Our People > Stephen M. Bland

Stephen M. Bland

Senior Editor and Head of Investigations

Stephen M. Bland is a journalist, author, editor, commentator and researcher specialising in Central Asia and the Caucasus. Prior to joining The Times of Central Asia, he has worked for NGOs, think tanks, as the Central Asia expert on a forthcoming documentary series, for the BBC, The Diplomat, EurasiaNet, and numerous other publications. Published in 2016, his book on Central Asia was the winner of the Golden Laureate of Eurasian Literature. He is currently putting the finishing touches to a book about the Caucasus. www.stephenmbland.com

Articles

Aral Sea Art and Culture Soviet Legacy Nukus Savitsky Gallery

Art Against All Odds: The State Museum of Karakalpakstan’s Tale of Survival and Defiance

Once a flourishing hub of agriculture, Karakalpakstan has been transformed into one of the most perilous environments on Earth. Rampant health crises, including respiratory diseases, typhoid, tuberculosis, and cancer, plague its population. Birth defects and infant mortality rates are alarmingly high. The root of this devastation lies in the deliberate collapse of the Aral Sea, drained for irrigation, which has triggered toxic dust storms blanketing a 1.5 million square kilometer area. Carrying carcinogens and nitrates, these storms, once rare, now strike ten times per year, spreading sickness and despair. [caption id="attachment_27445" align="aligncenter" width="2560"] The State Museum of Karakalpakstan; image: TCA, Stephen M. Bland[/caption] Amid this harsh and desolate landscape lies a surprising beacon of cultural preservation — the State Art Museum of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, located in its capital, Nukus. Its existence is extraordinary, not least because of how it came to be and how it has endured. Protected by the remoteness of the region, this museum safeguards one of the most remarkable collections of banned avant-garde art, amassed through the daring vision of Igor Savitsky. The Ukrainian-born painter, archaeologist, and art collector defied the Soviet regime, risking being labeled an enemy of the state, to rescue thousands of prohibited works. These pieces, forged by a forgotten generation of artists, now provide an extraordinary glimpse into a turbulent period of history. [caption id="attachment_27446" align="aligncenter" width="972"] Aleksandr Volkov, Chaikhana with a Portrait of Lenin; image: TCA, Stephen M.. Bland[/caption] Among the luminaries memorialized in the museum is Aleksandr Volkov, whose vibrant oil paintings brim with the energy and colors of Central Asian life. Born in Ferghana, his Cubo-Futurist style clashed sharply with Stalin’s Soviet ideals, leading to his ostracism as a bourgeois reactionary. Dismissed from his roles and expelled from Russian galleries, Volkov lived out his final years in isolation, banned from contact with the artistic community. Though he escaped the gulags, he was silenced until his death in 1957 under orders from Moscow. Volkov’s work, a symphony of geometric brilliance, survive today as a testament to his resilience. [caption id="attachment_27447" align="aligncenter" width="500"] Lev Galperin, On His Knees; image: TCA, Stephen M. Bland[/caption] Painted defiance is also seen in Lev Galperin's surviving piece, On His Knees. A unique fusion of Dada and Cubism, it represents his bold challenge to Soviet authority. Galperin, a well-traveled artist from Odessa, returned to the Soviet Union in 1921 only to be ensnared. Arrested on Christmas Day in 1934 for his so-called counter-revolutionary art, his trial marked him as an outspoken critic of the regime. Sentenced to execution, his sole piece saved from oblivion speaks of his courage and the high cost of dissent. [caption id="attachment_27448" align="aligncenter" width="1170"] Nadezhda Borovaya, Sawing Firewood; image: nukus.open-museum.net[/caption] The gallery also hosts haunting sketches by Nadezhda Borovaya, which vividly document life in the Soviet gulags. Borovaya’s tragedy began in 1938 when her husband was executed, after which she was exiled to the Temnikov camp. There, she clandestinely captured the harrowing realities of camp life. Savitsky acquired these pieces by...

2 weeks ago

Disaster Response AZAL Plane Crash

Dozens Survive Azerbaijan Airlines Plane Crash in Kazakhstan

A passenger plane from Azerbaijan Airlines has crashed near Aktau, Kazakhstan, while en route from Baku to Grozny in Chechnya. Authorities and locals were left shaken but relieved as more than 30 people survived the incident. The aircraft was carrying 62 passengers and five crew members. The accident occurred during an emergency landing attempt after the plane experienced difficulties mid-flight. Initial investigations point to potential mechanical failure as the cause. Emergency response teams were quickly dispatched to the scene, providing medical aid to the injured. Survivors suffered injuries ranging from minor cuts to more serious trauma, with ongoing efforts to transfer them to nearby hospitals for further treatment. Eyewitnesses described the crash site as alarming, with significant damage to the plane’s fuselage and debris strewn across the area. “It’s incredible that so many made it out alive,” shared a local who assisted in the rescue efforts. Kazakhstan’s Ministry of Emergency Situations praised the actions of first responders for minimizing casualties. Rescue and recovery operations continue, with the crash site cordoned off to aid the investigation. Azerbaijan Airlines, meanwhile, has activated its crisis management plan, collaborating with Kazakh authorities to assist passengers and their families. “We are deeply relieved that lives were spared, and we fully support ongoing inquiries into this tragedy,” said a spokesperson for the airline. The Civil Aviation Committee in Kazakhstan announced plans for a detailed investigation, beginning with the retrieval and analysis of the plane’s black box. Azerbaijan Airlines has also temporarily grounded similar aircraft as a precautionary measure. The accident has led to renewed attention on air safety protocols in the region, underscoring the critical need for stringent maintenance and monitoring. At the same time, the survival of so many passengers has been regarded as extraordinary, with their accounts serving as a reminder of resilience and the importance of emergency readiness. [caption id="attachment_26965" align="aligncenter" width="465"] Image: VK Tula News Feed[/caption] Online footage from the Azerbaijani airline AZAL crash site reveals damage to the fuselage which certain reports have stated appears consistent with the impact patterns of air defense missile shrapnel. The veracity of these reports have yet to be verified. The authorities are expected to provide further updates on the investigation and the conditions of the injured in the coming days.

4 weeks ago

Green Energy Green Transition EU U.S. Trans-Caspian Corridor Regional Cooperation Azerbaijan Energy

Central Asia’s Pivotal Role in the Global Energy Transition

The United States and Europe are driving a global shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy, though progress has been slow. Central Asia’s oil, gas, uranium, and green hydrogen resources are expected to remain vital for Europe and global energy security for years to come. Within Central Asia, a shift to cleaner natural gas and nuclear energy is anticipated to replace coal-fired power, reducing environmental harm. Europe’s push for electrification has also renewed focus on nuclear energy, increasing the strategic and commercial value of Central Asia’s uranium deposits. On December 16, 2024, The Times of Central Asia, in cooperation with the Central Asia-Caucasus Institute and the American Foreign Policy Council, hosted a Burgut Expert Talk titled, "Central Asia in the Energy Transition". The event featured presentations by Dr. Svante Cornell and Dr. Brenda Shaffer, who outlined their takes on the topic. The discussion focused on Central Asia’s significant role in the global energy landscape, particularly in light of the push for renewable energy and Europe's efforts to diversify its energy sources. Challenging the notion of a true "energy transition," Shaffer argued that despite substantial investment in renewable energy, fossil fuels remain dominant. Shaffer pointed out that traditional biomass burning continues to be a major energy source in developing countries, posing significant health risks. Highlighting the fact that renewables often rely on a baseload of fossil fuels, Shaffer noted that this makes complete reliance on renewables impractical, especially in regions with harsh winters, such as Central Asia. Dr. Shaffer further emphasized that European policies, including the reluctance to finance fossil fuel projects and the instability of U.S. LNG exports, serve to hinder diversification efforts. Stressing the need for affordable and accessible energy solutions - particularly for developing countries - to address the issue of indoor pollution caused by traditional biomass burning, she argued that natural gas can serve as a bridge fuel, offering a cleaner alternative to traditional methods. Dr. Cornell focused on the rising importance of Central Asia as a major uranium producer, supplying a crucial element for nuclear energy, which is gaining renewed interest as a low-carbon energy source. Cornell highlighted the dependence of the EU on uranium imports and the potential for Central Asia, particularly Kazakhstan, to play a pivotal role in supplying this demand. Outlining the geopolitical dynamics surrounding uranium, Cornell noted the involvement of France, Russia, and China in Central Asia's uranium sector, emphasizing the importance of Central Asian states maintaining a balance in their foreign relations and partnering with various countries to ensure their independence in the uranium market. Drawing parallels to the oil and gas diplomacy of the 1990s - when Central Asian countries strategically engaged with multiple actors to safeguard their interests - Cornell advocated for the development of a robust domestic nuclear industry in Central Asia, enabling the region to move beyond raw material production and gain greater control over the value chain. Cornell also stressed the need for Western powers to actively engage in the region's nuclear sector, supporting the development...

1 month ago

Sadyr Japarov Azerbaijan Corruption Law and Order Courts Matriamov

Capital Over Confinement in Sentencing of Raimbek “Millions” Matraimov

Raimbek Matraimov, infamously known as “Millions” for his tremendous wealth, once wielded immense power in Kyrgyzstan. Rising to prominence as deputy chairman of Kyrgyzstan’s Customs Service from 2015 to 2017, Matraimov’s tenure became synonymous with corruption and organized crime. His activities, alleged to have funneled monumental sums of money through shadowy operations, fashioned him not only as a dominant figure within the Customs Service but also as a key player in Kyrgyzstan’s criminal underworld. The Rise of Raimbek Matraimov During his time in the Customs Service, Matraimov amassed an extraordinary fortune. His influence extended beyond bureaucratic corridors, infiltrating the political landscape of Kyrgyzstan. Whispers of his role as an organized crime leader were persistent, yet his wealth and connections left him virtually untouchable in those years. Speculation about his political influence peaked after the dramatic rise of Sadyr Japarov to Kyrgyzstan’s presidency in October 2020. Japarov’s elevation, from prison to the highest office amidst a tide of civil unrest, prompted many to suspect that Matraimov’s financial backing played a decisive role in the ascent. However, despite Japarov-appointed head of Kyrgyzstan’s State National Security Committee (GKNB), Kamchybek Tashiyev once describing him as a “good guy,” if Matraimov hoped to shelter under Japarov's influence, his expectations were soon dashed. The Turning Point Japarov’s administration showed no hesitation in targeting Kyrgyzstan’s entrenched criminal networks. With Matraimov having bounced in and out of jail since October 2020, by October 2023, the GKNB had escalated their crackdown on organized crime, culminating in the death of Kamchybek Kolbayev, the country’s top crime kingpin - a member of the “Bratva” linked to heroin trafficking - during a security operation in Bishkek. Sensing the shifting winds, Matraimov fled Kyrgyzstan shortly after Kolbayev's death. However, his flight only seemed to intensify the resolve of the government in his homeland, where the authorities began seizing Matraimov's assets and investigating his allies. Among those implicated was Matraimov’s brother, Iskender, a parliamentary deputy with significant political connections. Extradition and Arrest In late March 2024, Kyrgyzstan’s crackdown on Matraimov escalated when the GKNB detained five Azerbaijani nationals in Bishkek. These individuals, suspected members of a transnational organized crime group, were allegedly dispatched by Matraimov from Azerbaijan to assassinate top Kyrgyz government officials. This accusation - one of countless similar claims regarding assassination attempts made by the Kyrgyz authorities this year alone - led to diplomatic action, and March 26, 2024, Matraimov along with three of his brothers were extradited from Baku to Kyrgyzstan. Upon his arrival, Matraimov was immediately taken into custody. The legal net tightened further as the case against him unfolded, with allegations of illegal border crossings, hooliganism involving weapons, money laundering, and broader accusations regarding his criminal empire. Asset Seizures and Financial Settlements Prior to his sentencing, Matraimov had reportedly returned $200 million to the state budget, equivalent to over 17 billion Kyrgyz som, to be released from custody to house arrest pending his trial. Authorities also confiscated significant assets, including a 14-story business center in...

1 month ago

Literature Eurasian Creative Guild Art and Culture

Eurasian Creative Week in Scotland Celebrates International Art, Literature, and Cultural Exchange

The XIII Eurasian Creative Week took place in Greenock, Scotland, from November 28 to 30, 2024, drawing artists, writers, poets, and diplomats from 15 countries, including Kazakhstan, Russia, and Canada. Hosted at the Beacon Arts Centre, the event kicked off with the presentation of artwork from the renowned collection The Great Steppe Treasure, featuring creators such as Maria Muchinskaya and Larisa Pak. Attendees also enjoyed video messages from notable writers and public figures, fostering a spirit of collaboration and dialogue. The evening spotlighted author Alexander Kazarnovsky, who captivated the audience with readings from his acclaimed novel, War will show the plan. Continuing on November 29 at the OYO Gin House Hotel, the festival’s literary program showcased key publications by Hertfordshire Press, including Viktor Slipenchuk’s Zinziver. A highlight was the screening of an AI-created film based on Slipenchuk’s poem Chingis-Khan, which sparked discussions on historical and modern leadership. Meanwhile, OCA Magazine unveiled its special issue celebrating Uzbekistan’s vibrant Jizzakh region and key cultural figures. The day culminated in an award ceremony recognizing influential contributors, with honors like the Jonathan Fryer Medal and the Barbara Yurkowska-Nawrocka Medal celebrating efforts in literature and creative exchange. Notable award winners included Timur Akhmedjanov for his charity comic book, Elish and the Wicker Tale, and Marina Alyassova for her psychological fairy tales, Wise Tales for Children and Adults. Other honorees, such as Tajikistan’s Gulsifat Shahidi and Kazakhstan’s Alikhan Zhaksylyk, were recognized for their contributions to romance stories and innovative novels. A gala reception featured traditional dishes and a keynote speech emphasizing the importance of fostering international ties. The festival concluded on November 30 with a visit to the Watt Institution Museum, offering participants a glimpse into Scottish cultural heritage. Throughout the week, exhibits of national art and literature from countries like Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan exemplified Eurasia’s cultural diversity and creative potential. The XIII Eurasian Creative Week reaffirmed its role in strengthening international cultural collaboration.

2 months ago