Each spring, nine households grazed livestock on a stretch of desert pasture in Uzbekistan’s Bukhara Region. The land is now the site of the Nur Bukhara solar and battery plant, but an audit intended to show whether promised livelihood protections worked remains unpublished.
Seven of the households came from the nearby settlement of Kirilishon and used the state-owned pasture without permits or formal agreements. A herder and his partner, identified publicly only as H1 and H2, grazed animals there through a short-term agreement with Alat Qorakolchilik LLC, a local livestock company holding a sublease on the land. The nine households included 43 people.
The plant began operating in September 2025 and was inaugurated that December. The Uzbek government awarded the project to Masdar, an Abu Dhabi-based renewable energy developer that built the facility and now operates it.
Nur Bukhara combines a 250-megawatt solar plant with a 63-megawatt battery system capable of storing 126 megawatt-hours of electricity. Masdar says it can supply more than 55,000 homes, while the World Bank described it as Central Asia’s first utility-scale renewable energy project to combine solar generation with battery storage.
During a consultation on May 7, 2023, Kirilishon residents asked for the solar plant to be moved. If construction went ahead, they wanted replacement grazing land near the village and priority consideration for project jobs.
H1 and H2 had a documented right to use the pasture, while the seven Kirilishon households did not. However, the safeguards required by Nur Bukhara’s international lenders covered both formal and informal users whose livelihoods would be disrupted by the project.
Masdar commissioned a livelihood restoration plan setting out the assistance the households were to receive before construction cut off access to the site. It identified about 260 hectares of replacement pasture, equivalent to one square mile, for H1 and H2. Alat Qorakolchilik also identified approximately 1,000 hectares, or 3.9 square miles, of additional land available to herders. The seven informal households were to be allowed to use replacement pasture without obtaining formal agreements.
The larger tract was not described as land reserved exclusively for those households. The published map did not record which final area each household would receive. The livelihood measures also included priority access to project employment and additional support for households considered vulnerable.
In an official statement provided to The Times of Central Asia by John Greenway, Masdar’s senior vice president and head of media relations for the Middle East, the company stated that replacement grazing arrangements had been provided before access to the project site was restricted, “maintaining equivalent grazing conditions.” The statement added that “several members of affected households obtained project-related employment opportunities.”
According to Masdar, implementation was monitored by the project’s international lenders and independently reviewed by third-party auditors, with the completion audit finalized in September 2025. The company reported no grievances relating to the plan from affected households through the project’s grievance mechanism.
The completion audit was not included with Masdar’s response. As of August 20, 2026, it was also absent from Masdar’s Nur Bukhara page and the International Finance Corporation’s project disclosure. Simonyan Consulting, which says it was engaged by the project company to conduct the audit, lists the assignment as “2025–ongoing.”
Without the audit, the public cannot identify the final grazing area received by each household or determine how far it was from Kirilishon. Nor can it assess whether the replacement land had comparable water and vegetation or could support the same number of animals. Masdar did not specify how many household members obtained jobs.
The available record contains no post-construction account from the affected households and does not provide their assessment of the replacement grazing arrangements.
Uzbekistan aims to develop at least 25 gigawatts of renewable capacity by 2030, with renewable sources providing more than half of its electricity generation. As solar facilities spread across the country’s desert regions, other people using pasture through informal arrangements may encounter similar disruptions.
In a 2022 roadmap, the International Energy Agency urged Uzbekistan to involve citizens in energy planning and monitor the social effects of development to “avoid conflicting projects and social opposition.” Publishing the Nur Bukhara completion audit would allow the public to examine whether the promised protections produced grazing land the households could use and provide a transparent standard for future projects.
