Fergana Valley - The Times Of Central Asia

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Transport

Osh Airport to Undergo Modernization

On February 14, Kyrgyzstan’s President Sadyr Japarov laid the foundation stone for the construction of a new airport complex at Osh International Airport, the country’s second-largest city. Expanded Facilities and Increased Capacity According to the presidential press service, the new terminal will offer modernized passenger facilities, including: A spacious hall with improved check-in areas; A food court and recreation areas; A 650-car parking lot. The terminal will have the capacity to serve over 5 million passengers per year. Additionally, the number of aircraft parking spaces will increase by 25, and a runway extension is planned for 2026. A Key Hub for the Fergana Valley Japarov emphasized that Osh International Airport is Kyrgyzstan’s second-busiest airport and a strategic transportation hub for the entire Fergana Valley. It connects southern Kyrgyzstan with Central Asia, the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), and the Middle East. Currently, the airport is capable of handling Airbus A320 and Boeing 737 aircraft. However, built in 1974, the facility is now outdated and unable to fully meet the growing demands of passenger and cargo traffic. "The construction of a new airport complex is just the beginning of our large-scale plans," Japarov stated. "We aim to expand the airport’s route network, attract new airlines, and boost cargo transportation." Kyrgyzstan’s Broader Airport Modernization Efforts Japarov highlighted Kyrgyzstan’s ongoing efforts to modernize regional airports, noting recent developments: Karakol International Airport and Talas Airport have been put into operation. Runway renovations were completed at Jalal-Abad, Kazarman, and Batken airports. Reconstruction is underway at Issyk-Kul International Airport and Naryn Airport. Construction of a new airport in Jalal-Abad is set to begin soon. In 2024, Kyrgyzstan purchased two Canada-manufactured Bombardier Dash 8 Q400 short-haul aircraft for domestic routes. Two more are expected to be acquired later this year.

Fergana Valley

The Ferghana Valley: Navigating Complex Challenges in Central Asia’s Most Volatile Region

The Ferghana Valley is one of Central Asia’s most fertile and densely populated areas, but it is also among the most volatile. Spanning Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan, this landlocked region has long been a hotbed of ethnic tension, water disputes, and political instability. These challenges are deeply rooted in the geography, history, and sociopolitical landscape, making the valley a key focal point for understanding broader regional dynamics in Central Asia. Geographical Importance and Ethnic Diversity Nestled between the towering Tien Shan and Pamir Mountain ranges, the Ferghana Valley covers over 22,000 square kilometers. It is fertile land nourished by the Syr Darya River, making it a critical area for cultivating cotton, fruits, and vegetables. These natural resources have historically drawn diverse populations, creating a vibrant ethnic mosaic. The valley is home to Uzbeks, Kyrgyz, and Tajiks, as well as smaller ethnic groups. While ethnic Uzbeks form the majority, significant Kyrgyz and Tajik minorities inhabit border regions. The ethnic diversity of the Ferghana Valley is both a strength and a source of tension. Soviet-era border policies exacerbated these divisions by creating artificial boundaries that crisscrossed the valley, leaving behind ethnic enclaves — pockets of one nationality surrounded by the territory of another. These enclaves have complicated governance and territorial integrity, making border management a persistent challenge. The Soviet Legacy and Border Disputes During Soviet rule, the Central Asian republics were organized under Stalin’s divide-and-rule strategy, which deliberately created complex borders to weaken local identities and prevent regional unity. The Ferghana Valley, divided among three Soviet republics, is a prime example of this approach. After the Soviet Union's collapse in 1991, the administrative boundaries became international borders overnight between Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. The lack of clearly defined borders has sparked numerous conflicts over territory, water, and land. A notable clash between Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan in 2021 resulted in over 40 deaths and the destruction of homes and infrastructure. Many disputes revolve around access to scarce resources like water and arable land. These issues have escalated into violent confrontations, leading to casualties and the displacement of local populations. Water: A Scarce and Contested Resource Water is the lifeblood of the Ferghana Valley, but disputes over its allocation are a major source of tension. The valley depends heavily on irrigation for its agricultural productivity, and the Syr Darya River, along with its tributaries, plays a crucial role in supplying water to the region. However, the division of the valley among the three countries complicates water management. Uzbekistan, the most populous of the three, relies on the valley’s water resources for its cotton industry, a cornerstone of its economy. Meanwhile, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, which control the headwaters of the Syr Darya, often use their upstream position to leverage water access. This dynamic has led to frequent disagreements over water usage. For instance, Kyrgyzstan has at times threatened to withhold water unless it receives compensation, either through payments or electricity. Ethnic Tensions and Political Instability Ethnic tensions further complicate the Ferghana Valley’s already volatile...

Kyrgyzstan Russia Tajikistan Central Asia Terrorism Islamic State Migration Uzbekistan Fergana Valley

Terrorism: Central Asia migrants in Moscow recruited by ISIS

WASHINGTON (TCA) — The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) targets Central Asians in their home countries online and abroad, and thousands are believed to be fighting for ISIS in Iraq and Syria. Culturally vibrant and famously unstable, the Ferghana Valley is notorious for being a hotbed for terrorism in Central Asia — and it is the origin for many Central Asian fighters in the Middle East. Infamous for birthing the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan, this valley is shared between Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan, and the porous borders make it easy for insurgents to pass between countries under the radar. Continue reading

Fergana Valley Transport Uzbekistan Road

Azeri company to complete strategic road in Uzbekistan

TASHKENT (TCA) — Uzbekistan has chosen a new contractor to complete the reconstruction of the country’s strategic motor road running through the Kamchik mountain pass, Sputnik news agency reported. Continue reading

Central Asia Terrorism Islamic State Uzbekistan Islam Fergana Valley

Uzbekistan: secularisation policies and terrorism

LONDON (TCA) — Videos have emerged last week of a largely Uzbek group called The Iman Bukhari Jamaat (IBJ) fighting Kurdish forces with mortars, machine guns and crude artillery pieces — another militant group fuelling the fire of war and instability in the nearby regions. Continue reading

Kyrgyzstan Fergana Valley Crime Border Uzbekistan Economy Security Central Asia Tajikistan

Kyrgyzstan’s border trouble between crime and economics

OSH, Kyrgyzstan (TCA) — In the southwest of Kyrgyzstan, with its important Uzbek minority and arguable borders there is a potential cause for confrontation with Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. At stake are precious irrigation water and mineral resources. Continue reading