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Kazakhstan to Permit Limited Saiga Horn Exports Under Strict Controls

Kazakhstan plans to begin limited and strictly regulated exports of saiga antelope horns, according to the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources, as reported by Nege.Aqsha. Minister of Ecology Yerlan Nysanbayev emphasized that unrestricted trade is not under consideration. He stated that exports will be allowed only under rigorous regulation, with restrictions on both volume and export mechanisms. A three-year quota system is expected to be implemented. A critical condition for authorizing exports is the establishment of a traceability system. Kazakhstan aims to integrate its national tracking database with China’s, enabling the monitoring of saiga horn derivatives from the point of harvest to final processing. Nysanbayev noted that this system has been under development since 2023. All harvested saiga horns are currently microchipped and individually registered to minimize the risk of illegal trafficking. The legal basis for these potential exports stems from a decision at the 20th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), held in Samarkand from November 24 to December 5. While this decision does not trigger automatic exports, it provides Kazakhstan with a legal framework to manage regulated trade in accordance with international agreements. Simultaneously, the Ministry of Ecology has finalized a national roadmap for managing the saiga population. As of May 2025, Deputy Minister of Ecology Nurken Shabiev confirmed the roadmap's completion, although the accompanying biological justification was still under preparation. “As many as they are ready to process will be seized to prevent a repeat of last year's experience, when there was damage in some places,” a ministry spokesperson said. Between July and November 2025, approximately 196,000 saigas were culled in Kazakhstan, with the carcasses transferred to local processing facilities. Kazakhstan is home to three main saiga populations, Betpakdala, Ural, and Ustyurt which together account for more than 90% of the global saiga population. As of March 2025, the total population in Kazakhstan stood at 4.1 million, a dramatic increase from the historical high of 1.2 million during the Kazakh SSR period. The saiga antelope has been listed as critically endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature since 2002. A nationwide moratorium on hunting and trade in saiga parts remained in effect until 2024. However, the sharp population increase led authorities to transition from a blanket ban to a model of regulated harvesting. The renewed interest in saiga horn exports is also driven by persistent demand in traditional Chinese medicine, where the antlers are highly valued.

wildlife

Kyrgyzstan Adopts Online Tools to Combat Illegal Wildlife Trade

Customs and border officers in Kyrgyzstan haven’t traditionally focused on the smuggling of animals and plants, even though conservationists say the country is a transit point in Central Asia’s illegal wildlife trade. Backed by international expertise, Kyrgyzstan’s government is working to change that in a campaign that supporters hope will foster more regional collaboration. “We recognize that this work must be done step by step; we cannot build everything at once,” said Bakytbek Tokubek uulu, Central Asia program manager of TRAFFIC, a Britain-based conservation group. Some species considered to be vulnerable to illegal commerce in Central Asia include Saker falcons, coveted in the Middle East for falconry; Central Asian tortoises, which are smuggled as exotic pets; Saiga antelopes, whose horns are used in traditional medicine; and Argali sheep and Marco Polo sheep, which are hunted for trophies. For the first time, Central Asia recently hosted the main meeting of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, a United Nations entity also known as CITES. The conference in Uzbekistan, which ended on December 5, drew delegates from around the world and raised awareness in the region about the legal and illegal wildlife trade and protections for tens of thousands of species of animals and plants. At a presentation during the meeting, the TRAFFIC conservation group described a new electronic database that Kyrgyzstan will use in an effort to detect and prevent wildlife smuggling. The database rollout, which followed training workshops in Bishkek over the summer, will help officials with wildlife checks, including verification of CITES permits, that were sometimes overlooked by officers more involved in searching for weapons and explosives. [caption id="attachment_40661" align="aligncenter" width="403"] Law enforcement officers in Kyrgyzstan during wildlife database training. Photo: Bakytbek Tokubek uulu/TRAFFIC.[/caption] The database will record wildlife smuggling cases, making it easier to spot suspicious conduct, and outline ways to identify animal parts and what documents are needed for import and export. Fauna & Flora, another Britain-based NGO, is also involved in the project overseen by Kyrgyzstan’s Ministry of Natural Resources, Ecology and Technical Supervision. It is funded by the U.S. State Department’s Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs. “In the future, we envision all Central Asian governments having their own electronic CITES databases, enabling them to issue and track CITES permits online,” Tokubek uulu, the regional TRAFFIC manager, said in written responses to questions from The Times of Central Asia. “Ultimately, our long-term goal is for all Central Asian countries to operate interconnected systems that share data in real time and enable coordinated, rapid responses like it is at TWIX,” he said. TWIX, which stands for Trade in Wildlife Information eXchange, is an online platform, currently in operation in Europe and Africa, that allows law enforcement agencies to share information across borders as they track wildlife smuggling. Some law enforcement officers at the summer training in Kyrgyzstan said they weren’t previously familiar with the CITES permit system, according to TRAFFIC. “The shift in mindset takes time: officers...

wildlife

Kazakhstan’s Ecology Ministry Says Saiga Population May Surpass Five Million in 2026

Kazakhstan's saiga antelope population, a key indicator of steppe ecosystem health and a globally vulnerable species, has reached unprecedented levels. According to the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources, the population now numbers approximately four million. Following the 2026 calving season, that figure could rise to nearly five million, cementing Kazakhstan’s role as the primary global habitat for the species. At a recent meeting on sustainable saiga population management, Minister of Ecology Yerlan Nyssanbayev highlighted the dramatic recovery of the species. In 2005, the population had dwindled to fewer than 40,000. Thanks to a nationwide hunting ban, increased protection measures, and targeted monitoring programs, Kazakhstan has achieved one of the most notable wildlife conservation success stories in recent history. However, the rapid rebound has brought new challenges. Ecologists warn that rising saiga densities are increasing competition with agricultural activities and contributing to pasture degradation. In response, the government has begun implementing controlled population management strategies. Between July 1 and November 30, 2025, around 196,000 saigas were culled, with carcasses processed by domestic enterprises. “The work was carried out in strict accordance with scientific recommendations,” Nyssanbayev stated. A separate concern is the trade in saiga derivatives, particularly male horns, which are in high demand in traditional Eastern medicine. According to the ministry, all horns are marked and securely stored by the Okhotzooprom State Enterprise. A digital traceability system, developed in partnership with Kazakhtelecom JSC, is currently being piloted to ensure full transparency in horn origin tracking. This technology, supported at the CITES International Conference, is under consideration as a mechanism for potentially easing current restrictions on derivative exports. First Deputy Prime Minister Roman Sklyar has instructed the Ministry of Ecology and other relevant agencies to finalize regulatory frameworks for labeling and circulation of saiga products, and to develop comprehensive measures for managing the growing population in 2026. The dramatic saiga recovery has also drawn international attention. As previously reported by The Times of Central Asia, Kazakhstan has agreed to transfer 1,500 saiga antelopes to China in 2026 to support efforts to reintroduce the species beyond its historical range in Central Asia.

wildlife

Kazakhstan Wants to Lift Ban on Saiga Horn Trade; Some Conservationists Object

The extraordinary recovery of the saiga antelope population after being close to extinction has opened a debate about whether it is time to allow the international commercial trade of the species’ horns from Kazakhstan, home to the vast majority of saigas. Kazakhstan’s government says yes. It has submitted a pro-trade proposal that will be discussed at a conference in Samarkand, Uzbekistan of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, or CITES. The United Nations meeting, which regulates trade in tens of thousands of species of animals and plants, is being held in Central Asia for the first time and runs from November 24 to December 5. It was last held in Panama in 2022. While applauding Kazakhstan’s conservation successes, some groups advise against trade in saiga horns, which are used in traditional medicine in parts of Asia. The New York-based Wildlife Conservation Society, warned on Tuesday that the population gains are fragile, saying “the saiga has a long history of boom and bust population cycles, and a precautionary approach is imperative.” Backed by international conservation groups and donors, Kazakhstan has guided the remarkable comeback of a species whose numbers were estimated at 20,000 in 2003 and then, after some growth, suffered another big population crash because of disease in 2015. A reduction in poaching and the expansion of land earmarked for conservation helped the saigas. But some farmers say rising saiga numbers threaten their crops and the government has considered mass kills and other ways to manage the population. Kazakhstan’s saiga population is estimated to be several million and the status of the species on the IUCN Red List was moved from critically endangered to near threatened in 2023. There are much smaller saiga populations elsewhere in the region, including Russia, Mongolia and Uzbekistan. Saiga populations in Kazakhstan “exceed historical levels, which has led to conflicts with local farmers over forage resources in certain regions,” according to Kazakhstan’s CITES proposal. It says that removing the current “zero quota” in the international commercial trade in saiga “derivatives” from Kazakhstan would help meet demand for horns and reduce poaching. The zero quota was introduced at the CITES meeting in Geneva in 2019. “The revival of sustainable commercial trade could not only restore the species' economic value but also regulate market pricing policies to make illegal trade unprofitable, as the price of saiga horns would no longer justify the risks and costs for poachers,” Kazakhstan’s proposal says. However, the Wildlife Conservation Society, which runs programs in more than 50 countries, said the ban should stay in place for now because horn exports from Kazakhstan would increase demand, complicate efforts to distinguish between legal and illegal horns and put pressure on saigas other countries where they are more vulnerable. “Mongolia’s saiga population has grown thanks to years of collaborative effort, but Mongolia’s subspecies remains endangered,” Justine Shanti Alexander, the group’s country director in Mongolia, said in a statement. “ Any move that increases international demand for saiga horn -...

wildlife

Kyrgyz Authorities Tighten Hunting Regulations

Kyrgyzstan has introduced stricter hunting regulations, updating the rules for the first time in a decade. The new regulations govern hunting farms, the hunting of wild animals -- including species listed as endangered in Kyrgyzstan's 'Red Book' -- and define the rights and responsibilities of hunters. Stricter Control Over Hunting Activities Under the revised rules, simply being present in hunting grounds within specially protected natural areas while carrying firearms, pneumatic weapons, or throwing weapons is now considered hunting. The same applies if an individual is found with traps, snares, or game, regardless of whether they were caught in the act of hunting. Hunting in Kyrgyzstan is now only allowed with the following criteria: Possession of a valid hunting license issued by the relevant authorities; Payment of the state fee for hunting; A police permit for the possession, carrying, and use of firearms. Additionally, foreign hunters can now only participate in hunting tours when accompanied by a gamekeeper. Approved Hunting Methods and Seasonal Restrictions The law specifies approved hunting methods, allowing the use of: Smooth-bore and rifled firearms (except for hunting birds); Crossbows and bows; Traps (within size restrictions); Hunting dogs and birds of prey for tracking game. The hunting season may be shortened by up to 15 days, depending on environmental conditions and the biological cycles of wild animals. Additionally, hunting is now banned on Tuesdays and Wednesdays year-round, designated as "quiet days." Limits on Hunting of Endangered Species The new regulations set strict quotas for the hunting of wild animals in Kyrgyzstan. “It is prohibited to hunt wild animals and birds that are not included in the official list of authorized hunting species. Hunting of Red Book-listed wildlife, birds of prey, and songbirds is allowed only by a decision of the authorized state body, with a maximum limit of 1% of the total population,” the law states. Foreign hunters, in particular, are drawn to endangered argali and Marco Polo rams, which are listed in Kyrgyzstan’s Red Book. As The Times of Central Asia previously reported, a U.S. citizen attempted to smuggle parts of a hunted argali back to the United States for cloning. Unlimited Hunting of Wolves and Jackals One notable exception to the new restrictions is wolves and jackals, which pose a serious threat to rural communities. Unlike other species, their hunting is neither restricted nor subject to quotas. These predators frequently attack livestock, and as a result, villagers often offer significant bounties for their removal.

wildlife

Cat Houses Installed at Tashkent Airport

Tashkent International Airport has introduced a heartwarming initiative by installing cat houses in the green space between the departure hall and the main terminal. Designed by students from the Tashkent University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, the structures provide a safe and comfortable habitat for the airport's feline residents. According to the press service of Uzbekistan Airports, cats have long been part of the airport's ecosystem. “Cats are natural inhabitants of the urban environment and play a vital ecological role. Apart from their aesthetic charm, they are skilled hunters, helping control populations of mice and rats,” the service said. The idea to construct cat houses had been under consideration for years but was delayed due to ongoing construction at the airport. With the involvement of the Mushukkent project and university students, the houses were finally completed and installed in locations safe for both the animals and airport operations. Materials used in building the cat houses are durable, resistant to decay, non-combustible, and environmentally friendly. The houses are equipped with heating systems for winter and ventilation for summer, ensuring the cats' comfort year-round. [caption id="attachment_27583" align="aligncenter" width="1151"] Image: Uzbekistan Airports Telegram[/caption] “For Uzbekistan Airports, this is more than just an ecological project - it’s a social initiative that reflects the company’s commitment to animal welfare. It symbolizes Uzbekistan’s hospitality, beginning right at the airport, and highlights the city’s humane values,” the company added. The Mushukkent project, launched in 2019, is supported by various government agencies, the National Guard of Uzbekistan, and non-governmental organizations. Its goals include fostering kindness towards animals, establishing shelters, controlling the stray cat population, and increasing penalties for animal cruelty. This initiative is not unique to Uzbekistan. Two years ago, animal rights activists in Almaty, Kazakhstan, installed wooden shelters for street cats. These huts, raised above the ground, feature a roof, ladder, and feeder, providing a safe and comfortable place for up to nine cats to sleep, eat, and stay protected from the elements.