Justice - The Times Of Central Asia

Viewing results 1 - 6 of 332

Swiss Bank Investigated Over Ties to Central Asian Elites

Swiss bank Reyl, part of Intesa Sanpaolo Group, is under investigation by Switzerland’s financial regulator FINMA for allegedly failing to prevent money laundering and mishandling accounts belonging to high-risk clients, including relatives of prominent former Central Asian leaders. The investigation stems from confidential correspondence reviewed by the Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project (OCCRP) and Le Monde. High-Risk Clients from Central Asia Among the individuals named are the daughters of the former presidents of Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan. OCCRP also identified the bank’s connections with the son-in-law of a powerful Central Asian leader. One such client is Lola Karimova, daughter of the late Uzbek president Islam Karimov, and her husband, Timur Tillyaev. The couple, known for their lavish lifestyle, relocated to Geneva by 2013. In 2012, Swiss regulators warned another financial institution, Fidurhône, that the couple posed a high compliance risk. By 2014, Fidurhône was instructed to sever ties with them after account balances surged to 190 million Swiss francs. The bank faced the threat of losing its license for non-compliance, and one partner was fined for failing to report suspicious transactions. In 2020, Tillyaev’s company became a client of Reyl, which was followed by the opening of his personal account. By late 2023, one of these accounts held 83 million francs (approximately $97 million). In January 2024, FINMA requested full disclosure of all Reyl accounts linked to Uzbekistan, including Tillyaev’s. The bank stated it was re-evaluating its relationship with him due to reputational concerns amid renewed media focus on his sister-in-law, Gulnara Karimova. The eldest daughter of Islam Karimov, Gulnara Karimova was once a prominent public figure in Uzbekistan, known for her ventures in business, fashion, and music under the name Googoosha. She also served in diplomatic roles. Her fall from grace began in 2014 with her house arrest, followed by a series of legal proceedings after her father’s death in 2016. In 2017, she was sentenced to nine years for corruption, which was later increased to over 13 years. Kazakhstan Connection Kazakhstan’s former president Nursultan Nazarbayev, who ruled for nearly three decades, oversaw the emergence of a wealthy inner circle. OCCRP has previously reported that he established private foundations controlling assets worth approximately $8 billion. His daughter, Dinara Kulibayeva, moved to Switzerland in 2007 and entrusted Reyl with managing part of her wealth. For years, bank CEO François Reyl personally oversaw her accounts. However, in 2023, FINMA launched an inquiry into the origin of the large deposits in her accounts. In May 2024, the bank was ordered to provide comprehensive documentation on her financial holdings and those of her Luxembourg-based company, which had secured a €25 million loan from Reyl to purchase real estate in France. The investigation was prompted by a suspicious activity report filed by Reyl and the opening of a criminal case in Switzerland. A lawyer representing Kulibayeva stated she had fully cooperated with authorities and that her wealth derives from shares in Halyk Bank, one of Kazakhstan’s largest financial institutions. The bank confirmed that her...

Justice Kazakhstan Justice Kazakhstan Kazakhstan Business & Economy

Kazakhstan Proposes Mandatory Home Insurance Against Natural Disasters

Kazakhstan’s Agency for Regulation and Development of the Financial Market (ARDF) has introduced a draft law that would mandate insurance for residential properties against natural disasters. The proposed legislation, now available for public review on the "Open NPAs" portal, aims to establish a nationwide system of financial protection in the event of earthquakes, floods, and wildfires. A Response to Widespread Risk According to UNICEF, roughly 75% of Kazakhstan’s territory is vulnerable to natural hazards, yet only 3.2% of the country’s housing stock is currently insured. In Almaty, Kazakhstan’s largest city and a high-risk seismic zone, coverage reaches just 7.7%. The ARDF argues that compulsory insurance would help reduce fiscal pressure on the state by ensuring that regions most exposed to natural disasters have a legal safety net. The proposed policy would be regionally tiered based on risk level and priced between 1,000 and 20,000 KZT ($2 to $40) annually, roughly equivalent to the current property tax. Initially, payouts would cover urgent needs, up to 10 million KZT ($20,000), with future provisions extending to repair costs or the purchase of new housing. Subsidies are planned for socially vulnerable populations. The draft also envisions the creation of a dedicated state insurance organization to collect premiums and disburse compensation. The agency believes this model will accelerate post-disaster housing reconstruction and reduce budgetary strain. The proposal is open for public discussion until May 12. If adopted, the law is expected to come into effect in 2026. Drawing Lessons from Turkey The initiative draws heavily on Turkey’s experience, where a similar system has been in place since 2000. As National Bank analyst Janibek Asylbekov explained, both countries face comparable natural and geographic risks. In Turkey, compulsory insurance covers private homes and apartment buildings, with the state playing a central role through an insurance fund that partners with private firms. Asylbekov stressed the importance of leveraging digital technologies to streamline registration and payment processes, suggesting integration with routine systems such as utility billing. He also highlighted the need for public outreach, citing Turkey’s collaboration with its Ministry of Education to promote awareness among schoolchildren. To ensure accessibility, he recommends setting modest initial premiums that vary by region, taking into account local income levels and risk exposure. In Turkey, insurance rates differ based on factors such as property type, age, size, and the number of floors. Discounts are available for policy renewals and for older housing stock.

Home Justice Uzbekistan Uzbekistan Justice

In Türkiye, Uzbek Man Faces Deportation After Photographing Woman Without Consent

An Uzbek man who photographed a Turkish woman in the Istanbul metro without her permission is in the process of being deported. Uzbekistan’s consulate in Istanbul said on Thursday that the man was arrested on April 13 after taking “unauthorized” photos of the woman, who then reported the alleged violation of her privacy to law enforcement authorities. The man’s work permit was revoked and he is being subjected to “forced deportation measures,” said the consulate, which intervened in order to prevent a criminal investigation. “According to Turkish law, photographing or videotaping another person, especially women, without their consent is strictly prohibited and may result in criminal prosecution,” the consulate said. It urged Uzbek citizens to follow local laws and said photographing or recording video of “strangers without their permission or causing them discomfort may result in serious action being taken against you.” Article 134 of Türkiye´s penal code provides for a punishment of up to several years in prison for violating the privacy of another person, including by disseminating images and sounds related to the personal life of the affected individual. ER&GUN&ER, an Istanbul-based law firm, says the country has “robust” laws to address privacy violations in the digital environment. It refers to a 2011 sex tape case and a 2016 political party data breach as high-profile cases involving such violations. “Taking pictures itself is not illegal in Turkey, but there are specific regulations that must be observed,” says Manolya Travel Agency, which is based in Istanbul. “While taking pictures, it is crucial to respect the privacy of individuals and refrain from capturing images of people without their explicit permission. This rule applies regardless of whether the person in the camera frame is a Turkish citizen or a foreign tourist.”

Home Central Asia Justice Uzbekistan Uzbekistan Home Uzbekistan Justice

Uzbekistan Moves to Regulate AI and Protect Personal Data

Uzbekistan's Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis (Parliament) has approved a new bill in its first reading that seeks to regulate the use of artificial intelligence, and introduce legal accountability for the misuse of personal data involving AI technologies. The bill was reviewed during a parliamentary session on April 15 and is designed to safeguard personal privacy in the face of rapidly advancing AI capabilities. It proposes penalties for the unauthorized processing and dissemination of personal data, particularly through online platforms and the media, when artificial intelligence is involved. Balancing Innovation and Risk Lawmakers noted that global investment in AI reached $154 billion in 2023 and was expected to double in 2024, with projections of a tenfold increase by 2030. Uzbekistan is actively working to integrate AI across various sectors, including industry, public administration, crime prevention, and environmental management. However, the government has also raised alarms about the risks posed by unregulated AI use. In particular, concerns have grown over privacy violations stemming from deepfake content and manipulated media. In 2024 alone, incidents involving fake AI-generated images and videos of public figures increased fiftyfold. The number of reported cases involving illegal use of AI-generated content rose from 1,129 in 2023 to 3,553 in 2024. Key Provisions of the Bill The proposed legislation formally defines “artificial intelligence” and sets out the government’s policy approach toward its development and application. It includes requirements for labeling AI-generated content and bans uses of AI that could undermine human dignity, personal freedoms, health, or individual rights. If adopted into law, the bill would mark a significant step toward establishing ethical and legal norms for AI deployment in Uzbekistan, amid growing global concern over the unchecked use of emerging technologies.

Home Turkmenistan Justice Justice Turkmenistan Features Features

U.S. Commission Again Cites Turkmenistan for Religious Freedom Violations

The U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) has once again designated Turkmenistan as a “Country of Particular Concern” (CPC), citing ongoing and systematic violations of religious freedom in its 2024 annual report. Persistent State Control and Persecution The USCIRF report emphasizes that religious freedoms in Turkmenistan remain severely restricted, with the state maintaining tight control over religious life and prosecuting individuals whose beliefs deviate from officially sanctioned interpretations. Notably, the commission highlighted the imprisonment of ten Muslims for participating in peaceful religious activities, a case that underscores the regime's repressive stance toward nonconforming Islamic practices. Turkmenistan’s legal framework continues to draw criticism. The 2016 Religion Law prohibits unregistered religious groups and heavily restricts the distribution of religious literature, instruction, and rituals. The 2015 Law on Combating Extremism also remains a concern, as its vague provisions allow for the prosecution of peaceful religious activity. Harassment of Religious Minorities The report also documents the continued harassment of Protestant Christians and Jehovah’s Witnesses. In one case, a mosque official in Lebap province reportedly threatened to "shut down" a pastor of an unregistered Protestant church, prompting a visit from the Ministry of National Security. The pastor’s relatives later received anonymous threats. In January, law enforcement officers raided a Jehovah’s Witnesses' home in the village of Sakara, detaining five individuals who were subjected to eight hours of interrogation. Restrictions on Religious Travel The Turkmen authorities also restrict international travel on religious grounds. In January 2024, Pygamberdy Allaberdyev, a lawyer and activist from Balkanabat, was barred from traveling to Iran to attend a relative’s funeral. According to USCIRF, he was informed by Department of Homeland Security officials that he was under surveillance and would be prohibited from leaving the country for five years. Religion and the Cult of Personality The commission's report also criticizes the use of religion to reinforce the cult of personality surrounding former president Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov. Although he currently serves as chairman of the Khalk Maslahaty, his influence remains widespread. Officials in Balkanabat and Turkmenbashi reportedly interfered with wedding ceremonies, mandating the exclusive use of Turkmen music, including songs from the former president’s personal repertoire. Authorities have also targeted religious expression among civil servants. Men have been forced to shave their beards, and women have been ordered to remove their hijabs. Ahead of the Berdimuhamedov family’s vacation in Avaza, police carried out raids targeting religious symbols. In October, women in Ashgabat wearing hijabs were reportedly detained, had their belongings confiscated, and were banned from traveling abroad. They were also lectured about the secular nature of the state. Policy Recommendations In its conclusions, USCIRF recommends targeted sanctions against officials and agencies responsible for egregious violations of religious freedom, including asset freezes and visa bans. The commission also urged the U.S. Congress to take a more active role in addressing these issues through hearings and delegations to the region. Turkmenistan has consistently appeared on USCIRF’s CPC list since 2000, reflecting its entrenched policies of religious control, suppression of non-state-approved faiths, and ongoing violations against...

Home Turkmenistan Justice Justice

Turkmen Nationals in Belarus Investigated Over Alleged Migration Scheme

Belarusian authorities have launched a criminal investigation into an alleged illegal migration network that reportedly involved hundreds of Turkmen citizens residing in the country, according to a report by state news agency BELTA. The investigation centers on a scheme allegedly orchestrated by three taxi company owners in Minsk. Since 2022, four companies officially registered as taxi service providers were involved in operations that enabled foreign nationals, primarily from Turkmenistan, to obtain temporary residence permits using falsified documents. The business owners, aged between 30 and 38, are accused of hiring foreign nationals on paper to facilitate their acquisition of legal status. Investigators say the suspects collaborated with three intermediaries, themselves undocumented migrants, who advertised the scheme in online chat groups. These groups promised an easy path to legal residency, bypassing official procedures and bureaucracy. According to law enforcement, the operation offered two main methods for obtaining documents. The first involved issuing fake job invitations that prospective migrants could use at Belarusian embassies in Turkmenistan when applying for a visa. The second relied on falsified employment contracts, which migrants then submitted to local migration offices to obtain legal residence. The scheme came to light following coordinated searches at the suspects’ homes and company offices. Authorities seized computers, documents, and other evidence now under review. The suspects, who have been taken into custody, are cooperating with investigators and have reportedly admitted to charging $150 per visa, along with monthly payments from clients seeking to remain in Belarus. The investigation remains ongoing. Belarusian authorities are currently verifying the legal status of all foreign nationals who utilized the services of the implicated companies.