Kyrgyzstan Environment - The Times Of Central Asia

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Red Book

Kyrgyzstan Begins Updating Red Book as Scientists Survey Rare Species Nationwide

Kyrgyzstan has begun preparing its first comprehensive update of the national Red Book in nearly two decades. On June 3, 2026, the Ministry of Natural Resources, Ecology and Technical Supervision and the National Academy of Sciences signed a cooperation agreement to collect updated data on rare and endangered species of flora and fauna. The project is scheduled to last two years and is estimated to cost about 21 million soms. What Has Been Decided Under the agreement, scientists from the National Academy of Sciences will carry out field and desk-based research across the country to obtain current, reliable information on rare and threatened species. The studies are intended to clarify population sizes, habitat ranges, and extinction risks. At the end of the 24-month project, the scientists will submit a scientific database to the ministry, which will serve as the basis for a new edition of the Red Book. The ministry said updating this information will make it possible to protect vulnerable species more effectively and preserve the country’s biodiversity. A Book Reissued Only Twice in 40 Years A full edition of Kyrgyzstan’s Red Book has been published only twice. The first appeared in 1985, when it was still called the Red Book of the Kirghiz SSR. The second was released in 2006-2007 in two volumes: Animals and Plants and Fungi. Since then, the protected list has been adjusted without a new full edition. In 2019, officials said the list had increased by 22 animal and plant species, but no complete printed edition followed. This is the gap the new revision is intended to close. Since the last edition, both the condition of wildlife populations and monitoring methods have changed. New field data is therefore needed to ensure that the document reflects the current situation. Which Species Are Protected Today The current Red Book of Kyrgyzstan includes 57 bird species, 23 mammal species, two amphibian species, eight reptile species, seven fish species, and 18 arthropod species. In addition to animals, 89 species of higher plants and fungi are protected. These figures will be the starting point for the review. Researchers will need to determine which species are still found in their former habitats, which populations have declined, and which species may need to be added to the list for the first time. Snow Leopard: A National Symbol and a Rare Example of Recovery The best-known inhabitant of Kyrgyzstan’s mountains on the list is the snow leopard. On December 30, 2023, it was officially recognized as a national symbol of the country by presidential decree. The species is listed as vulnerable on the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List and has rare or endangered status in all 12 countries across its range. Kyrgyzstan is also one of the few countries where official figures indicate that the snow leopard population is growing. According to the 2024 count, the country had about 511 individuals, compared with 282 in 2013. Penalties for the illegal capture and export of the animal were also increased...

Air Pollution

EBRD Backs $69 Million District Heating Upgrade in Bishkek to Tackle Air Pollution

The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) has arranged a financing package worth up to $69 million, or €64 million, for two district heating utilities in Kyrgyzstan’s capital, Bishkek. The package will modernize heating infrastructure and reduce winter air pollution in one of the world’s most polluted cities. The package will support Bishkekteploset (BTS) and Bishkekteploenergo (BTE), two municipal heating companies serving a city of more than one million people. Under the agreement, the EBRD will provide sovereign-backed loans totaling up to $29.5 million, including $18.6 million for BTS and $10.9 million for BTE. The financing will be complemented by up to $24.5 million in concessional funds from the Green Climate Fund through its Green Cities Facility, alongside investment grants totaling $11.6 million. The EBRD will also allocate an additional $3.6 million for project implementation support and an equal opportunities action plan. The investment will allow BTS to modernize pumping stations, including through the installation of small-scale solar photovoltaic systems. BTE will introduce large-scale district energy heat pumps, the first such installations in Central Asia. It will also upgrade boiler houses with renewable energy components. Both companies will modernize district heating networks and install supervisory control and data acquisition systems. They will also purchase specialized service vehicles. The projects will reduce reliance on fossil fuels and support cleaner heating solutions. They are also expected to cut greenhouse gas emissions in Bishkek. Bishkek joined the EBRD Green Cities program in 2024 and adopted an environmental action plan that identified modernization of the city’s heating system as one of its most urgent priorities. The Kyrgyz capital currently relies heavily on the coal-fired Bishkek Thermal Power Plant for both electricity and heating. The plant generates about 13% of Kyrgyzstan’s electricity and supplies heat and hot water to nearly two-thirds of the city. As previously reported by The Times of Central Asia, emissions from the aging power plant account for about 15% of Bishkek’s air pollution. Air pollution remains one of Bishkek’s most pressing environmental challenges, particularly during winter, when widespread coal burning for household heating pushes pollution levels sharply higher. The city regularly ranks among the world’s ten most polluted urban centers in IQAir’s global air quality index.

Snow Leopard

Kyrgyzstan to Host Snow Leopard Eco Festival in Chon-Kemin

Kyrgyzstan will host the environmental festival “Snow Leopard EcoFest Chon-Kemin 2026” on July 11 at the hippodrome in the village of Shabdan in the Chon-Kemin Valley, the Ministry of Natural Resources, Ecology, and Technical Supervision announced. The festival, themed “Snow Leopard: Eco-Education as the Foundation for a Sustainable Future in Kyrgyzstan,” aims to raise environmental awareness, promote eco-education and sustainable tourism, and draw public attention to the conservation of the snow leopard, Kyrgyzstan’s national symbol. The event is being organized by the Ilbirs-Green Generation Public Foundation, the Ministry of Natural Resources, Ecology, and Technical Supervision, the Secretariat of the Global Snow Leopard and Ecosystem Protection Program, and local authorities. According to the ministry, the festival will feature a presentation of the winners of the “BARS FASHION 2026 - Best Snow Leopard Costume” student competition. Visitors will also be able to explore themed zones, including eco-product exhibitions, snow leopard-themed art spaces, painting and photography displays, children’s drawing contests, ecology workshops, archery, kurosh wrestling, the “Snow Leopard Jump” competition, stunt performances, and other cultural activities. Organizers say the festival is designed to show that eco-education is not only about learning about nature, but also about building responsibility, environmental awareness, and a willingness to take action. Through educational, cultural, and interactive formats, participants will learn more about snow leopards, mountain ecosystems, and the role individuals can play in protecting nature. Admission will be free for residents and visitors. Snow leopards are considered a key indicator of ecological health across mountainous regions in 12 Asian countries, including Kyrgyzstan. The country has played an active role in international conservation efforts, including spearheading a United Nations General Assembly initiative that established October 23 as the International Day of the Snow Leopard. Kyrgyzstan recognized the snow leopard as a national symbol by presidential decree in December 2023. In October 2025, the Cabinet of Ministers approved rules for using the official logo. The animal has also been selected as the official mascot of the sixth World Nomad Games, which Kyrgyzstan will host from August 31 to September 6, 2026.

Wastewater Treatment

Naryn Begins Wastewater Upgrade with EBRD, Swiss, and EU Support

Construction has begun on a new wastewater treatment plant in Naryn, the administrative center of Kyrgyzstan’s Naryn region, under a project backed by the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Switzerland, and the European Union. The financing package includes a €2 million sovereign loan from the EBRD, a €3.6 million grant from Switzerland, and a €1 million grant from the EU. The funds will be used to build a new wastewater treatment plant, extend the city’s sewerage network, construct two new pumping stations, and purchase operational equipment. According to the EBRD, Naryn, a city of around 42,000 people, currently has wastewater service coverage of only about 22%, with many households still relying on outdoor toilets or septic tanks. Once completed, the project is expected to improve public health, reduce environmental pollution, strengthen resilience to climate change, and lower operating costs. The number of residents benefiting from improved wastewater services is projected to double from around 10,000 to 20,000. Speaking at the launch ceremony on June 17, Deputy Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers and Minister of Water Resources, Agriculture, and Processing Industry Erlist Akunbekov said the project would help improve living standards in the city, protect the Naryn River, and support the region’s sustainable development. “This project will contribute to improving the quality of life for city residents, ensuring the environmental safety of the Naryn River, and promoting the sustainable development of Naryn,” Akunbekov said, according to the Ministry of Water Resources, Agriculture, and Processing Industry. The ministry said similar projects aimed at improving drinking water supply and wastewater treatment are currently under way in 25 cities and 600 villages across Kyrgyzstan. To date, the EBRD has invested more than €196 million in 32 water supply and wastewater treatment projects across 28 municipalities in Kyrgyzstan. That total includes €87 million in loans and €109 million in capital grants, including €33 million from Switzerland’s State Secretariat for Economic Affairs and €46 million from the EU.

Environmental Research

Kyrgyzstan-Germany Project Studies Lake Issyk-Kul Ecosystem

A comprehensive scientific study of Lake Issyk-Kul began on June 11 as part of an international project involving Razzakov Kyrgyz State Technical University (KSTU), the International Medical University, and Germany’s Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries. Lake Issyk-Kul is Kyrgyzstan’s largest lake and its leading tourist destination. It also forms part of a protected ecological area. In recent decades, the lake has faced growing climate-related pressures. According to KSTU, cooperation between the scientific institutions began in 2024 with the establishment of the Issyk-Kul Ecological Laboratory in Cholpon-Ata. The laboratory has since become a platform for joint research into the lake’s ecological condition. In 2025, the partners secured a grant from the German Research Foundation to conduct a comprehensive study of the Issyk-Kul ecosystem. German scientists have arrived in Kyrgyzstan to take part in the research. The project focuses on the hydrophysical, hydrochemical, hydrobiological, and hydro-optical properties of Issyk-Kul’s water using advanced scientific methods and technologies. Researchers are also studying biological processes within the aquatic ecosystem, including DNA and RNA analysis of biomaterials. The research is expected to help assess ongoing ecological processes, identify long-term trends, and establish a scientific basis for measures to preserve the lake’s ecosystem. According to KSTU Professor Salmor Alymkulov, the project is important for expanding international scientific cooperation, training young researchers, and developing recommendations to protect Kyrgyzstan’s natural heritage. Kyrgyzstan views the preservation of Issyk-Kul as part of the global climate and water agenda. In December 2025, the Cabinet of Ministers approved the Concept for the Sustainable Development of the Ecological and Economic System of Lake Issyk-Kul through 2030, along with an accompanying action plan. The initiative is aimed at protecting the lake and its surrounding biosphere from growing environmental and human pressures while supporting the region’s long-term economic resilience. Speaking at the World Governments Summit in Dubai in February 2026, Kyrgyzstan’s then Deputy Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers and Minister of Water Resources, Agriculture, and Processing Industry, Bakyt Torobaev, warned of the growing climate risks facing Issyk-Kul. According to Torobaev, the lake’s water level has fallen by nearly 14 meters since the mid-19th century, while its total volume has decreased by approximately 85 billion cubic meters. The number of rivers flowing into the lake has also declined significantly, largely due to glacier melt and increased agricultural water use. He warned that further declines in Issyk-Kul’s water level could have serious environmental and socioeconomic consequences, including threats to biodiversity, the lake’s tourism potential, and the well-being of local communities.

Irrigation

International Donors Commit $172 Million to Upgrade Kyrgyzstan’s Irrigation System

International financial institutions and development partners have committed $172 million to a major irrigation modernization project in Kyrgyzstan, aimed at improving water security and farm productivity as climate pressures grow. The World Bank approved $95.75 million in financing on June 12 for the Kyrgyz Republic National Irrigation Investment Program, which seeks to improve irrigation services in selected areas across the country. The financing package also includes $50 million from the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, $20 million from the OPEC Fund for International Development, and a $6.25 million grant from the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation. The project is also expected to mobilize an additional $11 million in private capital. “The Kyrgyz Republic has set out a clear vision to modernize irrigation services and make water access more reliable for farmers and rural communities,” said Hugh Riddell, World Bank Group Country Manager for the Kyrgyz Republic. “By bringing together public and private financing, this program helps turn that vision into a long-term investment platform.” Agriculture remains one of Kyrgyzstan’s main economic sectors and a major source of employment, but outdated irrigation systems and high water losses continue to limit productivity. Climate change has added to these pressures, with rising temperatures, more frequent droughts, floods, and sedimentation putting greater strain on water resources. The new investment program aims to address these risks through infrastructure upgrades, institutional reforms, and better irrigation management. Authorities say the project will benefit more than 450,000 people, improve irrigation services across about 82,000 hectares of farmland, and raise water conveyance efficiency from 35% to at least 70%. Improved irrigation services are also expected to support around 85,000 additional jobs across agricultural value chains. The project will modernize irrigation and drainage infrastructure, improve water regulation and storage, and increase dam safety through smart water monitoring systems. It will also improve irrigation service delivery by upgrading operations and maintenance and raising the capacity of national and local institutions. Technical assistance and environmental oversight will support the preparation of future investments. The project will run through 2032 under the Water Resources Service of Kyrgyzstan’s Ministry of Water Resources, Agriculture and Processing Industry. It forms part of a multi-phase government program expected to mobilize $540 million over the next decade. That wider initiative aims to modernize irrigation services on more than 200,000 hectares and benefit nearly one million people. Water-saving technologies remain central to Kyrgyzstan’s irrigation strategy. Earlier this year, the Cabinet of Ministers amended the country’s Medium-Term Electricity Tariff Policy for 2025-2030, freezing electricity tariffs for farmers using drip and sprinkler irrigation systems under state water conservation programs until May 2030. To encourage adoption, the government is also offering concessional loans at a 2% interest rate for farmers investing in water-saving irrigation methods. Although adoption remains relatively limited, it is accelerating. According to the ministry, modern irrigation technologies currently cover around 16,000 hectares, with plans to expand coverage by 30,000-40,000 hectares annually and reach 200,000 hectares under water-saving irrigation by 2030.