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Education

English Proficiency Index: Kazakhstan Still Among Least Fluent Countries

Kazakhstan ranks 103rd out of 116 countries in the 2024 EF English Proficiency Index (EF EPI), improving by just one position from the previous year. Despite this slight progress, the country remains in the group of nations with very low English proficiency, according to Ranking.kz analysts. Leading the global rankings was the Netherlands, scoring 636 out of 700 points, followed by Norway, Singapore, Sweden, and Croatia. In the Eurasia region, Belarus and Russia performed best, achieving scores of 539 and 532 respectively, while Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan showed comparatively low results. Regional and Historical Context In Kazakhstan, the highest proficiency scores were recorded in Almaty (476 points) and the Almaty region (475 points), with Astana, Akmola, Kostanai, and Pavlodar regions also performing relatively well. Since Kazakhstan’s first appearance in the EF EPI rankings in 2011, where it ranked last among 44 participants, little progress has been made. Current scores remain similar to those recorded over a decade ago. Globally, English remains the most widely spoken language, with over 1.5 billion speakers in 2024, according to Ethnologue. The Cost of Learning English in Kazakhstan English education costs in Kazakhstan vary widely depending on the method of instruction: Individual lessons: Average 96,000 KZT ($182) for a course of 12 sessions. Private tutors: Range from 15,300 KZT ($29) to 54,000 KZT ($102) per month. Online tutors: Cost between 48,000 and 96,000 KZT ($91 to $182) monthly. AI-assisted classes: Start at 5,000 KZT ($9.5) and go up to 25,000 KZT ($47), depending on the number of assignments. Group lessons: Range from 36,000 KZT ($68) to 64,000 KZT ($121) for 12 lessons. In major cities, free courses and conversation clubs organized by libraries and language centers provide alternative learning opportunities. The low level of English proficiency in Kazakhstan continues to be a pressing issue, requiring systematic reforms. Analysts emphasize that improving the situation will demand enhanced educational programs, more accessible learning opportunities, and greater public engagement in mastering the language.

Migration

Young Uzbek Men Dominate Russia’s Migrant Workforce in 2024

A recent analysis by the "Migrant Service" platform has outlined the profile of the average migrant worker in Russia for 2024. According to the study, the typical migrant is a 28-year-old married man from Uzbekistan, residing in or near Moscow. The survey, which included approximately 63,000 participants, revealed key demographic trends among migrant workers in Russia. Most respondents identified as Muslim men aged 28, though the age range spanned from 18 to 37 years. Uzbekistan Leads Migration Statistics The majority of migrant workers in Russia come from Uzbekistan, accounting for 55.4% of the total. Tajikistan follows with 39.89%, while Armenia, Kyrgyzstan, Belarus, and Kazakhstan collectively contribute 4.82% of the migrant population. “For migrants, family and children are the highest priorities,” the analysts noted. This focus is reflected in remittance patterns: 67% of respondents send money to their families once a quarter, and 41% remit more than 50% of their income. Growing Demand for Migrant Labor The survey also highlights the increasing reliance on Central Asian migrants to address labor shortages in Russia. This trend, as previously reported by the Times of Central Asia, has been exacerbated by Russia's ongoing war in Ukraine, which has intensified the demand for additional workers.

Society

BBC Women of the Year List Includes Two Nominees From Central Asia

The BBC has unveiled its annual list of the world’s most inspiring women. The introduction to the list says that the “BBC 100 Women Project highlights women who have shown remarkable determination to drive change in a year marked by global upheaval.” Alongside figures such as Nobel laureate Nadia Murad, actress Sharon Stone, Olympians Rebeca Andrade and Allyson Felix, singer Ray, artist Tracey Emin, climate activist Adenike Oladosu, and writer Cristina Rivera Garza, the list of nominees includes two women from Central Asia. They are: Dilorom Yuldasheva (Uzbekistan) [caption id="attachment_26251" align="aligncenter" width="300"] @BBC| Dilorom Yuldosheva, Uzbekistan[/caption] A seamstress and entrepreneur, two years ago Dilorom Yuldasheva lost both legs in an accident. Undeterred, she pursued her dream of empowering young women in Uzbekistan to earn livelihoods and develop new skills. Yuldasheva established a tailoring business after studying entrepreneurship and resource management. In a short time, she trained over 40 students, offering free classes as her business grew. She secured contracts to produce clothing for workers and schoolchildren, creating income opportunities for herself and dozens of other women. Zhanylsynzat Turganbayeva (Kyrgyzstan) [caption id="attachment_26252" align="aligncenter" width="300"] @BBC| Zhanylsynzat Turganbaeva, Kyrgyzstan[/caption] Zhanylsynzat Turganbayeva is devoted to preserving and restoring Kyrgyz cultural heritage. She runs an ethnology museum in Bishkek, showcasing unique national artifacts. Her charitable efforts focus on safeguarding Kyrgyz literature, including the epic Manas. This UNESCO-recognized work spans approximately 500,000 lines—20 times the length of Homer’s Odyssey—and recounts the story of a hero who unites 40 Kyrgyz tribes. Turganbayeva creates resources and opportunities for “manaschi,” the traditional performers of the epic. These women exemplify courage and perseverance, inspiring others to bring positive change to their communities.

Social protection

Uzbekistan Engages Elders in Poverty Alleviation Efforts

In a unique initiative, Uzbekistan is involving community elders as mentors to support poor families. This program, outlined in a decree by President Shavkat Mirziyoyev, seeks to reduce poverty and enhance living conditions for disadvantaged populations. Empowering Through Mentorship Under the “From Poverty to Prosperity” program, elders will mentor families in agricultural practices, promoting self-sufficiency through farming. The initiative also assists families in renting mobile stores and obtaining equipment to start small businesses. In addition to economic support, the program encourages healthy living. Mentors will educate families about balanced diets, physical activity, and disease prevention. Elders will also engage citizens in community service and address child-rearing issues within impoverished households. This approach combines the efforts of the state, society, and active citizens, creating a unique model of community-driven poverty alleviation in Uzbekistan. Comprehensive Anti-Poverty Measures The “From Poverty to Prosperity” program aims to lift 500,000 people out of poverty by the end of 2024 and an additional 1 million in 2025. In September 2024, Mirziyoyev approved initiatives focused on entrepreneurship, vocational training, and infrastructure development in low-income areas. In 2025, $1.6 billion will be allocated to infrastructure projects, including installing water pumps and solar panels in 300 underdeveloped neighborhoods. These measures aim to unlock the potential of citizens while encouraging personal responsibility for wellbeing.

Politics

Turkmenistan Authorities Set Up Fake Bazaars for U.S. Ambassador’s Visit

Ahead of U.S. Ambassador to Turkmenistan Elizabeth Rood's visit to the Balkan region, local authorities undertook misleading measures to create a favorable impression of the area. According to Radio Azatlyk, markets in the city of Turkmenbashi were artificially overstocked with food products, and English teachers were deployed as market vendors. On November 22, the U.S. Embassy in Ashgabat reported on Ambassador Rood's visit to Balkan. During her visit, the ambassador met with local business representatives and U.S. companies operating in Turkmenistan, reaffirming the U.S. commitment to expanding investment and commercial ties to promote economic growth and shared prosperity. In preparation for the visit, Turkmenbashi city authorities reportedly instructed English teachers to pose as vendors at local markets, including the Kenar market and other major trading hubs. These measures were designed to create the illusion of a thriving marketplace and well-being among residents. Local sources revealed that the product variety was artificially increased for the occasion, and teachers donned vendor attire to serve shoppers. Such practices are common in Turkmenistan during high-profile visits. In addition to market modifications, Turkmenbashi authorities temporarily banned cars manufactured before 2015 from city roads to present an image of affluence. Observers noted that only new and expensive cars were visible, reinforcing the portrayal of prosperity. While official sources did not confirm visits to local markets by U.S. representatives, local authorities took preventive measures to pre-empt potential criticism. Campaign-style meetings were held in school and cultural assembly halls, where officials from the hakimlik, Trade Union, and Women’s Union instructed residents not to discuss food shortages or economic issues with outsiders, to maintain order in queues for cooking oil, and to report anyone photographing lines.

Education

Uzbekistan to Create ‘Schools of Courage’ for Pre-Conscription Training

Uzbekistan's President Shavkat Mirziyoyev signed a decree on November 15 to enhance the system of initial pre-conscription training for young citizens. As a result, one “school of courage” will be established at a school in each district and city of the country. The primary objective of these schools is to instill patriotism, physical fitness, and spiritual growth in the younger generation. Students will receive advanced instruction in mathematics, history, physical education, foreign languages, physics, and initial pre-conscription training (IPT). Selection for the “schools of courage” will begin from the fifth grade. These schools will feature an expanded curriculum, including robotics, medical training, legal literacy, and national sports. Practical training will be conducted biannually at military ranges and quarterly at military units. Higher military and paramilitary educational institutions will oversee the schools, providing educational and methodological support. In other schools across the country, pre-conscription training will be taught for two hours weekly, with an additional hour for grades 10–11. Starting June 1, 2025, the position of deputy director for patriotic education will be discontinued, with its responsibilities transferred to the Ministry of Defense. In its place, a new position—head of IPT—will focus on military and patriotic training for schoolchildren. This initiative is part of ongoing efforts to enhance patriotic education, as discussed in a recent presidential meeting. It is envisioned that the “schools of courage” will play a vital role in the national education system, fostering loyal and well-rounded citizens.