Our People > Dmitry Pokidaev

Dmitry Pokidaev

Journalist

Dmitry Pokidaev is a journalist based in Astana, Kazakhstan, with experience at some of the country's top media outlets. Before his career in journalism, Pokidaev worked as an academic, teaching Russian language and literature.

Articles

Public Spaces

Kazakhstan Proposes Fines for Unauthorized Graffiti

Kazakhstan is preparing to introduce fines for unauthorized graffiti on public buildings and structures. The Interior Ministry has proposed enshrining a ban in law following a campaign against vandalism and drug-related graffiti. Interior Minister Yerzhan Sadenov presented the proposals on September 21 at a government meeting. Prime Minister Olzhas Bektenov instructed the Interior Ministry to prepare amendments aimed at “establishing a complete ban on all types of graffiti that damage public places.” A significant part of the police’s current work involves drug-related graffiti: inscriptions advertising drugs and providing sellers’ contact details. According to the Interior Ministry, police and volunteers have removed around 80,000 such inscriptions and drawings. Authorities have opened 81 criminal cases over drug promotion and advertising, with 19 people convicted. Through the digital service “No to Drugs,” citizens have reported another 150 violations to the police. The Interior Ministry’s proposal, however, goes beyond drug-related graffiti. Sadenov spoke about inscriptions and drawings on public buildings and structures in general. The government used the wording graffiti that “damage public places.” How “damage” is defined in the amendments could determine how authorized street art is treated. In Almaty, Astana, and other cities, murals have long been used to decorate building facades and public spaces. The government materials published so far contain no proposal to prohibit such works. Elsewhere, legislation generally links liability not to graffiti as an art form, but to a lack of authorization and damage to property. In Germany, criminal liability applies, among other things, to unauthorized alterations that substantially and permanently change the appearance of public monuments and works of art. One of the stricter regimes is in Singapore, where the Vandalism Act includes a maximum fine of up to S$2,000 or up to three years in prison. For certain offenses, the law also provides for caning. Kazakhstan’s approach will become clearer once the amendments are published. For now, the Interior Ministry has proposed administrative liability rather than a separate criminal offense for graffiti. The government is also preparing a National Cleanliness Standard. It is expected to include requirements covering the maintenance and landscaping of populated areas, the upkeep of natural areas, environmental education, and volunteer activities. Urban development regulations are also changing. The new Construction Code established the design code as a tool for shaping the appearance of cities and other populated areas. Specialized urban planning organizations have been established in all regions, while regional authorities have approved road maps for urban development for 2026-2027.

3 hours ago

AI Education

Kazakhstan AI Training Expands Nationwide as Programs Scale Up

Kazakhstan is expanding a free school for programming and artificial intelligence (AI) to 14 regions as part of a national drive to prepare people to use the technology. Government figures show that more than 100,000 university students have completed advanced AI courses, but evidence of what the training is producing in practice remains limited. Tomorrow School offers adults a free 18-month course in programming and AI. It began operating outside Astana in 2026, and its network now covers 14 regions, with further growth planned across the country. Students need no previous programming experience and learn through practical projects and peer-to-peer instruction. The school currently has 493 students, and according to government figures, 57 participants have already found jobs in the information technology sector. Few published statistics from Kazakhstan’s growing AI-training system report employment outcomes rather than enrollment or course completion. TUMO Astana is a free center for teenagers aged 12 to 18, based on an educational model first developed in Armenia in 2011 and since expanded internationally. TUMO combines self-directed learning with workshops and practical projects in technology and design, including programming, robotics, and generative AI. The center currently has 2,376 active students. By the end of 2026, it plans to increase enrollment to 5,000. The largest enrollment is in AI-Sana, a national program aimed at giving university students AI skills and helping them develop their own technology projects. Students can take courses through Coursera, Huawei ICT Academy, the NVIDIA Deep Learning Institute, and Astana Hub. More than 100,000 students have completed advanced training under the program, receiving more than 703,000 certificates between them. Because participants can complete several courses, the certificate total is much higher than the number enrolled. Of more than 22,000 proposed AI projects, 515 are now being tested or implemented, according to government figures. That total may be more revealing than the certificate count, although the announcement neither describes the work nor identifies where it is taking place. In 2027, organizers plan to help 1,500 student teams develop their projects into technology startups. Kazakhstan’s focus on retraining reflects changes in the labor market. The World Economic Forum estimates that 39% of workers’ existing skills will change or become outdated by 2030, while AI and big data are among the fastest-growing areas of demand. The International Labour Organization cautions against equating the spread of AI with the disappearance of jobs, saying generative AI is more likely to transform jobs by automating some tasks than to replace workers entirely. For more advanced training and research, Kazakhstan has established Qazaq AI Research University (QAIRU). Since September 2026, it has offered two bachelor’s programs, one in AI and Machine Learning and the other in Physical AI, along with graduate programs combining AI with fields including finance, energy, medicine, industry, and public administration. The university has 525 students: 388 undergraduates, 32 master’s students, and 105 participants from national companies in its AI+X Executive MBA program.

1 day ago

Mining

Kazakhstan Mining Royalty System Delayed Until 2029

Kazakhstan plans to delay a new mining royalty system until 2029, postponing a reform that would tax raw ore more heavily than metals processed inside the country. The government backed the two-year delay, saying parts of the system still need further work. The royalty regime would apply only to new mining licenses issued from 2027 onward for areas where mining rights have not previously been granted. For example, a company receiving a new license to develop a previously unlicensed copper deposit would come under the royalty system, while an existing copper mine would continue paying the current mineral extraction tax, or MET. The main difference is when and how the tax is calculated. Under MET, tax is charged on minerals extracted from the ground. Under the proposed royalty system, the payment would instead be linked to the sale of the mineral product. This approach is more closely tied to actual sales. More significantly, the tax rate would fall as the mineral is processed further. The Tax Code sets a rate of 13% for ore, 10% for concentrate, and 7% for metals. A miner selling raw ore would therefore face almost twice the royalty rate of a company producing metal, giving businesses an incentive to process more of their output in Kazakhstan. Putting the system into practice has proved more difficult. The government says it still needs to decide how royalties should be calculated on minerals recovered from old tailings and other mining waste, and how the rules should treat expensive new projects and valuable minerals produced alongside a mine’s main commodity. The proposed rules will be tested against mining companies’ financial models before they take effect. The Finance Ministry had previously raised concerns about a rapid transition to royalties. In 2024, the State Revenue Committee estimated that applying rates similar to those used in Western Australia could reduce annual budget revenue by about KZT 270 billion ($606 million), while extending royalties to all subsoil users could result in losses of about KZT 450 billion ($1.01 billion). Those estimates do not apply directly to the much narrower reform now planned, which covers only future licenses in areas where subsoil use rights had not previously been granted. They do, however, help explain the government’s caution over changes to subsoil taxation. The State Revenue Committee says tax payments from more than 7,000 subsoil users, including oil and gas producers, account for around 35% of Kazakhstan’s republican budget revenue. The postponement therefore leaves the main structure of the reform intact but gives the government another two years to decide how it will work in practice. The Times of Central Asia previously examined the arguments surrounding the reform and Kazakhstan’s effort to link mining taxation with greater domestic processing.

4 days ago

Sports Education

Kazakh National University of Sports Joins Olympic Studies Network

The Kazakh National University of Sports in Astana says it has become the first university in Central Asia to join a global network of academic Olympic studies centers. It announced the recognition on September 17. The Academic Olympic Studies and Research Centres network connects institutions researching the Olympic Games and the Olympic Movement. The university says around 80 such centers operate worldwide. Their work includes teaching, scientific events, and the publication of research. The network is coordinated by the International Olympic Committee’s Olympic Studies Centre in Lausanne and provides a forum for cooperation between academics in different countries. The university trains coaches, physical education teachers, sports managers, and other specialists. Its training also extends to staff for rehabilitation centers and organizers of mass sporting events. It is now developing a Center for Olympic Studies, Education and Legacy, which will focus on research into the history, values, and long-term impact of the Olympic Movement. Membership in the international network will allow the Astana center to work with universities and research centers overseas and exchange research and teaching practices, the university said. The university said support from the National Olympic Committee was an important condition for recognition. It is already working with Kazakhstan’s committee on projects involving Olympic education and research. The new center is intended to bring students and lecturers into discussion with researchers and sports professionals, making Olympic studies part of the university’s sports science and education work.

4 days ago

Food Processing

Kazakhstan’s Shin-Line Group Plans Food Industry Cluster With South Korean Support

Kazakhstan’s Shin-Line Group, a food manufacturer best known as Central Asia’s largest ice cream producer, plans to establish a food industry cluster modeled on South Korea’s Foodpolis. Korean specialists will help develop its management model and services for producers seeking to enter overseas markets. Under the agreement, the Korean side will provide consulting and expert support on the cluster’s management and development strategy. Kazakhstan’s Ministry of Agriculture describes it as the country’s first project of its kind. Foodpolis operates in the South Korean city of Iksan. The cluster brings food manufacturers and research laboratories together with centers that help businesses develop and test products. The centers also assist with certification and access to overseas buyers. Shin-Line intends to adapt this system to Kazakhstan’s market. “It is important for us to create not just a standalone site, but an entire ecosystem where producers can access technology and expertise, develop processing, and enter new markets. This is a long-term project, and we are starting by studying and adapting the best Korean experience,” Shin-Line Group President Andrey Shin said in a statement released by Kazakhstan’s Ministry of Agriculture. Shin-Line makes instant noodles and frozen prepared foods in addition to ice cream. Its total production reached 37,000 metric tons in 2025, the company reported. Kazakhstan’s Ministry of Agriculture said Shin-Line exported about 14,200 metric tons of ice cream that year, generating more than $49 million in export revenue and accounting for up to 95% of Kazakhstan’s ice cream exports. Its exports reach ten countries, including Central Asian states, China, Mongolia, and markets in the Caucasus. Korean companies also hope to use Shin-Line’s distribution network to enter Kazakhstan’s market. The two sides discussed placing Foodpolis products in approximately 70 CU convenience stores operating in Kazakhstan. This could give the companies a ready-made route into Kazakhstan’s retail market and, eventually, other Central Asian markets. The agreement continues a series of Asian partnerships for Shin-Line. In September, the company established a joint venture with Japan’s Shigemitsu Industry to develop the Ajisen Ramen chain. The partners plan to open up to 50 restaurants in Kazakhstan and other Eurasian countries between 2027 and 2031. A central kitchen will be established at Shin-Line’s facility in the Almaty Region to supply the network. Kazakhstan aims to increase the share of processed goods in its agricultural exports. In 2025, exports from its agricultural and food-processing sector generated $7 billion, up 37% from the previous year. Processed products accounted for about $3.6 billion. Expanding exports, however, depends on more than production volumes. Businesses also need help developing and certifying products, as well as access to retail networks. Shin-Line wants to bring these functions together in the future cluster.

5 days ago

Green hydrogen

South Korea’s YPP Considers $2 Billion Green Ammonia Project in Kazakhstan

South Korea’s YPP Corporation is considering building a green hydrogen and ammonia complex in the East Kazakhstan Region at an estimated cost of $2 billion. The project, outlined in a memorandum signed during President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev’s visit to South Korea, could produce up to 55,000 metric tons of green hydrogen or 310,000 metric tons of green ammonia annually. Green ammonia is made by combining nitrogen with hydrogen produced using renewable electricity. Most ammonia is currently used to make fertilizer, but it is also being developed as a low-carbon fuel and as a way of transporting hydrogen, which is more difficult and expensive to move over long distances in its pure form. For South Korea, which depends heavily on imported energy, ammonia is part of a wider effort to reduce emissions from power generation and industry. Its latest electricity plan envisages clean hydrogen and ammonia supplying 6.2% of electricity generation by 2038. Kazakhstan’s Ministry of Energy, the regional authorities, and YPP signed a memorandum covering cooperation on the Green Energy Complex project. It envisages around 1 GW of renewable generation, including wind and solar power. The Ministry of Energy says the project would proceed if it proves economically viable. YPP, a South Korean energy engineering company, signed a framework agreement with Kazakh Invest to develop the Green Energy Complex in July 2025. The project was initially conceived on a larger scale. A 2025 proposal envisaged investment of up to $3.1 billion and 2 GW of renewable power, with annual hydrogen production of as much as 75,000 metric tons. Under the latest version, the estimated cost is about $2 billion, with renewable capacity of around 1 GW. Hydrogen production is now projected at up to 55,000 metric tons a year, while planned ammonia production remains unchanged at up to 310,000 metric tons. Kazakhstan has some obvious attractions for such a project: ample space for large renewable-energy developments and an established industrial base. East Kazakhstan is one of the country’s main metallurgical and power-producing regions. It also contains a significant share of Kazakhstan’s water resources, an important consideration because producing green hydrogen by electrolysis requires both electricity and water. The harder question is whether Kazakhstan can turn those advantages into ammonia that is competitive on international markets. Green ammonia remains substantially more expensive to produce than conventional ammonia. The International Energy Agency estimated in 2025 that ammonia made using electrolysis cost about three times as much on average before policy support and carbon pricing were taken into account. Competition for Asian buyers is also growing. Samsung C&T, which was named in 2025 as a potential buyer for the project in Kazakhstan, signed a binding 15-year agreement with India’s Reliance Industries in March 2026 for green ammonia produced in India. The deal is worth more than $3 billion, with supplies due to begin in the second half of fiscal year 2029. Kazakhstan also faces a geographical disadvantage. The country is landlocked, and ammonia produced in East Kazakhstan for South Korea or other overseas markets...

5 days ago

Jewelry Industry

Kazakhstan’s Jewelry Market Faces New Rules on Gold and Hallmarking

Kazakhstan produces and exports billions of dollars’ worth of gold, yet officially recorded domestic jewelry production amounted to just $7.2 million in 2025. The government now plans to tackle the gray areas of the market, from the origin of gold used by workshops to scrap from pawnshops and mandatory hallmarking of jewelry. According to the Ministry of Industry and Construction, the domestic jewelry market was worth about $168 million last year, up 3.4% from 2024. But market participants say that a significant share of trade in precious metals and jewelry remains outside the formal economy. The contrast is particularly striking given Kazakhstan’s position as a major gold producer and exporter. According to international trade statistics for 2025, Switzerland imported more than $1.1 billion worth of unwrought and semi-manufactured gold from Kazakhstan, the United Kingdom about $561 million, and Azerbaijan about $262 million. Together, those three destinations alone accounted for nearly $2 billion. Kazakhstan’s own reported export figures under the same trade category were considerably lower, highlighting a substantial discrepancy between the two sets of customs data. The path gold takes from extraction to a local jewelry workshop remains one of the industry’s weak points. Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of National Economy Serik Zhumangarin said jewelers need a legal and affordable source of raw material. “We have major jewelry centers, and it is important to preserve this heritage and bring as much of the industry as possible into the legal economy,” Zhumangarin said, citing the importance of giving jewelers access to legally sourced gold. Pawnshops are another part of the gray market. In 2025, they sent about 3.2 metric tons of precious-metal scrap and waste to Tau-Ken Altyn for processing, down from 3.8 tons a year earlier. Tau-Ken Altyn operates a major precious-metals refinery in Astana. Refining involves purifying mined or recycled metal to a high degree of purity. The government is now considering requiring jewelry scrap and waste to be transferred to refiners. The authorities also want to revise the rules governing its acceptance and subsequent sale. The exact size of the shadow market is unknown. In 2024, Kaysar Zhumagaliyev, head of Kazakhstan’s League of Jewelers, said as much as 99% of the market was operating in the shadows. The association estimated the gray market at approximately $850 million to $960 million a year, using the average exchange rate for 2024. Zhumagaliyev linked it to underground workshops, smuggling, and gold purchases outside official channels. The government’s latest figures offer a more cautious picture, but they clearly illustrate the gap between registered businesses and the control system. In 2024, only 45 market participants submitted jewelry for mandatory hallmarking. In 2025, that number rose to 959. Tax authorities count 3,520 taxpayers working with jewelry, meaning that about 27% of them submitted products for mandatory hallmarking last year. A hallmark certifies the fineness of the precious metal and indicates that a piece has passed through the legal control system. The procedure therefore provides the authorities with one of the few measurable indicators...

5 days ago

Education

Kazakhstan Tests AI After Finding 700 Errors in School Textbooks

Kazakhstan is testing artificial intelligence (AI) as part of an overhaul of school textbooks after the Education Ministry identified around 700 errors in existing educational materials. A pilot digital textbook platform is already being used in 40 schools while the authorities consider how AI could improve future editions. One of the more striking errors is in an 11th-grade history textbook, which still refers to the capital as Nur-Sultan, even though the name Astana was restored in September 2022. Education Minister Zhuldyz Suleimenova confirmed on September 8 that the textbook, last updated in 2024, will be reissued next year. Suleimenova referred to the pilot as AI-oqulyq, a name combining AI with oqulyq, the Kazakh word for textbook. It brings school textbooks together on a single platform and incorporates AI tools for working with their content. The ministry’s review covered educational materials from different publishers across 16 subjects. The problems identified include outdated information and factual inaccuracies. Publishers are required to correct and reissue problematic books at their own expense. The ministry has also referred the matter to the Department of Economic Investigations, part of the Financial Monitoring Agency, because some of the same errors remained despite an earlier allocation of public funds. President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev publicly raised the issue of textbook quality in August. He was particularly critical of history materials containing unreliable information and accounts of supposed heroes and events that, he said, never existed. Tokayev argued that patriotic education should not be based on falsified history. AI is also becoming part of Kazakhstan’s school curriculum. Digital Literacy in grades 1–4 is being expanded to include artificial intelligence, while Computer Science in grades 5–11 is becoming Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence. In grades 10–11, students are expected to study machine learning and neural networks and learn how to analyze data. Separately, Kazakhstan has begun piloting a national AI-powered education platform intended to personalize learning by adapting assignments to students’ abilities and identifying gaps in their knowledge. The first stage began in September in 10 small rural schools, with further expansion planned. At university level, Qazaq AI Research University in Astana is admitting around 600 students in its first intake for the 2026–27 academic year. Kazakhstan is moving relatively quickly to introduce the technology into schools, while education systems elsewhere continue to debate how generative AI should be used. UNESCO recommends a human-centered approach, with teacher training and safeguards to protect children and their personal data. Using the technology to check textbooks carries its own risk because generative AI can produce convincing text containing false information or incorrect dates. AI may help identify inconsistencies across large amounts of material, but expert review remains necessary before textbooks are published. For the Education Ministry, however, the more immediate challenge is correcting the hundreds of errors already found in school materials. The AI-oqulyq pilot will test whether the technology can help prevent similar mistakes from reaching classrooms.

2 weeks ago

Middle Corridor

Kazakhstan Transport Sector Needs 57,000 Specialists as Middle Corridor Expands

Kazakhstan is expanding railways and logistics capacity along routes linking China and Europe, but its transport sector has identified a need for around 57,000 specialists. Digitalization is creating demand for 31 new professions. Transport Minister Nurlan Sauranbayev announced the figures at a government meeting on September 8. Around 870,000 people currently work in the sector – nearly one in ten employed people in the country. Locomotive drivers, other drivers, engineers, technicians, logistics specialists, pilots, air traffic controllers, ship captains, and mechanics are among those in particularly high demand. The skills required are also changing. Railways need digital logistics specialists and automation experts, while the road sector needs specialists in Building Information Modeling (BIM), smart roads, and construction robot operators. In aviation, new roles include AI-assisted air traffic controllers, air traffic design specialists, and drone operators. BIM makes it possible to create a digital model of an infrastructure asset containing technical data and use it throughout design, construction, and operation. Kazakhstan’s workforce needs coincide with major investment in transport infrastructure. The country occupies the central section of the Middle Corridor, the route connecting China with Europe through Central Asia, the Caspian Sea, and the South Caucasus. Its importance has grown since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine prompted some freight flows to shift toward routes bypassing Russia. In February, the World Bank approved an $846 million guarantee designed to mobilize $1.41 billion in commercial financing for the development of Kazakhstan’s railway network along the Middle Corridor. The project includes the 322-kilometer Moyynty-Kyzylzhar railway line, which will shorten the route by 149 kilometers and relieve some of the most congested sections of the network. In January 2026, IFC, the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, and Standard Chartered announced up to $300 million in financing for the electrified railway bypass around Almaty. The financing announcement said the line was expected to reduce pressure on the Almaty railway junction by more than 40% and cut freight delivery times by as much as 24 hours. Working train movements had already begun in December 2025. Kazakhstan’s universities and colleges are currently training around 44,000 students in transport-related fields, more than 28,000 of them on government-funded grants. However, that figure cannot be directly compared with the sector’s need for 57,000 specialists: the students are at different stages of their education, while many jobs require professional experience. The industry is therefore also retraining its existing workforce. Kazakhstan’s national railway company, Kazakhstan Temir Zholy (KTZ), operates four regional training centers as well as laboratories and training grounds. The JOLSHY platform has been launched in the road sector to connect employers, specialists, students, and training organizations, while a separate training center is being established for the aviation industry. For the Middle Corridor, Kazakhstan’s growing demand for skilled workers could become another constraint on expansion. The faster the route between China and Europe grows, the more people will be needed to keep it running.

2 weeks ago

Fiscal Policy

Kazakhstan Bond Market Proposed Tax Changes Aim to Attract $3 Billion in Foreign Investment

Kazakhstan is preparing tax changes to make it easier for foreign investors to trade bonds issued by quasi-state entities through international depository systems. The authorities estimate potential foreign investment in the market at around $3 billion. The problem currently arises after the securities have been purchased. If a foreign investor sells the bonds on a Kazakh stock exchange, capital gains are exempt from tax. But if the same securities are sold outside a local exchange, that exemption does not apply. For international investors, this is an important distinction. Kazakhstan wants to make quasi-state sector bonds accessible through Euroclear and Clearstream, international central securities depositories and settlement systems through which major banks and funds hold and trade securities from different countries. Transactions within these systems can take place without going through a Kazakh stock exchange. National Bank Deputy Governor Aliya Moldabekova said capital gains from non-residents’ sales of quasi-public sector bonds on the Kazakhstan Stock Exchange were exempt from tax. However, the legislation did not provide the same treatment when those securities were subsequently sold outside Kazakhstani stock exchanges. The authorities propose eliminating this discrepancy by extending the tax exemption to relevant off-exchange transactions. The approach was backed on September 7 by the government’s Project Office for the implementation of the Tax Code. The Ministry of National Economy and the Ministry of Finance will now work on the necessary legislative amendments. This is a sizable market. There are currently around 17.6 trillion tenge, or roughly $39 billion, in outstanding tenge-denominated bonds issued by Kazakhstan’s quasi-public sector entities. The government estimates potential demand from non-residents at around 1.4 trillion tenge, or about $3 billion. The calculation is based on the average 8.1% share held by non-residents in Kazakhstan’s government securities market during the first eight months of 2026. It is a benchmark rather than a forecast of actual capital inflows. Expanding access to quasi-state company bonds is part of a broader overhaul of Kazakhstan’s domestic debt market. In April, the National Bank announced that Euroclear had begun a project to make Kazakhstan’s government bonds eligible for settlement through its international system. A direct link with Euroclear is planned for 2027, while an international link with Clearstream is already operating. A primary dealer system for government securities also began operating on May 4. Five banks were appointed to support demand and provide two-way quotes for selected securities on the secondary market. The National Bank expects the system to broaden the investor base and help create conditions for Kazakhstan’s government bonds eventually to be included in global debt benchmarks, including the JPMorgan GBI-EM Index. Major Kazakh borrowers, meanwhile, are already looking beyond the domestic market for financing. In August, KazMunayGas raised 3.5 billion yuan, around $490 million, through a yuan-denominated bond offering. The final issue was nearly three times the size of the company’s first yuan bond offering a year earlier.

2 weeks ago

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