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Religious Freedom

Uzbekistan National Deported From Russia Over Public Prayer

A court in St. Petersburg has fined a citizen of Uzbekistan and ordered his deportation from Russia after finding him guilty of illegal missionary activity for leading prayers in a public place, according to Russian judicial authorities. The case was announced by Darya Lebedeva, head of the joint press service of the courts of St. Petersburg, who said the Primorsky District Court found the man guilty of violating Russian legislation governing freedom of conscience, religion, and religious associations. According to the court statement, the incident took place on May 12 at approximately 7:45 p.m. near Savushkina Street in St. Petersburg. Police officers reportedly discovered the Uzbek citizen, identified by Russian authorities as Dadaboev, conducting a Muslim prayer ritual in a public area. Authorities alleged that he acted “as an imam” without official authorization to conduct religious ceremonies and had not coordinated the event with local executive or municipal authorities, as required under Russian law. Because he is a foreign citizen, the court classified the case under Part 5 of Article 5.26 of Russia’s administrative code, which concerns missionary activity carried out in violation of legal requirements. In court, the defendant reportedly acknowledged the facts outlined in the police protocol and admitted he had not known his actions could violate Russian law. “The objective side of the offense consists of publicly disseminating information about one’s religious beliefs among persons who are not participants in the given religious association, with the purpose of involving them in the religious association, carried out on the territory of the Russian Federation in violation of the requirements established by law,” the court said in its statement. The court imposed a fine of 30,000 rubles (approximately $400) and ordered his deportation from Russia. The incident comes amid increasing pressure on migrant communities in Russia following the country’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine. Migrants from Central Asia have reported more frequent police raids, document inspections, detentions, and deportation threats in recent years, while Russian authorities have tightened migration and residency regulations. The Times of Central Asia previously reported on several incidents involving Central Asian migrants in Russia, including footage that appeared to show a Tajik schoolgirl being beaten by Russian classmates while a teacher looked on, as well as an attack on a Kyrgyz woman in Moscow by a man shouting anti-migrant insults and calling migrants “terrorists.”

Anti-Corruption

Uzbekistan Introduces Anti-Corruption Reviews for $50 Million Investment Projects

Uzbekistan has introduced mandatory anti-corruption reviews for major investment projects worth at least $50 million, as the government intensifies efforts to strengthen oversight of public spending and large-scale development initiatives. The new procedure was approved through an official instruction registered by the Ministry of Justice on May 8, according to the ministry’s Legal Information channel. Under the new rules, large investment projects involving at least $50 million in financing will be subject to anti-corruption examinations and assessments of their impact on market competition before they can move forward. The regulation applies to projects aimed at creating, expanding, or modernizing socially and economically significant infrastructure, services, and facilities. The reviews will be conducted by internal anti-corruption control units within state bodies and organizations. Officials said projects identified as carrying a high risk of corruption could receive a negative assessment regarding their feasibility and implementation. Authorities also stressed that projects will not be approved until all shortcomings identified during the examination process are fully addressed. The Times of Central Asia previously reported that Uzbekistan had opened criminal proceedings against senior officials in the Ministry of Internal Affairs following investigations into large-scale financial violations. At a government meeting on January 27, President Shavkat Mirziyoyev said investigators had uncovered 53 trillion Uzbekistani som (UZS), approximately $4.38 billion, in financial irregularities and misused funds nationwide. According to the president’s press secretary, 4.2 trillion som ($347.3 million) of the total was directly linked to corruption schemes. Authorities reported that 1.3 trillion som ($107.5 million) had already been recovered, while 55 individuals were arrested across the country in connection with corruption-related cases.

Visa Corruption

Former Italian Ambassador to Uzbekistan Arrested in Rome Over Visa Scheme Allegations

Former Italian ambassador to Uzbekistan Piergabriele Papadia de Bottini di Sant’Agnese has been arrested in Rome on accusations of corruption and facilitating illegal migration, according to the Italian newspaper la Repubblica. Italian prosecutors allege that the former diplomat and his associate, Tatiana Tarakanova, operated a scheme involving the issuance of Schengen visas from the Italian embassy in Tashkent. Tarakanova, a 53-year-old Russian-born Italian citizen living in Bulgaria, had reportedly worked with Papadia during his earlier diplomatic service at the Italian consulate in Moscow. According to the report, Papadia assumed control of the embassy’s visa office shortly after taking charge of the Italian embassy in Uzbekistan’s capital on December 2, 2024. Investigators from Rome’s financial police unit cited testimony from a former visa office manager, identified only as Michel, who said the ambassador personally intervened in visa operations and later arranged for Tarakanova to work inside the office. Italian authorities accuse the pair of aiding illegal immigration and committing corruption linked to official duties. Rome prosecutors opened an investigation after financial police examined activities connected to visa processing at the embassy. The arrests were carried out under precautionary measures issued by Annalisa Marzano, a judge for preliminary investigations in Rome. Papadia was detained in Rome and taken to prison while the investigation continues. According to la Repubblica, he had already been removed from his diplomatic post in December 2025. The case has drawn attention because it involves alleged misconduct linked to Schengen visa procedures in Central Asia, where demand for European visas has risen steadily in recent years. Italy has expanded diplomatic and economic ties with Uzbekistan in recent years, including cooperation in trade, migration, and education. Several European countries have also increased visa and labor mobility programs for Uzbek citizens as relations with Central Asia deepen.

Student Driving Ban

Dushanbe Students Face Expulsion for Driving Private Vehicles to University

Seven students in Dushanbe face possible expulsion for up to three years after police conducted raids targeting university students who arrived for classes in private vehicles. The inspections were announced by the city’s Interior Ministry department, which said officers from the department for the prevention of youth-related offenses conducted raids near universities in the capital and recorded seven cases of students arriving on campus in their own cars. “Under current legal regulations and an order issued by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Tajikistan, students are strictly prohibited from arriving at classes in private vehicles,” the statement said. “However, some students deliberately ignore this requirement in an attempt at self-display.” Police said the students attend institutions including Tajik National University, Russian-Tajik Slavonic University, the Academy of Public Administration under the President of Tajikistan, and the Tajik State University of Commerce. Authorities stated that case materials have already been forwarded to the Education Ministry and university administrations for further action. Under existing regulations, students who arrive at classes in private vehicles can be expelled for up to three years without the right to reinstatement. Similar incidents have occurred previously in Dushanbe. Earlier, Tajik National University student Fazliddin Bakhriev faced possible expulsion after arriving at the university in a Range Rover. No final decision in that case was publicly announced. The ban on students and schoolchildren using private cars has been in force in Tajikistan since 2017, and police regularly conduct raids near educational institutions to identify violations. Authorities justify the restrictions partly on safety grounds, arguing that young drivers are disproportionately involved in traffic accidents. Officials have also framed the issue as a social concern, saying that luxury vehicles parked outside schools and universities are viewed as displays of wealth and status that contradict principles of equality among students.

Syria

Syrian Security Forces Detain Uzbek Fighters During Operation in Idlib

Syrian security forces have detained a group of Uzbek fighters during a security operation in the country’s northwest, according to two Syrian security officials cited by Reuters. The arrests followed unrest in Idlib province after the authorities attempted to detain an Uzbek militant accused of opening fire in Idlib city. According to Reuters, the incident escalated when armed Uzbek fighters gathered outside a government security facility demanding the release of the suspect. The protests later triggered a broader security sweep in several parts of the countryside, including the towns of Kafriya and al-Foua. Locals and Syrian officials said security forces deployed military convoys and reinforcements to the area, where sporadic gunfire was heard during the operation. It remains unclear how many Uzbek fighters were detained. The Syrian Interior Ministry did not immediately comment on the reports. The latest incident highlights ongoing tensions between Syria’s Islamist-led authorities and foreign militants who traveled to the country during the civil war that began in 2011. Many foreign fighters, including Uzbeks, fought alongside factions linked to current Syrian President Ahmed al-Sharaa before he formally severed ties with al-Qaeda in 2016. Reuters previously reported, citing a Syrian security source, that around 1,500 Uzbek fighters were believed to be living in Syria, some accompanied by their families. The Syrian government has attempted to integrate thousands of foreign fighters into the country’s newly reorganized military structures following the December 2024 ouster of former President Bashar al-Assad. Some foreign militants have assumed senior state roles, including a Jordanian commander of the Republican Guard and an Australian head of a newly established sovereign fund. Others, however, have resisted joining state institutions, creating continuing security concerns for Damascus. The recent operation marks the second major confrontation in Idlib involving foreign militants in recent months. Last year, Syrian government raids targeting foreign fighters near the Turkish border drew in Uzbek militants after clashes erupted around a compound linked to French jihadist Omar Diaby, also known as Omar Omsen. At the time, the U.S.-based Institute for the Study of War said Syrian transitional authorities were conducting “a low-level effort to target foreign fighters in Syria who have not integrated into the Ministry of Defense.” The institute reported that Uzbek militants had deployed to reinforce foreign fighters during clashes in Harem, a city near the Turkish border. The same report stated that Syrian authorities had arrested two prominent Uzbek foreign fighters in August 2025, contributing to growing dissatisfaction among Central Asian militant groups operating in Syria.

Pharmaceutical Business

Uzbek Agency Finds Systemic Failures in Dok-1 Max Case

Uzbekistan’s Anti-Corruption Agency has identified serious systemic shortcomings in the pharmaceutical sector following an analysis of court materials related to the Dok-1 Max case, according to a report reviewed by Gazeta.uz. The agency’s findings point to weaknesses in the processes for registering, certifying, and licensing medicines, where insufficient transparency and limited digitalization allowed a high degree of human discretion. This, in turn, created conditions for corruption risks to emerge. The case has already led to criminal convictions. On February 26, 2024, a Tashkent court sentenced several individuals to prison terms ranging from three to 20 years. Court documents indicate that during the registration of Dok-1 Max, a number of procedural violations occurred, including decisions that failed to meet established requirements. According to the agency, one of the key institutional problems lies in the structure and operation of the expert council under the Center for the Safety of Pharmaceutical Products, which operates within the Ministry of Health. The procedure for selecting council members and forming its composition was not defined in any legal document. Although the council consists of 17 members with independent voting rights, some simultaneously held senior positions within the same institution, creating a conflict of interest. The report cites the example of a department head who participated in the registration process for Dok-1 Max while also voting as a council member. Such overlap, the agency noted, undermined the independence of decision-making. Transparency issues were also highlighted. The council did not publish quarterly or annual reports, lists of members, or the outcomes of drug registration decisions on its official website. In addition, procedures for conducting inspections of pharmaceutical enterprises and disclosing their results were not clearly regulated, further contributing to corruption risks. The agency also found that inspection mechanisms were not aligned with international standards. A 2021 government resolution designated a single state enterprise as the sole body responsible for inspections, a structure the agency said contradicts recommendations by the World Health Organization and European regulatory bodies. Under international practice, such oversight is generally carried out directly by the Ministry of Health. In response to these findings, authorities have taken steps to reform the system. All processes related to the registration, certification, and licensing of pharmaceutical products have now been fully digitalized. In addition, registration certificates for at least 92 types of medicines have been revoked, and their production, import, and sale have been banned following re-evaluation. The agency recommended further measures, including transitioning all drug registration procedures to a fully online system, ensuring open access to information, increasing transparency in the expert council’s activities, and aligning inspection practices with international standards. The Dok-1 Max case has drawn international attention since late 2022, when reports emerged that children in Uzbekistan had died after consuming the cough syrup produced by India-based Marion Biotech. Initial reports cited 18 deaths in December 2022, followed by dozens more cases revealed in 2023. During the trial, prosecutors alleged that officials had accepted a $33,000 bribe to bypass proper testing procedures. The fallout has extended...