Kazakhstan Business & Economy - The Times Of Central Asia

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Kazakhstan’s Nuclear Energy Projects: Evaluating Potential Suppliers for a Sustainable Future

Kazakhstan, renowned for its abundant uranium reserves and expansive mining ventures, is making substantial progress in the realm of nuclear power. The country's inaugural venture into this field was marked by the BN-350 fast-neutron reactor in Aktau, which signified the launch of Kazakhstan's first nuclear power plant. At present, Kazakhstan operates 13 uranium mining projects. Kazatomprom, the national atomic company, fully owns three of these, while the remaining ten are joint ventures with foreign equity holders. In 2020, Kazatomprom's significant contributions to the uranium mining industry confirmed Kazakhstan's status as the global leader in uranium production, providing 28% of the world's production. However, Kazakhstan's nuclear aspirations are not confined to uranium mining. Plans are in motion to construct a nuclear power plant (NPP), projected to be operational by 2035, to cater to the country's escalating energy demands. The proposed NPP is expected to house two reactors, each with a capacity ranging from 1,000 to 1,400 megawatts. These reactors will help alleviate the shortage of base load power supply in the nation. Currently, the authorities are evaluating several potential suppliers of nuclear technology. The contenders include China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC), South Korea's Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power (KHNP), France's Électricité de France (EDF), and Russia's state corporation Rosatom. The construction of the NPP has sparked significant debate within the country. In response to public sentiment, President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev has announced a referendum to decide the future of the plant. Despite the controversy, the nuclear sector continues to contribute to Kazakhstan's economy through job creation. Nearly 18,000 people are currently employed in the peaceful use of nuclear energy. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has been closely monitoring Kazakhstan's progress in developing its nuclear infrastructure. The country operates several research reactors and other nuclear installations related to the front end of the nuclear fuel cycle10. While Kazakhstan's venture into nuclear energy offers significant benefits, including job creation, economic growth, and a sustainable solution to the country's escalating energy needs the course ahead depends on public sentiment and the outcome of the forthcoming referendum.

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Kazakhstan Increases Oil Supplies to Germany via Russia by 54% in November

Kazakhstan Increases Oil Supplies to Germany via Russia by 54% in November The volume of transportation of Kazakh oil through the system of trunk oil pipelines of Russia’s Transneft PJSC in the direction of the Adamova Zastava oil delivery point in Russia for further delivery to Germany will increase from the planned 100,000 tons to 154,000 tons, the director of the transportation department of KazTransOil JSC, Abai Beisembayev said on November 30th. KazTransOil JSC is the national operator of the main oil pipeline in Kazakhstan. “Despite difficult meteorological conditions in the Black Sea, KazTransOil JSC fully fulfills its obligations to shippers”, Beisembayev said. “There are no restrictions on the part of Transneft PJSC today. Due to the limitations of oil transportation through the system of the Caspian Pipeline Consortium JSC, a number of shippers who would like to pump oil through our system have applied to KazTransOil JSC. Operational work was carried out with Transneft PJSC on additional pumping of the resources of Karachaganak Petroleum Operating B.V. In November, it was planned to deliver 100,000 tons of oil to Germany, but by the end of the month, the volume of transportation of Kazakh oil through the system of trunk oil pipelines of Transneft PJSC in the direction of the Adamova Zastava oil delivery point for further delivery to Germany will amount to 154,000 tons”. KazTransOil JSC confirmed its technical capability to supply 1.2 million tons of Kazakh oil a year towards the Adamova Zastava oil delivery point for further transportation to Germany, but the actual volume depends on requests from oil companies.

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Kazakhstan Signs Twenty Deals Worth $4.85 Billion in Dubai

On December 2nd, during his visit to the United Arab Emirates (UAE), President of Kazakhstan, Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, oversaw the signing of twenty commercial agreements. These agreements, facilitated by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Kazakhstan and the National Company KAZAKH INVEST, are collectively worth $4.85 billion. A landmark agreement was reached between the governments of Kazakhstan and the UAE for a $1.4 billion construction project of a 1 GW wind power station in Kazakhstan. The project will be implemented with the assistance of Masdar, a UAE-based renewable energy company. Furthermore, a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed between the Ministry of Energy of Kazakhstan, JSC Samruk-Kazyna, and the Ministry of Investments of the UAE. This MoU outlines plans for implementing low-carbon energy projects with a combined capacity of 10 GW. In addition, JSC Samruk-Kazyna and ACWA Power agreed to jointly develop a project for the construction of wind power stations with a total capacity of 1 GW and an energy storage system in the Zhetysu region in Kazakhstan. An investment agreement was also inked between the Government of Kazakhstan and French company Total Energies. This agreement pertains to the development, construction, and operation of a wind power station with a total capacity of 1 GW in the Zhambyl region of Kazakhstan. In terms of venture funding, the Qazaqstan Investment Corporation established a co-investment platform with ADQ, an Abu Dhabi-based investment and holding company, on strategic partnership for creating a joint financing mechanism for venture projects. Moreover, a joint venture agreement was signed between JSC National Company Kazakhstan, Temir Zholy, and the Abu Dhabi Ports Group. The agreement covers collaboration in five key areas: maritime transportation, maritime and dry ports, railway logistics, digitization, and trading5. Lastly, the JSC National Company KAZAKH INVEST and Emirati company Al Amana Power Solutions agreed to initiate the development of renewable energy projects with investments exceeding $100 million. Overall, these agreements underscore Kazakhstan's commitment to sustainable energy and international collaboration in pursuing green initiatives.

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Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan to Bring Mutual Trade to $10 Billion

On November 9th, Alikhan Smailov, the Prime Minister of Kazakhstan, made an official visit to Tashkent, Uzbekistan, for the 16th summit of the Economic Cooperation Organization. Prior to the event, he met with the President of Uzbekistan, Shavkat Mirziyoyev. During their meeting, Smailov extended warm greetings from the President of Kazakhstan, Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, and highlighted the strong strategic partnership between the two nations, based on trust and mutual understanding3. Smailov pointed out that "Uzbekistan is one of the largest trade partners of Kazakhstan. Our countries account for about 70% of all trade in Central Asia. At the end of last year, trade turnover increased by 30%, and for the first time reached the milestone of $5 billion. We are actively working to bring mutual trade to $10 billion”. Mirziyoyev reciprocated the sentiment, noting that the strategic agreements between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan were being systematically realized across various sectors, including trade, transportation, and water management5. He added, “All issues we have are moving forward; I think there is not a single unresolved issue. In terms of trade, the projects we have agreed on with the President of Kazakhstan will help us reach new frontiers”. In line with these discussions, Arman Shakkaliev, Kazakhstan’s Minister of Trade and Integration, and Laziz Kudratov, Uzbekistan’s Minister of Investment, Industry and Trade, signed an agreement to regulate the activities of the International Centre for Industrial Cooperation “Central Asia”7. This center, set to be established on the border of the two countries, will house production sites, warehouses for goods and equipment storage, and transport infrastructure. The aim is to expedite cargo delivery and reduce logistics costs. The Industrial Cooperation Centre is expected to stimulate the creation of new production facilities and jobs, aid in the processing of agricultural and industrial products, and provide logistics services for goods transportation. It's hoped that the centre will enhance transport efficiency and expedite customs clearance processes. The signing of this agreement is a practical step towards the realization of the project. The launch of the Industrial Cooperation Centre is poised to serve as a catalyst for the further development of international trade and economic integration between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. It's also projected to contribute to increasing bilateral trade turnover to up to $10 billion.

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Promoting Sustainable Development in Central Asia: Key Highlights from the Eurasian Development Bank’s Roundtable

According to a press release issued by the Eurasian Development Bank (EDB), on November 16th, 2023, Almaty, Kazakhstan, served as the venue for a critical roundtable hosted by the EDB, titled "Promoting Sustainable Development in Central Asia". This gathering saw the participation of representatives from a wide range of international organizations and multilateral development banks. Attendees included the likes of the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, the Islamic Development Bank, FAO, UNIDO, UNEP, ESCAP, UNDP, the World Health Organisation, the International Fund for Saving the Aral Sea, and CICA. The agenda was packed with discussions revolving around irrigation, water challenges, environmental and social standards of international financial institutions, and case studies that showcased collaborations in project implementation12. The EDB's latest report, "Efficient Irrigation and Water Conservation in Central Asia", was introduced during the roundtable's first session. Nikolai Podguzov, Chairman of the EDB Management Board, underscored the essential interrelationship between water, food, and energy in Central Asia. He declared the development of the region’s water and energy resources as a strategic priority for the EDB. He also expressed concerns over an impending water deficit in Central Asia within the next five years, urging for collective action supported by multilateral development banks3. Tatiana Proskuryakova, the Regional Director for Central Asia at the World Bank, also spoke at the event. She emphasized the importance of sustainable development in Central Asia to international organizations and multilateral financial institutions. She revealed that the World Bank has allocated approximately a quarter of its $12 billion investment portfolio in Central Asia to water, energy, and environmental sectors. This proportion is expected to rise to almost half in the near future4. Following this, Evgeny Vinokurov, EDB Chief Economist, presented the study "Efficient Irrigation and Water Conservation in Central Asia". He proposed a ten-step solution to address the prevalent issues. The steps include establishing an International Water and Energy Consortium; fostering collaboration among multilateral banks; creating a regional cluster to produce irrigation equipment; consolidating efforts to strengthen cooperation with Afghanistan; using PPP instruments; instituting proper water accounting; gradually integrating investment charges into the tariff structure; improving land conditions; implementing digital technology, and leveraging state-of-the-art irrigation technology and laser levelling.