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ACWA Power

Uzbekistan Lifts Import Duties and Advances ACWA Power Projects

Uzbekistan will remove unilateral import duties for seven countries as part of a government initiative to develop its construction materials sector, according to a presidential decree published on Lex.uz. The countries included in the exemption are Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt, Algeria, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and Mongolia. The Ministry of Investments, Industry and Trade, in coordination with the Chamber of Commerce and Industry, the Customs Committee, and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, has been given two months to draft a program of measures through 2027. This program will focus on lifting import duties and establishing systems for mutual recognition of certificates of origin with the designated states. A separate plan for conducting intergovernmental negotiations with each of the seven countries will also be prepared. In parallel, the interagency commission on cooperation with the World Trade Organization has been tasked with approving, within two weeks, a list of raw materials and inputs for the construction materials industry that will be exempt from customs duties until January 1, 2028. According to the decree, Uzbekistan aims to increase domestic production of construction materials to UZS 62 trillion and boost exports to $1.5 billion. The government plans to promote the use of energy-efficient and environmentally friendly materials, while facilitating investment in the sector. Projects totaling $3.5 billion are expected to be launched. Deputy Prime Minister Jamshid Khodjaev will supervise the approval of project parameters in cooperation with regional authorities and the O’zsanoatqurilishmateriallari association. Border security services have been instructed to ensure the safe passage of Uzbek business representatives through the Termez border crossing into Afghanistan. The decree coincides with Uzbekistan’s deepening economic ties with key international partners. On November 5, President Shavkat Mirziyoyev met with a delegation of Saudi companies led by Mohammad Abunayyan, chairman of ACWA Power and co-chair of the Uzbek-Saudi Business Council. The sides reviewed ongoing joint projects and explored new areas for collaboration. During the visit, four wind power plants with a combined capacity of 752 megawatts were connected to the national grid. Construction also began on five additional wind plants with a total capacity of 2.3 gigawatts, along with 300 megawatts of energy storage systems in Karakalpakstan and the Bukhara region. Work has also commenced on a 500-kilovolt power line spanning 1,790 kilometers, intended to improve energy transmission across Samarkand, the Tashkent region, Karakalpakstan, and Bukhara. The talks also addressed cooperation in transport infrastructure, IT, healthcare, agriculture, and other sectors, highlighting the government’s broader push to strengthen partnerships and attract investment across the Uzbek economy.

Import

Over Half a Million Tons of Cargo Blocked from Entering Kyrgyzstan in 2025 Over Phytosanitary Violations

In the first 11 months of 2025, Kyrgyzstan’s Department of Plant Protection, Quarantine, and Chemicalization detected 35 cases of non-compliance with phytosanitary requirements at border checkpoints. As a result, 562.5 tons of agricultural cargo were denied entry and returned to the countries of origin. According to the agency, authorities also blocked the import of more than 70,000 plant seedlings, over 11,000 flowers, and 136 cubic meters of lumber. Diplomatic notes regarding the violations were formally sent to China and the Netherlands. Violating shipments were either returned, destroyed, or decontaminated, the agency said. Officials emphasized that phytosanitary controls are a vital component of the country’s environmental safety strategy. These measures are intended to prevent the entry of dangerous quarantine organisms and to safeguard Kyrgyzstan’s agricultural sector and export capabilities. Border Challenges with Kazakhstan and Russia Despite efforts to maintain phytosanitary integrity, Kyrgyz exporters continue to face challenges at regional borders. A significant portion of Kyrgyz agricultural exports transit through Kazakhstan to reach Russia. However, Russian authorities frequently reject these shipments, citing non-compliance with their own import standards. This has led to growing criticism of Kyrgyz representatives at the Eurasian Economic Commission, with farmers accusing them of failing to effectively advocate for the interests of domestic producers. In response, the Department of Plant Protection and Quarantine has increased outreach to farmers and freight carriers, urging them to meet export quality standards and ensure that accompanying documents are completed correctly. Compounding the issue, cargo delays at the Kyrgyz-Kazakh border remain common, with transport operators sometimes waiting for several weeks. Similar bottlenecks occur periodically at the Kazakhstan-Russia border. Many Kyrgyz businesses view these delays as unjustified, given that Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, and Russia are all members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), which guarantees the free movement of goods among member states.

Jewelry

Kyrgyzstan’s Jewelry Industry Emerges from the Shadows

The jewelry industry in Kyrgyzstan is experiencing rapid growth, marked by a surge in exports, an expanded geographic reach, and a significant rise in foreign trade operations, according to official statistics. According to the National Statistical Committee, Kyrgyz jewelers quadrupled the volume of foreign trade in jewelry made from precious metals during the first four months of 2025. This figure encompasses both exports and imports. Approximately 100 kilograms of jewelry, valued at around $600,000, were exported. Export revenues increased fourfold compared to the same period in 2024. Meanwhile, imports reached 15.6 tons, worth $5.8 million, more than double the previous year’s figures. Russia and Italy were the primary destinations for Kyrgyz jewelry exports. Business Legalization and Tax Incentives Stalbek Akmatov, president of the Kyrgyz Jewelers' Union, told The Times of Central Asia that this growth was driven by the industry’s formalization, which allowed jewelers to operate legally, pay taxes, and submit accurate reports. "First of all, I would like to thank our authorities, the Jogorku Kenesh and the Cabinet of Ministers," Akmatov said. "Recently, significant changes were introduced to the Tax Code and legislation concerning precious metals. Instead of three separate taxes, VAT, sales tax, and income tax, a single tax of 0.25% has now been implemented." Akmatov noted that the new tax policy has provided a substantial boost to production and exports, while significantly reducing the size of the shadow economy, which previously accounted for over 90% of the sector. Experts estimate that less than half the industry now remains informal. Entry into the Kazakh Market Kyrgyz jewelers are also exploring new markets. Akmatov highlighted that one company has already exhibited twice at a jewelry fair in Almaty and has begun selling products featuring national designs. "The current volume of exports to Kazakhstan is small, just a few kilograms, but it's only the beginning. The potential in this direction is enormous," he told TCA. Persistent Challenges: Scrap Gold and Regulation Despite these advancements, challenges remain. One major issue is the high cost of scrap gold for local producers. As was the case five years ago, scrap gold is sold with a 5% markup over the London gold price, even though Kyrgyzstan annually produces several dozen tons of gold and even more silver. Akmatov also pointed to restrictive regulations on the circulation of precious metals. "If gold could be traded freely like a currency, our sales would increase significantly," he stated. The Jewellers' Union is currently in talks with the Ministry of Economy and Commerce on liberalizing precious metals circulation within the country.

Import

Tajikistan Introduces 20% Duty on Imported Mobile Phones

Starting July 1, 2025, Tajikistan will impose a 20% customs duty on all imported mobile phones, including both feature phones and smartphones. This marks a significant policy shift, as such devices were previously exempt from import duties. Policy Details According to Government Decree No. 364, dated June 10, the duty applies to goods classified under HS codes 8517130000 and 8517140000, which encompass mobile phones, including smartphones. The new regulation stipulates a 20% tariff based on the customs value of the imported goods. “This means that upon import, phones will be subject to a 20% charge on their declared value,” a local trade expert explained. As a result, the retail price of a single device could rise by nearly one-fifth. Expected Price Increases Analysts predict retail prices for mobile phones will rise by 15% to 25%, depending on the brand and model. The price hike is expected to shift consumer preferences, with more people likely turning to budget or second-hand devices. The government has not publicly provided an official rationale for the duty. The decree was issued without accompanying commentary. However, economists suggest the measure is intended to bolster state revenues by broadening the import tax base. Experts advise consumers planning to purchase a new phone to do so before July 1, as many foreign-manufactured models, particularly those brought in through official channels, are expected to become significantly more expensive thereafter. Tightened Import Controls This move follows earlier steps by the Tajik government to tighten oversight of the mobile phone market. Since February 1, 2023, all mobile phones and tablets must be registered through their IMEI numbers. Devices connected to local mobile networks were automatically logged into the national database during a three-month grace period. From May 1, 2023, all imported phones must undergo formal customs clearance, with IMEI numbers automatically registered upon completion. Individuals bringing phones into the country for personal use or as gifts must complete a T-6 customs form. In such cases, IMEI registration is also automatic. While IMEI registration for individuals is free, all customs-related costs are borne by importers and are typically passed on to consumers through retail pricing. As a result, Tajik consumers should expect further price pressures starting in July, likely making new mobile phones less accessible to the broader population.

Import

China Becomes Largest Importer of Kyrgyz Honey

In the first four months of 2025, Kyrgyzstan exported 143.7 tons of honey, a 47% increase compared to the same period last year, according to the Ministry of Water Resources, Agriculture, and Processing Industry. China emerged as the leading importer, purchasing 82.1 tons of Kyrgyz honey. Other major destinations included the United Arab Emirates (24.5 tons), Uzbekistan (15.1 tons), Qatar (6.3 tons), and Kuwait (4.6 tons). Meanwhile, honey imports into Kyrgyzstan have virtually ceased. Only 0.5 tons were imported in 2025, a dramatic drop from 44.8 tons the previous year. The ministry attributed this decline to robust domestic production and growing consumer confidence in local honey. EU Market Prospects Kyrgyz honey is expected to be included in the European Union’s product registry by early 2025. To gain access to the EU market, Kyrgyz authorities submitted a residue monitoring plan to the European Commission, a required step for export approval. Renowned for its flavor and health benefits, Kyrgyz honey owes its distinctive quality to the diverse herbs found in the country's mountainous regions. International Attention At EXPO 2025 in the Japanese city of Osaka, Kyrgyz honey drew significant attention. Nazim Baibosunov, a representative of the Kyrgyz diaspora in Japan, noted that the product created a stir on the opening day. One incident underscored its popularity: an 83-year-old Japanese man attempted to steal a jar of Kyrgyz honey on display. According to Japanese media, this marked the first reported theft and subsequent arrest at the exhibition.

Electricity

Kazakhstan to Import Electricity from Tajikistan to Address Energy Shortages

Kazakhstan and Tajikistan have signed an agreement on long-term cooperation in the energy sector. The agreement will remain in effect for 20 years, with the possibility of a 10-year extension. The document aims to strengthen energy security, promote environmentally friendly technologies, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Monitoring and telemetry Under the agreement, Kazakhstan will receive scheduled electricity supplies from Tajikistan, particularly from the Rogun Hydroelectric Power Plant (HPP). These imports are intended to cover planned shortages in the North-South zone of Kazakhstan’s unified power system. The price is set at $0.034 per kilowatt-hour (kWh), including VAT at a zero rate. The agreement also includes the introduction of hourly electricity metering at connection points between Kazakhstan's and Central Asia’s power grids, as well as along the Tajik border. Kazakhstan's system operator, KEGOC JSC, will receive real-time telemetry data from Tajikistan via interstate transmission lines to ensure accurate metering and efficient coordination. Electricity deliveries will follow the routes specified in the purchase agreements. The primary source will be the Rogun HPP, with supplies timed to match Kazakhstan's peak shortage periods. A long-awaited step Energy cooperation between the two countries has been under discussion for some time. In August 2024, former Kazakh Energy Minister Almasadam Satkaliev held talks on importing electricity from Tajikistan. These discussions also addressed the issue of unscheduled electricity flows between their power grids. By December 2024, plans were already in place to finalize a 20-year agreement. In February 2025, the deal was confirmed during talks between Kazakhstan’s Foreign Minister Murat Nurtleu and his Tajik counterpart, Sirojiddin Mukhriddin. “We agree that Tajik-Kazakh energy cooperation has broad prospects. We have agreed that an intergovernmental agreement on electricity will be signed in the very near future,” the Tajik foreign minister said at the time. The potential of the Rogun HPP and prospects for Kazakhstan A key element of the agreement will be the Rogun hydroelectric power plant on the Vakhsh River. Once completed, its dam will reach a height of 335 meters, making it the tallest in the world. The power plant will have a capacity of 3,600 MW, making it the largest power plant in Central Asia. This makes the project strategically important not only for Tajikistan but for the entire region. The official website of the Rogun HPP states that the facility will be the upper stage of the Vakhsh cascade and will play a key role in ensuring sustainable energy supplies. The agreement is expected to not only enable Kazakhstan to stabilize its energy balance during peak loads, but also open up new opportunities for cross-border cooperation. With the growing demand for green energy, the strategic alliance with Tajikistan could become an important element of the country's energy transition. The resolution enters into force on the day of its signing and effectively launches an intergovernmental mechanism capable of strengthening Kazakhstan's energy security for decades to come.