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Kyrgyzstan Strengthens Fight Against Corruption

Kyrgyzstan’s president, Sadyr Japarov, has signed a new law to intensify the fight against corruption by introducing tougher penalties for offenders and eliminating opportunities for them to avoid imprisonment. Under the new legislation, individuals convicted of corruption will no longer be able to pay fines or compensate the state for damages in exchange for avoiding prison sentences. Instead, they will be required to serve a mandatory prison term - even if they confess to their crimes. The new law amends Article 79 of Kyrgyzstan’s Criminal Code by adding Part 1/1. According to this amendment: Offenders who plead guilty and fully compensate the material damage caused to the state for crimes listed under Articles 336-348 (corruption and other offenses against state and municipal interests) must receive a prison sentence. The sentence will be no less than half the minimum term prescribed under the relevant criminal article. Additionally, corrupt individuals will be permanently barred from holding state or municipal positions, regardless of whether their criminal record is later expunged. This law signals Kyrgyzstan’s commitment to eradicating corruption within state structures. Authorities believe it will create the necessary mechanisms to deter corrupt activities and hold offenders accountable. One of the country’s most high-profile corruption cases involved former customs officer and oligarch Raimbek Matraimov, nicknamed “Million.” As previously reported by The Times of Central Asia, Matraimov avoided imprisonment by paying over $200 million to the state, sparking public outrage over leniency in sentencing. The new law addresses such loopholes, ensuring that financial restitution alone will no longer suffice to escape imprisonment. This reform underscores Kyrgyzstan’s broader efforts to strengthen governance, restore public trust, and ensure accountability at all levels of government.

Legislation CIS law Drugs Parliament

Kyrgyzstan MP Proposes Legalization of Marijuana

At a recent session of the Jogorku Kenesh, Kyrgyzstan's parliament, Kyrgyz MP Dastan Bekeshev proposed revising the country’s approach to drug policy. Bekeshev suggested distinguishing between the lesser and greater evils of drug use, advocating for the legalization of light natural substances, such as marijuana, while emphasizing the dangers of synthetic drugs. Bekeshev argued that banning and destroying natural drugs only drives up their prices, pushing young people toward cheaper but far more harmful synthetic alternatives. He stressed that this approach exacerbates the drug problem rather than solving it. The idea of legalizing light drugs is not new for Bekeshev. In 2019, he proposed creating a designated zone at the former Manas airbase where the sale and use of light drugs would be permitted. Similarly, in 2017, former National Bank head Tolkunbek Abdygulov suggested that legalizing marijuana could help boost tourism in Kyrgyzstan. These proposals have sparked heated debates among Kyrgyz society and lawmakers, with opinions divided over balancing drug control with reducing the negative consequences of drug use. Regional Context The debate on legalizing light drugs is not unique to Kyrgyzstan. Across the Eurasia region, similar proposals have surfaced but have yet to gain official approval. In 2013, Russia called on CIS countries to adopt a joint statement opposing the legalization of light drugs, citing the potential risks of their spread. In 2023, Russian Interior Minister Vladimir Kolokoltsev reiterated Moscow’s firm stance against legalization, blaming Western propaganda for negatively influencing youth. Belarus has also explored the idea of legalizing psychedelics and other light drugs. However, no official measures have been enacted, reflecting the prevailing opposition to drug legalization within the CIS. Bekeshev’s proposal continues to fuel conversations about whether Kyrgyzstan could break with the regional norm and take a different approach to drug policy. As the debate unfolds, questions remain about the potential economic and social impacts of such a move.

Legislation law Parliament Religion Government

Government Approval Becomes Mandatory for New Mosques in Kyrgyzstan

The Kyrgyz government has introduced a new regulation requiring government approval for the construction of mosques. Azamat Yusupov, the director of the State Commission on Religious Affairs (SCRA), announced the policy during a meeting of the Jogorku Kenesh, Kyrgyzstan’s parliament. Yusupov revealed that over 1,000 religious institutions in the country are currently operating without proper authorization. Of these, around 800 have been officially registered, while approximately 120 mosques remain unregistered. “In the past, mosques were often built first and registered later. Going forward, construction must be pre-approved by state authorities to ensure legal compliance. We will evaluate the necessity of building a mosque in any given area before granting permission,” Yusupov stated. The Kyrgyz parliament is also deliberating a draft law entitled “On Freedom of Religion and Religious Associations.” Prepared by the SCRA, the bill aims to address inconsistencies in existing legislation. The proposed law consists of six chapters and 40 articles, covering a range of issues related to religious freedom and regulation. Key provisions of the draft law include: Mandatory registration of religious sites. A prohibition on combining public service with religious activities. Restrictions on wearing clothing that hinders personal identification. Regulations governing the operations of religious organizations. A ban on interference by religious groups in state affairs. President Sadyr Japarov has engaged with government officials and religious leaders to discuss the draft law, stressing the importance of balancing the interests of all societal groups while safeguarding national security and citizens’ rights. The finalized version of the draft law will soon be presented to the Jogorku Kenesh for consideration and approval. If enacted, these changes are expected to significantly reshape how religious organizations operate in Kyrgyzstan It is not yet clear how ordinary believers will react to the innovations. For example, last year, the Spiritual Administration of Muslims of Kyrgyzstan, which is in line with state policy, reacted sharply to an attempt to initiate a bill banning burkas and beards. Since 2021, the country's authorities have been attempting to strengthen the secular foundations of the state by trying to establish control over various religious organizations. However, this has not prevented certain politicians from harnessing the growing religiosity of the population for their own purposes. In terms of the number of mosques per believer, Kyrgyzstan is ahead of all Central Asian countries, with 3,593 throughout the country. The largest number of mosques is in Osh Province (1,063), the smallest in Naryn Province (194). There are 46 mosques registered in Bishkek and 89 in Osh. Kyrgyzstan also has 220 religious educational institutions, most of which operate in Osh Oblast. Such data is provided by the State Commission on Religious Affairs of the Kyrgyz Republic.

law Security Legislation Parliament Government

Uzbekistan Enacts Law on “Undesirable” Foreigners

On November 15 a new law regulating foreign citizens deemed "undesirable" came into effect in Uzbekistan. The government claims that the strict measures, previously reported on by The Times of Central Asia in June, are aimed at safeguarding the country’s "sovereignty, security, and unity". The legislative process began on June 25 when Uzbekistan’s Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis (parliament) approved amendments to the law on the legal status of foreign citizens and stateless persons. These amendments introduced the concept of “undesirable elements” among foreign nationals. The Senate subsequently approved the legislation on September 21, paving the way for its implementation. Under the new law, foreign citizens and stateless persons can be classified as undesirable if they can be said to: • Threaten Uzbekistan’s sovereignty, security, or unity; • Incite enmity or hostility; or • Disrespect the honor, dignity, or history of the Uzbek people. Those designated as undesirable face a five-year ban on entering Uzbekistan, opening bank accounts, purchasing property, participating in privatizations, or engaging in financial and contractual transactions. They are, however, permitted to sell or transfer any property they own within the country. If the grounds for being deemed undesirable are not addressed during the five-year ban, the restriction is automatically extended for another five years. Conversely, individuals may apply for early removal from the list if they resolve the identified issues or if the government recommends their delisting. Individuals deemed undesirable must leave Uzbekistan voluntarily within 10 days of receiving notification. Failure to comply will result in forcible deportation.

law Parliament Legislation Gambling

Casinos in Kyrgyzstan To Open in State Buildings

The Kyrgyz parliament has passed legislation permitting gambling in state-owned facilities. This new law allows for casino activities within buildings owned by the state or enterprises with government stakes, and aims to attract investment, generate employment, and boost tax revenues. Developed by the Ministry of Economy and Commerce and presented to the Cabinet of Ministers, the law overturns previous restrictions by permitting casinos in state-owned hotels to enhance tourism and global competitiveness. Revenues from these casinos will support the development of tourist infrastructure. Historically, gambling was banned entirely in Kyrgyzstan in 2012, but a 2022 law reintroduced it under strict conditions, allowing only foreign nationals to participate. Kyrgyz citizens remain barred from casino entry, and the State Service for Regulation and Supervision of the Financial Market closely oversees operations to ensure compliance.

salary law Legislation Banking Finance

Kyrgyzstan Proposes to Fine Employers for Paying Wages in Cash

The Kyrgyz Ministry of Economy has proposed introducing fines for legal entities for paying salaries in cash. The relevant draft law has already been submitted to the parliament, the Jogorku Kenesh, for consideration. According to the law, wages shall be paid in non-cash form except in cases of force majeure, emergency, or disaster, as well as certain types of activities or in certain territories of the country. Employers who fail to fulfill the requirement to pay wages in non-cash form can be fined 5,000 soms ($59.2). The new article, proposed to the Code of Offenses, aims to combat the shadow economy and encourage the transition to non-cash payments. In general, the country has already developed several measures for this purpose. Among them is the installation of online cash registers in retail outlets and service enterprises. In 2022, about 65,000 online cash registers were installed in the country, a significant step towards transparency of financial flows. In addition, the government is utilizing tax incentives and developing an e-invoicing system, which helps track transactions and increase tax revenues.