Page 652 – The Times Of Central Asia

04 Jul 2024

Central Asia, Uzbekistan, International Affairs, Business & Economy, Uzbekistan Business & Economy, Uzbekistan International Affairs

Uzbekistan’s Foreign Trade Turnover Reaches $62 Billion

July 4, 2024
By Times of Central Asia

EUROUZ member EastCham has published the “Market Outlook Uzbekistan 2024” reference guide. According to the report, Uzbekistan’s GDP per capita is lower than that of neighboring Kazakhstan, but higher than Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. Real GDP per capita may be higher than the official data suggests, however, as the volume of the national shadow economy is estimated at between 25 and 45% of Uzbekistan’s GDP. Per capita GDP is $2,510.1 (World Bank 2023), whilst the IMF forecasts $2,670 in 2024. GDP growth was 5.6% in 2023 (World Bank) and is expected to be 5.5% in 2024, and 5.6% in 2025.

“In 2022, Uzbekistan ranked 70th globally in gross GDP, 86th in total exports, and 75th in total imports, while placing 155th in GDP per capita,” the report states.

According to the report, Uzbekistan’s mining industry is one of the country’s most essential and internationally competitive industries, contributing up to around 30% of the country’s GDP. Uzbekistan is ranked 12th in the world in terms of mining. It is the world’s 5th-largest uranium, 8th-largest gold, and 11th-largest natural gas producer. Uzbekistan has the world’s 4th-largest gold, 7th-largest uranium, and 9th-largest copper reserves. In addition, metallurgy, the study of the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, is also one of the largest industries in Uzbekistan.

Natural gas dominates Uzbekistan’s energy complex. More than 85% of the country’s electricity is generated from natural gas, whilst coal generation is expected to increase from 3% to 10% in the coming years. Uzbekistan is one of the leading countries in the Eurasian region in terms of natural gas – it has large gas reserves and several small oil and coal resources.

“The Uzbek authorities established the green economy and renewable energy sources (solar, wind, hydropower) as the basis of sustainable economic development and plan to increase the share of renewable energy generation to 30% by 2030. One of the concrete steps towards this goal is to build 28 solar and wind power plants with a total capacity of 8000 GW and hydropower plants with a total capacity of 868 MW by 2027. The government also plans to build a large nuclear power plant by 2028,” the report states.

Last month, The Times of Central Asia published an interview with Neil McKain, the IFC regional manager for Uzbekistan, about the country’s potential to become a regional leader in renewable energy sources.

The report also emphasizes problems in the country’s electricity network, including Tashkent’s difficulties with heat and power supply systems in the last two years. Low temperatures have caused a decline in gas pipeline pressure (90% of power in Uzbekistan is produced by gas power plants). As a result, electrical heaters have gained popularity among residents of Tashkent, overwhelming the local power grid and leading to electricity shortages. President Mirziyoyev has acknowledged this problem, and Uzbekistan – Tashkent in particular – needs dramatic power and heat supply improvements.

Foreign trade turnover in Uzbekistan has surged in recent years. In 2022, it reached $50 billion (an 18.6% increase from 2021), while in 2023, it reached $62 billion, a 23.8% increase from 2022. Tashkent, the capital city, is responsible for 38% of all Uzbek foreign trade.
The share of CIS countries in foreign trade has begun gradually decreasing in the past few years: CIS member states accounted for 37.0% of Uzbekistan’s foreign trade in 2021, 35.7% in 2022, and 33.0% in 2023.

Imports into Uzbekistan reached $35.62 billion in 2022, while the period from January-June 2023 saw imports surge by 17% year-on-year. Exports from Uzbekistan reached $19.3 billion in 2022 (up 15.9% compared to 2021), and in the first half of 2023 (Jan-Jun), Uzbek exports saw a year-on-year increase of 1.1%. Furthermore, 80% of Uzbekistan’s foreign trade passes through Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and/or Russia, countries which combined represent 50% of total foreign trade in Uzbekistan. Other foreign trade, meanwhile, passes through Afghanistan and Iran, areas with high geopolitical risks.

04 Jul 2024

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SCO Round-Up

July 8, 2024
By Times of Central Asia

The Times of Central Asia is reporting live from the SCO Summit in Astana.

Kazakhstan’s Red Carpet

Astana put on a fireworks show on Wednesday night as dignitaries gathered in the Kazakh capital for the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, a regional forum for talks on security, economic and other issues.

The event is a chance for landlocked, resource-rich Kazakhstan to showcase its culture, hospitality and rising diplomatic profile at a time when wars in Ukraine and Gaza, along with big power tension and the threat of climate change, tend to dominate headlines.

High-stepping honor guards, motorcycle escorts, military marching bands and greeters in glittering traditional costumes welcomed the leaders arriving in Astana, which boasts a collection of shiny, futuristic-looking buildings that were constructed with the help of Kazakhstan’s oil wealth after independence from Soviet rule in 1991.

The nine full members of the SCO are India, Iran, Kazakhstan, China, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Pakistan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. Belarus is expected to become a new member at this week’s summit.

Putin to Tokayev: I’ll Be Back

Russian President Vladimir Putin, responding to an invitation to visit Kazakhstan again, has suggested that he will return on a state trip in November.

Putin spoke about another visit in a conversation on Wednesday with Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev on the sidelines of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization meeting in Astana, Russia’s official news agency, TASS has reported.

“I believe this is simply necessary to maintain the pace of cooperation between our countries,” Tokayev said. “I hope to see you again, this time on a state visit to our country.”

According to Tass, Putin thanked Tokayev and said: “Of course, it is most rational to do it in connection with the summit of the Collective Security Treaty Organization. Thank you for the invitation; I certainly accept it.”

Kazakhstan has the rotating chairmanship of the Collective Security Treaty Organization, or CSTO. The security alliance includes Russia and the former Soviet republics of Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Belarus and Armenia. However, Armenia appears close to pulling out of the alliance because it feels betrayed by Russia its’ inaction when rival Azerbaijan made military gains over Armenia.

Erdogan to Putin: Let’s Trade

Türkiye, which holds the status of “dialogue partner” in the SCO and treads a delicate line in the war between Russia and Western-backed Ukraine, wants to boost trade with Moscow.

Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and Russian leader Vladimir Putin met in Astana on Wednesday.

“The Turkish president expressed confidence in reaching the ambitious trade volume goal of $100 billion, citing strong potential for growth in bilateral relations,” Türkiye’s official Anadolu news agency stated. Reports have indicated trade between the two countries was above $65 billion in the last couple of years.

Anadolu quoted Erdogan as saying that “we can take serious steps” on plans for the Sinop Nuclear Power Plant in Türkiye’s Black Sea region. Russia is potentially a partner in that electricity-producing project. Rosatom, Russia’s nuclear energy agency, is currently building Türkiye’s first nuclear power plant in Mersin in the south of the country.

Türkiye, a NATO member, has maintained economic and political ties with both Russia and Ukraine. Western sanctions on Russia are reported to have curbed some of Türkiye’s trade with Russia.

Where’s Modi?

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi didn’t show up at the SCO summit in Astana, sending the foreign minister in his place. There are a few unconfirmed theories about why Modi isn’t attending.

One is that he didn’t want to be linked to any anti-American rhetoric that might pop up at the summit, at a time when India is developing closer relationships in the West. Another is that he wanted to keep personal distance this time around from a forum in which China, Central Asia’s biggest trade partner, is likely to dominate. India is a growing economic power and there are periodic military tensions on the border with China, though both countries have sought stability in their relationship with each other.

An official reason for Modi’s absence was that the dates of the Astana meeting roughly coincided with an Indian parliamentary session.

Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif of Pakistan, a traditional adversary of India, is attending the SCO summit.

As India pursues a balancing act in international relations, Modi is expected to travel to Moscow next week to meet the Russian President. India’s interest in Russian oil and gas as a way to feed its economic growth is a likely topic on the agenda, some analysts believe.

“There will be – at the core of the conversations – the topic of energy,” geopolitical strategist Velina Tchakarova said on the X platform on Wednesday.

Guterres on Tour

U.N. Secretary-General António Guterres said he has “discussed the world’s most dramatic conflicts” with Kazakhstan’s president after arriving in Astana.

Guterres, who was likely referring to the wars in Ukraine and Gaza, said he and President Tokayev also talked about the “regional situation in Central Asia.”

Earlier, the United Nations chief said on the X platform that he appreciated Kyrgyzstan’s decision to designate a mountain in the country’s Tian Shan range as “U.N. peak.”

“The Kyrgyz Republic stands on the frontlines of the climate crisis despite its negligible contribution to the problem,” said Guterres, who had traveled to Kyrgyzstan and met President Sadyr Japarov as well as young climate activists.

Kyrgyzstan has tried to create artificial glaciers to combat the negative effects of rising temperatures.

04 Jul 2024

Home, Opinion Head, International Affairs, Uzbekistan Features, Kyrgyzstan International Affairs, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan International Affairs, Kazakhstan, Opinions, Features, Kazakhstan Opinions, Kyrgyzstan Features, Kazakhstan Featurees, Uzbekistan International Affairs

Two-Dimensional Outlook Characterizes Western Media Response to SCO Summit

July 10, 2024
By Stephen M. Bland

The Western media’s binary response to the latest Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) summit in Astana creates an unnecessary – and perhaps unintentional – “us-versus-them” dichotomy. Characterizing the SCO as the “anti-NATO” alliance where China, Russia and Iran come together, this style of coverage makes no mention of the evident efforts of the majority of post-Soviet states to balance Russia’s decades-long influence in the region. It is also notable that the same outlets serving up this black and white coverage are not even in attendance at the summit, preferring to take aim from abroad.

Central Asian states cannot escape the realities of their geography and have to largely rely on Russia and China for their economic prosperity. At the same time, their future independence requires that they are a respected part of the international rules-based order as well as on their increased contribution to global supply chains.

Kazakhstan’s recent democratic reforms are in direct contrast to the authoritarian image cast on so-called “anti-NATO” countries. Armenia has announced plans to quit Russia’s Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) military alliance. Generally, the countries in the region have – with different degrees of enthusiasm – implemented a multi-vector foreign policy, including following international sanctions against Russia and issuing statements supporting the “territorial integrity of Ukraine.” Uzbekistan’s courts even went so far as to convict a citizen for joining Russian troops fighting in Ukraine.

Those looking to force an antiquated one-size-fits-all Cold War paradigm on Central Asia will ultimately be frustrated. The ongoing SCO event in Astana is bringing together a mainly Eastern-centric group of leaders speaking about deeper cooperation among the Organization’s members. While the Western press may simply decry this gathering as anti-Western, the fact that Central Asia stood in support of international sanctions against Russia and stayed neutral in the conflict with Ukraine, much to the chagrin of Vladimir Putin and his retinue, shows the region holds more shades of grey than stark black and white.

Central Asia cannot be expected to fall entirely into the orbit of Western or Eastern leaning powers. The region’s republics will, and should, aim to be aligned with both. Arguably, the West, Russia, and China may all be disappointed in the end, but that outcome may well be in the best interests of the Central Asian states.

03 Jul 2024

Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan Life & Culture, Kazakhstan International Affairs, Kazakhstan Business & Economy

Kazakhstan and China Cement Strategic Partnership

October 8, 2024
By Times of Central Asia

On July 3 , Kazakhstan President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev held a meeting in Astana with Chinese President Xi Jinping, during the latter’s state visit to Kazakhstan.

Tokayev opened the talks by hailing China a strategic partner and one of Kazakhstan’s main allies.

In response, Xi Jinping announced that China considers Kazakhstan a priority in its foreign policy relations with neighbouring countries and an important partner in Central Asia, whilst confirming, “I assure you that China will always be a reliable support for Kazakhstan.”

Negotiations revolved around the development of cooperation in investment in various sectors, including e-commerce, the manufacture of automobiles and auto parts, transit and transport, logistics, energy, agriculture, finance, and tourism.

Following the meeting, Tokayev told journalists that the development of strong political relations between Kazakhstan and China is based on mutual trust and support and emphasized, “There are no unresolved issues between us. We intend to unite our forces for intensifying trade, economic, scientific, technical, cultural and humanitarian ties. President Xi Jinping and I have just signed a Joint Statement -outlining- important achievements and long-term tasks for our countries. China is Kazakhstan’s leading trading partner. Last year, bilateral trade turnover amounted to $41 billion. In the near future we intend to double this figure. Beijing is one of our main foreign investors. Over the past 15 years, about $25 billion has been invested in Kazakhstan [by China].”

According to Tokayev, in 2023, Chinese investment in Kazakhstan’s economy increased by 16% and reached $1.8 billion. “Today, 45 projects are being implemented in Kazakhstan at a total cost of $14.5 billion -and we now have over 4,700 enterprises funded with Chinese capital. During negotiations, the importance of further implementation of mutually beneficial investment projects in the fields of energy, infrastructure, agriculture, manufacturing, finance, transport, aerospace, and IT was emphasized. We are ready to create favourable conditions for Chinese companies wishing to develop the Kazakh market.”

Referencing the fact that in 2023, exports of agricultural products from Kazakhstan to China doubled to reach $1 billion, the president continued, “We look forward to increasing supplies of high-quality natural meat products, oilseeds and grain crops to the Chinese market- and exploring – opportunities to increase the volume of grain exports to 2 million tons.”

Via teleconference, the two leaders participated in the ceremonial launch of ferries transporting trucks and railway containers along the Trans-Caspian International Transport Route.

Tokayev and Xi also opened a Kazakh cultural centre in Beijing and a Chinese cultural centre in Astana, both of which will host various cultural events, exhibitions, lectures, and masterclasses aimed at strengthening mutual understanding between the peoples of the two allied countries.

In addition to the above, the two leaders opened a branch of the Beijing Language and Culture University at Astana International University.

03 Jul 2024

Central Asia, Tajikistan International Affairs, International Affairs, Tajikistan, Tajikistan Business Economy, Business & Economy

China Invests over $5 billion in Tajikistan’s Energy Sector

July 3, 2024
By Times of Central Asia

Since gaining independence, Tajikistan has implemented 35 energy projects with financial assistance from China of over $5.3 billion, reports Tajikistan’s Ministry of Energy and Water Resources press service

The Export-Import Bank of China has provided $880 million in soft loans to support projects financed by the PRC include the Dushanbe TPP-2, the Dushanbe-500 and Sughd-500 500 kW electric substations, the South-North 500 kW power transmission line (263.8 km), Rogun (263.8 km), Rogun-Dushanbe (198 km), 220 kW substations in Lolazor, Khatlon, Aini, Shakhriston, and Shahrinav, as well as 220 kW transmission lines from Lolazor to Khatlon and from Khujand to Aini.

Tajikistan’s energy sector has also benefitted from direct investments of $197 million by Chinese companies.

Participants in the realization of investment projects in the country, as contractors and suppliers of equipment, currently include: leading design and construction company, Power Construction Corporation of China Limited (Power China), electrical and photovoltaic company TBEA Company Limited, one of the world’s largest telecommunications companies, Huawei, energy company Sinohydro International Engineering, transformer equipment manufacturer Pinggao Group Co Ltd, and one of the largest electronics manufacturers Shenzhen Kaifa Technology.

Within the oil and gas sector, Tajikistan has established cooperation with China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC). The company, which conducts geophysical work, will begin seismic exploration of an area covering thousands of square kilometres, at the end of July 2024.

Over the past year, memoranda on renewable energy development have been signed with TBEA and Powerchain leading to the funding and construction of a series of solar and wind power plants with a total capacity of 1,500 MW in Tajikistan.

03 Jul 2024

Central Asia, International Affairs, Business & Economy, Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan International Affairs, Kazakhstan Business & Economy

Iran to Provide Kazakhstan with Irrigation Technology

July 3, 2024
By Times of Central Asia

The exchange of experience and technologies to reduce water loss during the transportation and irrigation of crops was discussed at a meeting between the Minister of Water Resources and Irrigation of Kazakhstan, Nurzhan Nurzhigitov, and the Iranian Ambassador to Kazakhstan, Ali Akbar Joukar.

Iranian companies expressed their readiness to provide Kazakhstan with modern irrigation systems, including groundwater and automatic drip irrigation systems that deliver moisture directly to plants’ roots. Introducing these technologies in Iran has significantly reduced water consumption in rice cultivation, while increasing yields.

“We have already started large-scale work on constructing and reconstructing reservoirs and other water management facilities. Iranian companies have rich experience in this field and are developing effective technologies, some of which are already working in Kazakhstan. For example, irrigation networks are being reconstructed in Zhambyl and Turkestan provinces. Therefore, I would like to invite businessmen from Iran to our country to participate in tenders for the construction and repair of water infrastructure,” Nurzhigitov stated.