Bilateral Trade - The Times Of Central Asia

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Why Kyrgyzstan and China Are Reporting Different Figures on Bilateral Trade

At a press conference in Bishkek, Azamat Jumabekov, a representative of Kyrgyzstan's Chamber of Commerce and Industry, explained the significant difference in Kyrgyzstan-China trade statistics reported by Kyrgyz and Chinese authorities. According to Jumabekov, this happens because significant parts of goods that arrive in Kyrgyzstan from China are intended for further transit to other countries. Still, the owners register their goods as exports to Kyrgyzstan; hence, the Chinese statistics are incorrect. For instance, according to the National Statistical Committee of Kyrgyzstan, the volume of Chinese goods imported to Kyrgyzstan in 2023 was $5.4 billion; the Chinese Customs Administration reported the figure as $19.7 billion. Kyrgyz statistics show that in the first half of this year, Kyrgyzstan imported $3.1 billion worth of Chinese goods, a 42.5% increase compared to the same period last year. According to the Chinese Customs Administration, in the first half of 2024, China exported goods worth $9.4 billion to Kyrgyzstan and imported $95.5 million. According to Chinese statistics, China's trade turnover with Central Asian countries increased by 11.3% in the first half of 2024 compared to the same period in 2023, reaching $44.32 billion. Trade with Kazakhstan increased by 19.4%, amounting to $21.7 billion. Trade with Uzbekistan increased by 2.5%, amounting to $6.25 billion. Trade with Tajikistan decreased by 14.2%, amounting to $1.81 billion. Trade with Turkmenistan decreased by 4.9%, amounting to $5.28 billion. During the first half of 2024, China's exports to Central Asian countries increased by 14.6% to $30.21 billion. Exports from Central Asia to China increased by 4.8% to $14.11 billion. Turkmenistan was the only exception, showing a positive balance in trade with China. Exports to China amounted to $4.82 billion (mainly Turkmen natural gas), while imports from China amounted to $460.2 million.

International investment Transport and Logistics International Cooperation Bilateral Trade Industry

Uzbek Afghan Business Forum

On July 3, an Uzbek-Afghan business forum was held in Tashkent to coincide with the visit of an Afghan delegation headed by Minister of Industry and Trade Nuriddin Azizi. The major event, the forum was attended by heads of ministries and government agencies, industry, and over 1,000 business representatives from both countries. As reported by the Uzbek Ministry of Investment, Industry and Trade, Afghanistan is Uzbekistan's fifth-largest export market. In the last five years, trade between the two countries has increased almost 1.5-fold, reaching $866 million in 2023. Uzbekistan currently receives Afghan investment in 550 enterprises, 443 of which are wholly funded with Afghan capital. In his welcoming speech, Laziz Kudratov, Minister of Investment, Industry and Trade of Uzbekistan, highlighted several promising areas of cooperation, including diversifying the range of goods traded, and bolstering cooperation between producers and exporters with support of both countries’ respective departments and industry associations. The forum focused on initiatives to further develop mutual trade, such as the transition to round-the-clock border crossing operations, the establishment of trading houses, and the execution of major transport and infrastructure projects. Attention was drawn to the significant impact of more proactive engagement at the International Trade Centre in Termez on the Uzbek-Afghan border, where the creation of business-friendly conditions include a 15-day visa-free regime and tax-free zone. Nuriddin Azizi, Minister of Industry and Trade of Afghanistan, commended Uzbekistan's efforts to foster an environment conducive to bilateral trade, economic and investment cooperation. He also encouraged more proactive engagement between Afghan and Uzbek entrepreneurs by offering assurance of both sides' readiness to support new ventures and initiatives. The forum was complemented by the exhibition "Made in Afghanistan" which showcased the produce of 75 major Afghan companies from jewellery, textiles and food to electrical engineering, mining, transportation and logistics. The event concluded with the signing of several trade agreements in the chemical and agricultural sectors, as well as an agreement to establish a logistics centre. According to the Uzbek Ministry of Transport, Afghanistan is one of the key links in ensuring regional connectivity across Central and South Asia. In recent years, cargo transportation across Afghanistan has risen significantly and in 2023, the volume carried along the multimodal transport corridor Uzbekistan – Afghanistan – Pakistan increased 1.5-fold compared to 2021.

Transport cooperation International Cooperation Bilateral Trade

Kazakhstan and Singapore Join Forces to Boost Economy and Transport

On 23 May, Kazakhstan President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev’s made his first state visit to Singapore to engage in meetings with Singaporean President Tharman Shanmugaratnam focusing on connectivity, critical raw materials, and economic cooperation. Over 140 Singaporean companies and joint ventures currently operate in Kazakhstan. The country has invested over $1.7 billion in the Kazakh economy and bilateral trade is forecast to exceed $2 billion. Tokayev hailed Singapore as a time-tested and reliable partner of Kazakhstan and in talks with Singapore Prime Minister Lawrence Wong, expressed confidence that his visit would strengthen bilateral relations. Citing the complementary nature of their countries’ economies, Lawrence Wong stated that Singapore can provide a gateway to further Kazakhstan’s interaction with ASEAN countries and in turn, Kazakhstan can facilitate Singapore's rapprochement with Central Asian countries. Regarding economic and investment cooperation, the parties reaffirmed their mutual commitment to expanding joint ventures in green energy, transport and logistics, digitalization, finance, agribusiness, connectivity, e-commerce, and mining and processing of critical minerals. President Tokayev and Prime Minister Wong welcomed the implementation of Alatau City (G4 City); a thousand-kilometer Special Economic Zone to be developed by Kazakhstan with support from Singaporean company Surbana Jurong in the region of Almaty. Tokayev expressed his gratitude to the Singaporean company for developing the comprehensive master plan for the project which he described as a catalyst for boosting both his country’s economy and that of Central Asia. Tokayev and Wong also commended the partnership between Singapore’s PSA International and Kazakhstan’s national railways company Kazakhstan Temir Zholy (KTZ) aimed at increasing the potential of the Trans-Caspian International Transport Route (TITR). A Memorandum was signed by KTZ and PSA to further develop Kazakhstan’s transport and transit potential and an agreement made to increase the volume of cargo transit through Kazakhstan by means of a synergy of their assets in China. Today, KTZ operates railway terminals in China in the dry port of Xi'an and the seaport of Lianyungang. Assets held by PSA include marine terminals in six ports and railway terminals in 13 cities in China. Speaking at the Kazakhstan-Singapore Business Forum later in the day, Tokayev emphasized that because it offers “the shortest and most sustainable route from Central and East Asia to Europe,” TITR has the potential to radically enhance Eurasian cooperation. The Kazakh president outlined promising areas of cooperation between the two countries, and announcing Kazakhstan's readiness to supply critical raw materials and natural resources to Singapore, stated: “Considering that global demand for rare metals will quadruple by 2040, Kazakhstan, which has approximately 5,000 unexplored deposits, can become a reliable partner for the joint development of this potential. We have high hopes for long-term cooperation with the Indorama company, which is interested in exploring copper and phosphate deposits in Kazakhstan.” Tokayev also called on Singaporean companies to expand partnerships in the production of clean energy and the transfer of technology and expertise.

Economic Cooperation Bilateral Trade Railway

Kyrgyzstan and China Aim to Increase Trade

On May 18 in Bishkek, Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Kyrgyz Republic, Akylbek Japarov held talks with Vice Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, Liu Guozhong. Emphasizing that China is one of Kyrgyzstan’s main trade and investment partners, Japarov stated that bilateral trade turnover is growing every year and reached $19.8 billion in 2023, an increase of 30% compared to 2022. “But this is not the limit, and the Kyrgyz Republic is ready to jointly make efforts to increase all trade and economic indicators,” he stated. Japarov stressed the importance of the full and uninterrupted functionality of the Torugart and Irkeshtam checkpoints on the Kyrgyz-Chinese border to further increases in trade between the two countries. According to Japarov, the Kyrgyz side is aiming to develop transport and logistics infrastructure, removing restrictions that impede trade exchanges, and creating mutually beneficial conditions. “We would like to expand our capabilities and switch to daily and round-the-clock operation of these border checkpoints. I believe this will also be useful for the Chinese side, as it will allow an even larger volume of cargo and goods to be exported from China to Kyrgyzstan, and on to third countries. We are aiming to increase the throughput capacity of the border checkpoints to 1,000 vehicles per day,” the prime minister said. Kyrgyzstan also expects to sign protocols on new types of agricultural products and simplify procedures for the export of these products from Kyrgyzstan to China. In turn, Vice Premier Liu Guozhong noted the high level of Kyrgyz-Chinese relations and the readiness to further develop and strengthen mutually beneficial and multifaceted cooperation. Guozhong stated that construction of the China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan railway is of strategic importance for the entire region and urged that its construction start sooner. He also noted the importance of increasing trade turnover, increasing the capacity at border checkpoints, opening the new Bedel border checkpoint this year, and expanding cooperation in tourism. Guozhong also stated that the Chinese market is open to the import of Kyrgyz agricultural products.

Bilateral Trade International Cooperation

Kazakhstan and Vietnam Look to Expand Economic Cooperation

Potential areas for increasing trade between Kazakhstan and Vietnam were discussed on May 15 by the Minister of Industry and Construction of Kazakhstan, Kanat Sharlapaev and the Minister of Industry and Trade of Vietnam, Nguyen Hong Dien. The parties noted that trade turnover between the two countries amounted to US $979 million in 2023, including $958 million in the trade of industrial products. From January-March 2024, bilateral trade reached $229 million. The Vietnamese side expressed interest in developing mineral deposits in Kazakhstan, as well as engaging in cooperation in the chemical industry. In turn, the Kazakh minister echoed the high potential for industrial cooperation between the two countries. Other sectors earmarked for cooperative development included the production of equipment for light industry, mechanical engineering, energy, agriculture, and food production.

Kazakhstan Bilateral Cooperation Bilateral Trade Tajikistan

Kazakhstan and Tajikistan Plan to Double Trade to $2 Billion

On 30 April, talks held in Dushanbe between Prime Minister of Kazakhstan Olzhas Bektenov and Prime Minister of Tajikistan Kokhir Rasulzoda focused on Kazakh-Tajik cooperation in trade and investment, industrial cooperation, agriculture, transport connectivity, water, and energy. Kazakhstan is Tajikistan's fourth largest trading partner and with the aim to double bilateral trade to $2 billion, Kazakhstan announced its readiness to increase exports of 85 commodities worth about $190 million. Both governments stressed the importance of developing industrial cooperation by creating new export-oriented joint ventures, with specific reference to Kazakhstan’s large production capacity of equipment for Tajik railways, including electric and diesel locomotives, in addition to locally manufactured transformers, agricultural machinery, batteries and motor vehicles. An important issue on the bilateral agenda is cooperation in the water sector and the need for joint action to ensure the smooth operation of Tajikistan’s Bakhri Tojik reservoir during the growing season. In further discussions on agricultural cooperation, both parties noted that in January-February, bilateral trade of agricultural products totalled $84.9 million, an increase of 8.9 percent compared to the same period in 2023. Future plans include increasing Kazakh wheat and flour exports to Tajikistan, and creating joint ventures for flour milling and processing of livestock products.