development” and Tajikistan’s glacier-protection initiatives. Through that framing, the old ritual was tied to one of Tajikistan’s main foreign-policy themes: water. Part of a Seasonal Cycle Tirgon is part of Tajikistan’s revived cycle of ancient seasonal holidays. In that cycle, Sada is associated with fire and purification. Nowruz marks renewal, and Mehrgon is linked to the harvest. Tirgon occupies the place of water and rain, without which farming is impossible. Each holiday is tied to a time of year and a natural element revered in ancient tradition. Its return to the official calendar gives an old ritual a new public role. For many years, knowledge of Tirgon survived mainly in old manuscripts and scholarly descriptions. Its modern revival moved quickly. Public celebrations resumed in 2023. Official recognition followed in 2025, and the first observance under the new status came in 2026. Tajikistan has made water diplomacy a major part of its international agenda, including glacier protection. In that context, an ancient holiday dedicated to rain and the fertility of the land has taken on contemporary political meaning. Tirgon is a reminder that water in the region is a condition for agriculture and survival.

1 week ago

Wages

Turkmenistan’s Wage Puzzle: Official Salaries Rise, but Transparency Remains Elusive

In most Central Asian countries, checking the average salary is as simple as visiting the national statistics agency’s website. In Turkmenistan, however, wage data remain largely inaccessible. The State Statistics Committee does not publish salary figures online, and its annual statistical yearbooks are available only in printed form inside the country. Nevertheless, occasional official figures emerge, offering a glimpse into a labor market that differs markedly from those of its regional neighbors. As of January 1, 2025, Turkmenistan’s monthly minimum wage stands at 1,410 manats, equivalent to approximately $403 at the official exchange rate. An increase was introduced by presidential decree in July 2024 as part of a nationwide 10% rise in wages, pensions, and social benefits. The minimum wage was about $366 in 2024, and roughly $331 in 2023 at the official exchange rate. Unlike neighboring economies, where wages are increasingly shaped by labor-market conditions, inflation, and private-sector demand, Turkmenistan’s minimum wage is established exclusively by presidential decree and applies uniformly across all sectors, occupations, and age groups. The centralized system leaves little room for market-based wage formation. Although comprehensive official wage statistics remain unavailable, one rare set of figures attributed to the State Statistics Committee was published in 2017. According to those figures, the country’s highest-paid employees worked in the Merchant Marine Fleet, earning 2,387.6 manats per month, or about $682 at the official exchange rate then in use. They were followed by the National Space Agency under the President of Turkmenistan, at 1,909.9 manats, or about $546, and the state-owned Turkmenneft oil company, at 1,861.4 manats, or about $532. The lowest salaries were reportedly paid to employees of the Ministry of Trade and Foreign Economic Relations. The ranking, although dated, is revealing. Rather than finance or technology, which dominate wage tables in many countries, Turkmenistan’s highest-paid sectors in that snapshot were closely tied to state prestige projects and strategic natural-resource industries. A key factor complicating any assessment of income is the country’s dual exchange-rate system. The official rate has long been fixed at about 3.5 manats per U.S. dollar, which is used to calculate salaries in dollar terms for international reporting. However, the parallel market rate is substantially weaker, reducing the real international purchasing power of household incomes. Consequently, official salary figures converted into dollars should be interpreted with caution because they do not necessarily reflect the exchange rate available to ordinary citizens. The gap between official wages and actual living costs also appears significant. While the government continues to subsidize basic food staples such as bread and flour, shortages have often forced households to buy goods in private markets at much higher prices. Free natural gas and water supplies ended in 2019, and utility costs have gradually increased since then, despite continuing subsidies. Public cost-of-living data should be treated carefully, but they point in the same direction. The user-submitted database Numbeo estimates monthly costs for a single person in Ashgabat at about 6,475 manats before rent, more than four times the official minimum wage. Regional comparisons...

1 week ago

Bukhara Biennial

Bukhara Biennial Sets 2027 Dates and Names New Artistic Director

Organizers of the Bukhara Biennial have announced key details of its second edition: the event will run from September 3 to November 21, 2027, with architect and designer Kulapat Yantrasast appointed artistic director. The announcement was made at the Fondation Beyeler during Art Basel in Basel, Switzerland, placing the Uzbek cultural project before an international art and museum audience. What Is Known About the 2027 Concept Yantrasast will succeed Diana Campbell, who curated the first edition in 2025. The biennial’s organizer remains Gayane Umerova, chairwoman of the Art and Culture Development Foundation of Uzbekistan (ACDF). In 2025, artists were paired with Uzbek master craftsmen. The 2027 format will expand that model by involving local ecologists, scientists, and economists. The central theme will be the connection between art, urban space, and sustainable development. Bukhara as Venue Biennial projects will be housed in restored caravanserais, madrasas, hammams, city squares, and other historic sites, some of which are expected to open to the public for the first time. The aim is to place contemporary art within Bukhara’s historic urban fabric. The city holds UNESCO Creative City status in crafts and folk art, giving the biennial a venue with international cultural recognition. [caption id="attachment_51635" align="aligncenter" width="1280"] Image: bukharabiennial.uz[/caption] Who the New Artistic Director Is Kulapat Yantrasast studied architecture under Tadao Ando and founded the studio WHY Architecture in 2004. His recent projects include the reconstruction of the Michael C. Rockefeller Wing at New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art, the ILMI Science and Innovation Center in Riyadh, and the Dib art museum in Bangkok. His studio is also working on the Department of Byzantine and Eastern Christian Art at the Louvre in Paris and the National Museum of India, which is expected to become the largest museum in the world. Yantrasast has previously worked with ACDF on When Apricots Blossom, shown at Milan Design Week in 2026. The First Edition The first Bukhara Biennial ran from September 5 to November 23, 2025, under the theme Recipes for Broken Hearts, curated by Diana Campbell. It drew 1.8 million visitors, more than half of them from Bukhara and other regions of Uzbekistan. Participating artists included Antony Gormley, Marina Perez Simão, Erika Verzutti, Subodh Gupta, Delcy Morelos, and Dana Awartani. [caption id="attachment_51636" align="aligncenter" width="1280"] Image: bukharabiennial.uz[/caption] Part of a Wider Cultural Strategy The Bukhara Biennial forms part of a wider ACDF program to expand Uzbekistan’s cultural infrastructure. The foundation is overseeing the Center for Contemporary Art in Tashkent, due to open on September 6, 2026, and the National Museum of Uzbekistan, designed by Tadao Ando. ACDF has also formed an international advisory board for the biennial, with members including Chris Dercon and Michael Govan. [caption id="attachment_51637" align="aligncenter" width="1024"] Image: bukharabiennial.uz[/caption] The Art Basel announcement suggests that Uzbekistan is positioning the biennial as a recurring international platform, while keeping Bukhara’s historic sites and local audiences at its center. In 2025, nearly two million people attended the event in the city’s restored historic spaces. For the 2027 edition, the challenge...

1 week ago

New Tashkent Airport

Uzbekistan Signs Contract for New Tashkent Airport, Construction to Run Through 2030

On June 17, 2026, on the sidelines of the 5th Tashkent International Investment Forum, Uzbekistan Airports and a consortium of investors led by Saudi Arabia’s Vision Invest signed a public-private partnership agreement to build and operate a new international airport in the Tashkent region. The project began with a ceremonial groundbreaking in October 2025, attended by President Shavkat Mirziyoyev. The June agreement is a practical next step: the project now has a signed contract, defined investor shares, and an approved construction schedule. The international consortium will handle construction and operation of the airport. Vision Invest holds 45%. Japan’s Sojitz Corporation holds 30%, and South Korea’s Incheon International Airport Corporation holds 15%. The remaining 10% belongs to state-owned Uzbekistan Airports. Under the agreement, the private partner will manage the airport for 35 years, until around 2065. The private investors are responsible for the passenger terminal and forecourt area. The state remains responsible for building and operating the airfield infrastructure, including runways and taxiways. Construction was formally authorized by Presidential Resolution No. 353, dated November 25, 2025. The new airport will be located in the Urtachirchik and Kuyichirchik districts of the Tashkent region, on a 1,310-hectare site. The first phase includes two 4-kilometer runways and a 208,000-square-meter passenger terminal. It also includes 98 aircraft parking stands, a fuel complex, and a modern air traffic control tower. Construction is scheduled from 2026 to 2030, with commissioning planned for late 2030. At full capacity, the airport will be able to handle up to 20 million passengers and process 129,000 tons of cargo per year. It will support up to 30 takeoffs and landings per hour and accommodate 62 aircraft at once. In the longer term, the terminal will be four times larger than Tashkent’s current airport and able to serve up to 46 million passengers a year. It will be supported by more than 40 jet bridges and 160 aircraft stands. The project is driven by passenger growth that the current airport can no longer accommodate. Over the past eight years, passenger traffic in Tashkent has tripled to 9 million a year and is expected to reach 24 million by 2040. The existing airport is designed for just 11 million passengers and sits within city limits, making expansion impossible. The current airport is projected to reach full capacity by 2029, after which it is expected to close once the new facility opens. The new airport will form part of a larger transport hub. The complex will connect directly to the Tashkent-Samarkand toll highway and to routes serving Andijan and Bostanliq. A dedicated high-speed rail station will be built on site, and shuttle services will link Tashkent with the new location. The first phase is estimated at $2.5 billion and is expected to attract about $3 billion in foreign direct investment. The airport has also been presented as the first in Central Asia built according to “green” construction principles. Preparatory work before the signing included environmental and social impact assessments in line with the requirements...

1 week ago

Gender Quotas

Kazakhstan’s New Kurultai Elections: What the 30% Quota Could Mean for Women in Parliament

Kazakhstan’s new Constitution entered into force on July 1. On August 23, voters will elect the country’s first unicameral Kurultai, a 145-member legislature that replaces the former Mazhilis and Senate. Political parties are already submitting their lists, with nominations open from July 2 to July 13. Those lists must meet an inclusion requirement that has taken on new significance under the new electoral system: at least 30% of candidates must come from three combined categories, women, young people, and people with disabilities. How many women will actually enter the new parliament will become clear only after the votes are counted. But it is already possible to assess what the rule can achieve, and where its weaknesses lie. What the Law Requires The quota is less straightforward in practice. It does not guarantee that 30% of seats will go to women. The rule sets a combined 30% target that includes women alongside young people and people with disabilities. A party could comply with the rule while doing relatively little to increase women’s representation, if enough candidates from the other eligible categories are included. The rule carries added weight because Kazakhstan’s new Kurultai will be elected through a nationwide proportional party-list system. Under this model, placement on party lists can count as much as the overall number of women nominated. Kazakhstan has also lowered the threshold for registering political parties from 40,000 to 20,000 members, a change intended to make it easier for new political forces to participate. Seven parties have been cleared to compete in the August 23 election. Kazakhstan’s Starting Point Before the transition to the new unicameral legislature, women’s representation in Kazakhstan’s parliament remained limited. By the end of 2025, women held 17 seats in the Mazhilis, or 17.3% of the chamber. As of July 2025, women held 10 of 50 seats in the Senate, or 20%. By comparison, the global average for women’s representation in national parliaments stood at 27.5% at the end of 2025, after rising by just 0.3 percentage points over the year. Kazakhstan enters its first Kurultai election from a position below the global average. How Neighboring Countries Have Addressed the Issue The region already offers examples of how differently gender quotas can work. In Uzbekistan, the quota for women candidates in elections to the Legislative Chamber was raised from 30% to 40% and applied for the first time in the 2024 elections. Unlike Kazakhstan’s rule, Uzbekistan’s quota applies specifically to women rather than to a combined group. The result was noticeable: the number of women MPs rose from 48, or 32%, to 57, or 38%, out of 150 seats. As of July 2025, women also held 16 of 65 Senate seats in Uzbekistan, or 24.6%. An even sharper increase took place in Kyrgyzstan. In the 2025 parliamentary elections, women’s share of seats rose by 12.9 percentage points, the largest increase among countries that renewed their parliaments that year. The change came from a redesign of the electoral system rather than from a symbolic quota....

2 weeks ago

TCA Interviews

Emre Erdur Interview: Central Asia’s Visual Language

For Emre Erdur, Central Asia’s visual language begins with the vast horizons of the steppe, the horse, the yurt, felt patterns – symbols that have carried memory across generations. The Istanbul-born artist, designer, and author spoke with The Times of Central Asia about Kazakhstan, cultural codes, and why artists need to understand the meanings behind the images they use. The Language of Visual Storytelling TCA: How would you introduce yourself to readers who are encountering your work for the first time? Emre Erdur: I was born in Istanbul, and since childhood, I have had a strong interest in drawing, visual design, and storytelling. Over time, this interest evolved beyond simply creating illustrations and developed into a multidisciplinary practice that combines visual communication, illustration, concept design, and narrative development. Throughout my career, I have worked on a wide range of projects across different fields of visual design and communication. From illustration and architectural projects to product and game design, comic books, documentaries, and film productions. I have been involved in many areas where ideas require a strong visual language to be understood and communicated effectively. TCA: You are an artist, designer, and author working with visual storytelling. How would you define the main focus of your practice today? Emre Erdur: Today, I can no longer define myself simply as an illustrator or a designer. In reality, such definitions are often shaped less by the artist’s own description and more by the body of work they create and the way they work. At the center of my work is visual storytelling. Whether through comics, film development, or cultural projects, my main objective is to make ideas related to history, culture, and collective memory visible through contemporary forms of expression. For me, design is not an end in itself; it is a powerful tool for conveying stories, ideas, and emotions. In recent years, I have focused particularly on cultural memory, identity, historical narratives, and the shared cultural heritage of the Eurasian region. The challenge is not only to interpret the past. It is also about building a new language for the future by understanding the memories and experiences that come from the past. Kazakhstan as a Living Archive TCA: In our previous conversation, we discussed your work, The Legend of Ergenekon, and the influence Kazakhstan has had on your creative practice. How has your understanding of this subject evolved since then? Emre Erdur: Perhaps my core idea has not changed, but it has certainly deepened. At first, I viewed Kazakhstan’s influence primarily as a historical and visual source of inspiration. Over time, I came to realize that it represents something much deeper: a matter of cultural memory and, to some extent, a shared perspective on the future. Anatolia is an extraordinarily rich and multi-layered cultural geography. For centuries, it has been home to different civilizations, empires, and cultures, creating a landscape where many historical layers coexist. This richness also shapes the way we view the past; it can sometimes lead us to romanticize certain...

2 weeks ago

Red Book

Kyrgyzstan Begins Updating Red Book as Scientists Survey Rare Species Nationwide

Kyrgyzstan has begun preparing its first comprehensive update of the national Red Book in nearly two decades. On June 3, 2026, the Ministry of Natural Resources, Ecology and Technical Supervision and the National Academy of Sciences signed a cooperation agreement to collect updated data on rare and endangered species of flora and fauna. The project is scheduled to last two years and is estimated to cost about 21 million soms. What Has Been Decided Under the agreement, scientists from the National Academy of Sciences will carry out field and desk-based research across the country to obtain current, reliable information on rare and threatened species. The studies are intended to clarify population sizes, habitat ranges, and extinction risks. At the end of the 24-month project, the scientists will submit a scientific database to the ministry, which will serve as the basis for a new edition of the Red Book. The ministry said updating this information will make it possible to protect vulnerable species more effectively and preserve the country’s biodiversity. A Book Reissued Only Twice in 40 Years A full edition of Kyrgyzstan’s Red Book has been published only twice. The first appeared in 1985, when it was still called the Red Book of the Kirghiz SSR. The second was released in 2006-2007 in two volumes: Animals and Plants and Fungi. Since then, the protected list has been adjusted without a new full edition. In 2019, officials said the list had increased by 22 animal and plant species, but no complete printed edition followed. This is the gap the new revision is intended to close. Since the last edition, both the condition of wildlife populations and monitoring methods have changed. New field data is therefore needed to ensure that the document reflects the current situation. Which Species Are Protected Today The current Red Book of Kyrgyzstan includes 57 bird species, 23 mammal species, two amphibian species, eight reptile species, seven fish species, and 18 arthropod species. In addition to animals, 89 species of higher plants and fungi are protected. These figures will be the starting point for the review. Researchers will need to determine which species are still found in their former habitats, which populations have declined, and which species may need to be added to the list for the first time. Snow Leopard: A National Symbol and a Rare Example of Recovery The best-known inhabitant of Kyrgyzstan’s mountains on the list is the snow leopard. On December 30, 2023, it was officially recognized as a national symbol of the country by presidential decree. The species is listed as vulnerable on the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List and has rare or endangered status in all 12 countries across its range. Kyrgyzstan is also one of the few countries where official figures indicate that the snow leopard population is growing. According to the 2024 count, the country had about 511 individuals, compared with 282 in 2013. Penalties for the illegal capture and export of the animal were also increased...

3 weeks ago

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