The global landscape is transforming, driven by geopolitical instability, economic uncertainties, and climate-related challenges. These dynamics are fostering innovative forms of international collaboration. A notable example of this shift is the remarkable fourfold increase in trade between Central Asia and the European Union over the past seven years, culminating in an impressive €54 billion. This surge highlights a growing interest among European businesses in the diverse markets of Central Asia, strategically situated at the intersection of crucial global trade routes. Against this backdrop, the Central Asia-EU summit was held over two days in Samarkand, the “Eternal City”, on April 3-4, 2025.
During his inaugural address on April 3, 2025, Uzbekistan’s President Shavkat Mirziyoyev articulated the summit’s significance, stating his view that this gathering represented a transformative moment that could redefine regional partnerships. Mirziyoyev reflected on the deep historical connections and shared interests driving the momentum toward closer ties with the EU. The choice of Samarkand — renowned for its rich historical legacy as a center of trade, science, and diplomacy — as the venue for this significant meeting was particularly poignant, as it symbolizes the intersection of cultures and ideas.
Mirziyoyev evoked the historical interactions between Amir Temur and European monarchs, underscoring Samarkand as a melting pot of diversity and intellectual exchange. He introduced the notion of the “Samarkand spirit,” which he described as a symbol of unity and interconnectedness that could serve as the foundation for a new chapter in international relations. The President emphasized the sweeping transformations occurring in Central Asia, reinforcing Uzbekistan’s dedication to nurturing good-neighborly relations built on mutual benefit.
Miriyoyev candidly acknowledged the region’s history of conflicts and disputes but expressed hope for a shift toward constructive dialogue and trust, pointing to the recent resolution of border disputes between Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan as a concrete example of this positive trajectory. Furthermore, he elaborated on ongoing initiatives to establish border trade zones, joint investment funds, and transportation corridors that could enhance connectivity and economic collaboration. Mirziyoyev outlined several key priorities: fortifying regional security, advancing economic integration, and promoting environmental sustainability. He conveyed a sense of optimism, proclaiming, “We are facing a historic chance to make our region not only sustainable but also prosperous.”
The President discussed Uzbekistan’s comprehensive economic reforms to create a conducive business environment and liberalize the foreign exchange market. He expressed optimism that the Enhanced Partnership and Cooperation Agreement (EPCA) with the EU would significantly enhance trade and investment relations and proposed aligning the EU’s Global Gateway strategy with regional transport initiatives to support this. He also advocated for developing an Action Plan for the Trans-Caspian Transport Corridor. Additionally, he believes there is potential to establish Tashkent as a financial center similar to Hong Kong, as the initial conditions meet the necessary criteria.
On energy matters, Mirziyoyev positioned Central Asia as a dependable partner for Europe, highlighting the region’s potential to contribute to energy stability and decarbonization efforts. He cited the ambitious Green Strategic Corridor project and the prospect of a Central Asia-EU Clean Energy Partnership, detailing Uzbekistan’s plans to bolster renewable energy capacity while reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
In addressing urgent security challenges, he acknowledged shared threats such as terrorism and cybercrime, emphasizing the need for continued collaboration with the EU in these vital areas. Mirziyoyev also highlighted Uzbekistan’s pragmatic approach to engaging with Afghanistan, pointing out the progress in stabilizing the region. He advocated for Afghanistan’s integration into global economic processes to promote regional stability.
In the context of climate change, Mirziyoyev emphasized Central Asia’s vulnerability and called for cooperative action with the EU. He proposed a Green Partnership that centers on renewable energy, ecosystem restoration, and water conservation, mentioning initiatives like the Green Belt of Central Asia and plans for establishing a Green University.
In his overall assessment, Mirziyoyev expressed optimistic expectations for the summit, looking forward to signing the Samarkand Declaration, which he believes will solidify the strategic partnership. He emphasized the significance of enhancing political dialogue and creating innovative mechanisms for collaboration. In his closing remarks to European leaders, the President conveyed Central Asia’s enthusiasm for dialogue and increased engagement. He expressed gratitude for the EU’s support and reaffirmed the aspiration to transform Central Asia into a cohesive and dynamic region. Concluding on an optimistic note, Mirziyoyev declared that the summit serves as a gateway to new opportunities for cooperation.
