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Violence Against Migrants: Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan Appeal to Russia

Regarding the mistreatment of labor migrants who were made to walk like ducks in Yekaterinburg, the ombudsman of Uzbekistan filed an appeal with the ombudsman of Russia. The number of them who were Uzbek citizens was not stated. A case was started “at the level of Russian federal authorities” by Kyrgyzstan’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs. On January 17, workers at a construction site in Yekaterinburg, Russia, were forced to walk like ducks during a raid by representatives of the Federal Security Service, the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Rosguard, and the Prosecutor’s Office. Approximately 150 people’s documents were examined during the raid. Which country or countries they are citizens of is unclear. Ombudsman Feruza Eshmatova of Uzbekistan appealed to Ombudsman Tatyana Moskalkova of Russia about the unfair treatment of labor migrants in Yekaterinburg. The press office of the parliamentarian’s human rights representative released this information on January 22. In the petition, it was asked that the rights of Uzbek nationals employed in Russia be upheld. Online images and videos depict security personnel compelling migrant laborers to hide as they navigate a snow-covered construction site. The number of migrants who were Uzbek citizens was not stated. There were reportedly also citizens from other nations, including Kyrgyzstan. According to the Kyrgyz Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the republic’s general consulate in Yekaterinburg paid a visit to the police, the center for temporary detention of foreign nationals, and construction sites on January 20. “It was discovered that three construction sites in Yekaterinburg had 150 foreigners’ documents examined, among them were 40 Kyrgyz citizens. There are no known instances of Kyrgyzstani citizens breaking the immigration laws, according to the report. According to the information provided by Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Kyrgyzstan, three of the migrants who were forced to walk like ducks were Kyrgyz. According to the message from the neighboring country’s MFA, the Consulate General of Kyrgyzstan is taking action to “organize the verification of the legality of the use of methods that degrade the dignity of citizens engaged in labor by law enforcement officers”. The statement from the Kyrgyz Ministry of Foreign Affairs states, “In light of this, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kyrgyz Republic is initiating a case at the level of the federal authorities of the Russian Federation in order to prevent such actions against citizens working from Kyrgyzstan”.

Central Asia Uzbekistan Uzbekistan Features Business & Economy Kazakhstan Uzbekistan Business & Economy Kazakhstan Business & Economy Features Kazakhstan Featurees

“At a Crossroads” – Atlantic Council Addresses Rare Earth Elements in Central Asia

On January 23rd, the Atlantic Council’s Eurasia Center and the International Tax and Investment Center gathered together the authors of the report, “Leveraging Central Asia’s Rare Earth Elements for Economic Growth.” The report highlights the potential of Central Asia, which has remained underappreciated in terms of its rare earth elements (REE) resources, despite its increasing geopolitical significance. China currently dominates the global mining and refining of REEs, giving it a near-monopoly status. The report argues that this scenario calls for an urgent need to diversify global supply chains and suggests that Western investment could play a pivotal role in exploring and mining Central Asia's REEs, thereby contributing to the diversification of supply chains. Furthermore, such investment could have far-reaching implications for the region itself, bolstering regional integration and sovereignty, spurring economic growth, and enhancing economic freedom throughout Central Asia. Opening the discussion, Ariel Cohen, a Nonresident Senior Fellow at the Eurasia Center of the Atlantic Council, highlighted the critical geopolitical location of Central Asia, stating that REEs “may be the next big thing in Central Asia at the engine of economic growth.” Cohen praised the “visionary multi-vector policy pioneered” in Kazakhstan by President Tokayev, and characterized Kazakhstan’s relationship with Russia as “very fraught,” and defined by “multi-generational trauma. Nuclear energy is zero emission energy,” he said, but for the U.S. to capitalize on opportunities for mining REEs in Kazakhstan, “we need to do more and better.” The President of Second Floor Strategies, a public policy consulting company, Wilder Alejandro Sánchez emphasized that Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan are the most “forward-looking” nations in Central Asia in regard to REEs, whilst mining in Kyrgyzstan remains stuck in a “legal limbo,” and Tajikistan currently lacks the necessary critical infrastructure. Nether the less, he stated, REEs could become a driving factor behind regional “cooperation and integration.” Wesley Hill, an International Program Manager at the Energy, Growth, and Security Program of the International Tax and Investment Center, spoke about the international relations components of REEs. “In the same way we competed and continued to compete for other energy resources, most especially crude oil, we will be competing for REEs,” he stated. “It's happening already, this geopolitical clash [which is] primarily driven by competition between the United States and China. After the publication of this report, Beijing cut off all exports of rare earth element refining technologies to the United States. Central Asia is very much at a crossroads,” he stated. Addressing this geopolitical conflict with China over REEs, Ambassador John Herbst, a Senior Director at the Eurasia Center of the Atlantic Council, stated that Central Asia is a “critical region… rich in rare earth minerals [whilst] China is our principal adversary. They are not a friend of the United States.” Finally, Suriya Evans-Pritchard Jayanti, a Nonresident Senior Fellow at the Eurasia Center of the Atlantic Council, characterized REEs as an “extremely important development opportunity” for Central Asia, particularly given “geostrategic energy realignment after the Russian invasion of Ukraine. I think it's a geostrategic realignment opportunity for...

Central Asia Uzbekistan Turkmenistan Tajikistan Kyrgyzstan Kazakhstan Business & Economy

Excise tax increase provokes a rise in alcohol prices

Alcohol prices in Turkmenistan have changed twice this month: at the beginning of the year they doubled, and by the end of the month they almost returned to the previous level. The order to reduce prices, as reported in the Chronicles of Turkmenistan, came from the Ministry of Trade and Foreign Economic Relations. Thus, Turkmen wines went up in price from $2-2.86 per bottle to $2.86 - $4.29. Cognac went up from $8.59-14.31 to $10-17.17, vodka - from $8.59-10 to $17.17, expensive brands of vodka in liter bottles - from $28.62 to $42.94, beer - from $4.29-5.72 to $8.59-11.45. At the same time, the quality of alcoholic beverages produced in the country leaves much to be desired - consumers note that most of the wines are produced not from grapes, but from Chinese powder. The increase in alcohol prices was due to another increase in excise taxes from January 1, 2024. Excise tax on beer increased from 30% to 34.5%, on wines and spirits, depending on the degree - from 39%, 61% and 77% to 44.85%, 70.15% and 88.55% respectively, the publication notes. New excise tax rates are also introduced in neighboring Uzbekistan. Thus, the excise tax on domestically produced ethyl alcohol will double to $1.21 per liter. At the beginning of 2023, it increased fivefold. Excise on some types of alcoholic beverages will increase by 5% later - from July 1. However, tariffs for imported alcohol are again reduced by about 5%. Now the minimum wholesale and retail prices for alcoholic beverages in Uzbekistan vary within the following limits: wines - $1.17 -1.33 per 1 liter of finished product, cognac, $4.65 - 5.35, vodka and other alcoholic products (except beer) $3.48. For comparison, in Kazakhstan from October 1, 2023, the minimum retail price of vodka, strong liquor and vodka products was $4.69 per liter, cognac and brandy $6.95 per liter. This Central Asian country, according to WHO, has the highest alcohol consumption compared to its neighbors. Kyrgyzstan ranks second, Turkmenistan third, followed by Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. Nevertheless, all countries in the region, except Tajikistan, have seen a decline in per capita alcohol consumption. For example, in Kazakhstan in 2010 it was 9.3 liters, and in 2016 this figure decreased to 7.7 liters. In Kyrgyzstan, during this time, total alcohol consumption decreased from 10.2 liters to 6.2 liters per capita. Similarly, in Uzbekistan, alcohol consumption fell from 3.2 liters to 2.7 liters. The same situation in Turkmenistan - alcohol consumption fell from 6 liters to 5.4 liters per capita. Only in Tajikistan is the opposite situation observed. People there began to consume more alcohol - 3.3 liters against 2.4 liters. Recall that all Central Asian countries have a ban on advertising of alcoholic beverages, and a number of measures are taken to reduce the consumption of alcohol by the population. For example, in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan the minimum legal age to buy alcohol is 21; only in Kyrgyzstan can it be bought from the age of 18.

Central Asia Uzbekistan Uzbekistan Business & Economy

Uzbekistan’s energy production figures have fallen

According to the Agency of Industrial Production Statistics, Uzbekistan's gas production fell by 9.6% (4.97 billion cubic meters) last year compared to 2022, amounting to 46.7 billion cubic meters. Thus, the average monthly gas production is 3.89 billion cubic meters, while in 2022, 4.3 billion cubic meters of gas was produced per month. In December, however, production has already increased to 3.95 billion cubic meters. This was the highest since April. However, it could not even come close to the figure for December 2022 - 4.35 billion cubic meters, which is up by 9% (395.1 million cubic meters). However, thanks to gas supplies from Russia and Turkmenistan, the shortfall was bridged. In 2023, however, electricity production increased significantly - from 73.7 billion to 76.9 billion kWh, i.e. by 3.19 billion kWh (4.3%). In December alone, 7.27 billion kWh were generated. If we start counting from May, this is the limit. And this is despite the above-mentioned troubles with gas production, because about 80-85% of electricity in Uzbekistan is produced by thermal power plants, and they in turn operate on gas. However, their share in the country is decreasing due to the introduction of new capacities of photovoltaic power plants. Also, coal production exceeded its previous figures - up to 6.19 million tons (15.5%). In December, for example, 456.7 thousand tons of coal were produced, and from July to November the figure did not fall below 600 tons. And again to the bad: from 787.8 thousand to 770.1 thousand tons (-2.3%, or by 17.7 thousand tons) the oil production index decreased. And this decline was observed for the fifth month in a row - from 64.7 thousand tons in July to 60.8 thousand in December. This is the lowest figure for the last couple of years! Nevertheless, Uzbekistan produced 75.4 thousand tons (6%) more motor gasoline in 2023 than in 2022. Diesel fuel output also increased by 212.4 thousand tons (26.6%) to 1.01 million tons. At the same time, the indicator of heat energy production decreased from 26.5 to 24.4 million Gcal (by 8.1%), and gas condensate production decreased from 1.29 to 1.2 million tons (by 6.9%). Nevertheless, no matter what problems in the energy sector put sticks in the wheels, according to the Agency of Statistics Uzbekistan managed to achieve a 6% growth in industrial production

Environment Uzbekistan Environment Central Asia Uzbekistan Local Politics

Uzbekistan Bans Mining Non-Metallic Materials In Rivers

From May 1st Uzbekistan will introduce a permanent ban on the mining of non-metallic materials in the riverbeds of the Chirchik, Sangzor, Zarafshan, Naryn, Kashkadarya and Surkhandarya rivers. Permits to extract sand and gravel materials from river beds and other water areas will only be granted through the electronic trading platform E-Auksion. This proposal was made jointly by the Ministry of Ecology, Environmental Protection and Climate Change and the Ministry of Mines and Geology, and was approved by president Shavkat Mirziyoyev on January 17th. The boundaries of the areas covered by the ban will be determined by the Cabinet of Ministers. During the moratorium period there will be a tenfold increase in the fines imposed for environmental damage caused to these areas as a result of illegal extraction. These fines will be directed to the country's ecological fund. The ban prohibits the extraction of sand and gravel materials in river beds and other water areas, as well as other extraction works on other deposits located in mountainous or foothill (land) areas.

Central Asia Life & Culture Kazakhstan Life & Culture Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan’s Top Five Tourist Sites Revealed

According to Kazakhstan’s National Bureau of Statistics, from January to September 2023 more than three million people visited domestic tourist sites, an increase of 344,000 people compared to the same period in 2022. The Ministry of Tourism and Sports has named the top five tourist sites in Kazakhstan by visitor numbers. The Almaty mountain cluster was the most popular destination — over 1.7 million people visited this area from January to September last year. The western Mangystau region was in second place, with just under 300,000 people visiting this part of the country. In third place was the Shchuchinsk-Borovoye area (Burabay National Park) in the north of the country, with 243,000 visitors. The list also included two popular summer holiday destinations: the Alakol area (Abay region, in the south) with 204,000 visitors, and Lake Balkhash with 94,000 visitors. Deputy minister for tourism and sports Erzhan Erkinbayev commented: “Domestic resorts are increasingly popular not only among Kazakhstanis, but also among foreign guests. Unfortunately, the potential of some sites has not yet been fully realized. For example, in the Katon-Karagai national park [the largest national park in Kazakhstan, located in the East Kazakhstan region], the beauty of its nature is not inferior to any of the most popular tourist destinations in the country. However, only 7,800 people visited this place over the first nine months of last year,”