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Scientists Investigate Deaths of 1,000 Caspian Sea Seals

More than 1,000 seal carcasses have washed ashore along a stretch of the Caspian Sea coast in the last month, according to the Kazakh government. The mass death of seals in the area has previously been reported, and similar events have occurred over the years. But new data from the Ministry of Agriculture reveals the large scale of the latest losses as scientists study tissue samples taken from the carcasses to find out why the seals died. “The Fisheries Committee suggests that natural phenomena, including natural gas emissions caused by underwater earthquakes, might be the reason behind the deaths,” the ministry said on Thursday. “Final conclusions regarding the causes of the seal deaths will be determined after laboratory tests are completed, which, according to scientific organizations, will take 3–4 months.” Fisheries officials discovered 1,034 seal carcasses along the coast in the Tupkaragan district of the Mangystau region of western Kazakhstan between Oct. 24 and Nov. 13, according to the ministry. So far, tests of tissue samples are negative for a number of infectious diseases. Kazakh officials attributed the deaths of nearly 200 seals in late 2022 to pneumonia, while noting that environmental pollution in the Caspian Sea had made their immunity systems more vulnerable to infectious diseases. Concerns about the impact of oil extraction, industrial waste and other environmental damage on the sea’s ecoystem are increasing. Scientists have recorded mass deaths of seals in the Caspian Sea for more than two decades. In 2000, the deaths of about 10,000 seals was attributed to chronic toxicosis.

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Fueling Growth: IFC Strategic Initiatives for Sustainable Development in Central Asia – An Interview With Hela Cheikhrouhou

With its headquarters in Washington, D.C. the International Finance Corporation (IFC) was established in 1956 as the private-sector arm of the World Bank. The institution offers advisory, and asset-management services to promote investment in developing countries. Recent ventures in Central Asia include solar power projects in Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan, and an entrepreneurship scheme for women and young people in Tajikistan. TCA spoke with Hela Cheikhrouhou, IFC Vice President for the Middle East, Central Asia, Türkiye, Afghanistan, and Pakistan about the IFC’s work in Central Asia. TCA: Can you please give us an overview of IFC's performance in Central Asia for fiscal year 2024 (July 1, 2023, to June 30, 2024)? IFC had a pivotal year in Central Asia, making strides in sustainable development and inclusive growth across the region. Our efforts concentrated on climate finance, infrastructure, agriculture, and supporting smaller businesses. By coupling investments with advisory support, we helped expand the role of the private sector, creating jobs, promoting financial inclusion, strengthening infrastructure, and supporting the region's green transition. In the fiscal year 2024, IFC committed over $1 billion to Central Asia. This includes about $400 million in long-term financing from our own account, $600 million in mobilization, and $35 million in short-term trade and supply-chain finance to facilitate trade flows. Alongside these financial commitments, we engaged in advisory projects focused on improving financial inclusion, developing innovative public-private partnerships (PPPs), and advancing climate initiatives and gender equality. Our results this year underscore our commitment to fostering sustainable, inclusive growth, and enhancing the resilience and sustainability of Central Asian economies. TCA: Can you highlight some of the IFC’s key achievements in Central Asia this year? In addition to the strong financial commitments mentioned earlier, IFC expanded its presence in various sectors, including finance, capital markets, renewable energy, agriculture, and infrastructure. Through our advisory services, we helped structure impactful PPPs at the sectoral level. A major focus this year has been strengthening local financial markets. IFC invested $228 million across ten financial institutions in Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan. Up to half this amount was dedicated to supporting women entrepreneurs and rural enterprises. We also helped these financial institutions expand portfolios related to their micro, small, and medium enterprise (MSME) businesses, advance climate finance, foster digital transformation, and issue the region’s first sustainability, social, and green bonds. Supporting MSMEs has enabled entrepreneurs to grow their businesses and generate employment. In the past fiscal year alone, IFC-supported projects created around 35,000 direct jobs, including opportunities for over 13,000 women across the region. These efforts have been further bolstered by targeted investments and projects in individual countries across the region. In Uzbekistan, IFC, together with the World Bank, financed a new solar plant equipped with the country’s first battery energy storage system. Once completed, the plant is expected to provide electricity access to around 75,000 households in the Bukhara region. As part of its broader support for the Uzbek government’s efforts to reform its chemical sector, IFC assisted the State Asset Management Agency in privatizing Ferganaazot,...

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#ForSaltanat: The Quest for Justice in Domestic Violence Cases in Kazakhstan

In the spring of 2024, the televised murder trial of Kuandyk Bishimbayev, Kazakhstan’s former Minister of the National Economy, captivated viewers across the country. Bishimbayev was found guilty of the brutal murder of his wife, Saltanat Nukenova, in a restaurant in Astana, and sentenced to 24 years in prison. Comparisons to the O.J. Simpson trial of 1995 were inevitable. Both trials involved a prominent figure — in this case, a politician previously pardoned by President Nursultan Nazarbayev after serving time for corruption — a victim who had endured domestic abuse, and a massive viewership. Bishimbayev's trial underscored public fascination with the case, driven not only by its reality TV appeal but by a growing awareness of deeply ingrained gender inequities, particularly regarding the societal expectations placed on Kazakh women within marriage. The trial’s timing occurred shortly before — and perhaps by no coincidence — new legislation was signed by President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev on April 15, 2024, amending laws to protect the rights and safety of women and children. However, critics noted an omission: a clear, targeted focus on preventing domestic violence. Two Kazakh women, who shared their stories with The Times of Central Asia, revealed the extent to which domestic violence remains embedded in Kazakh society. Rayana, from Astana, and Aliya, a Kazakh student in New York City, have never met, yet their stories echo shared challenges and hopes for change in their home country. Rayana, a beauty industry professional in her mid-twenties, reflected on her brief and tumultuous marriage, which began when she was 23. “I loved my husband, but felt it was too early to marry. We married just four months after meeting, and within a month of living together, I wanted a divorce. He was unfaithful and violent.” When Rayana sought help from her mother-in-law, she was told that her mother-in-law had also been a victim of domestic violence and that she, too, must learn to endure it. “It is worth mentioning that in Kazakhstan the north is very different from the south,” Rayana added. “I'm a northerner, he's a southerner. I had never experienced abuse before, and then for the first time, I felt a panic attack, which I still live with. In the south, people adhere more to traditions and have a negative attitude towards divorce and washing their dirty linen in public. Women keep silent about domestic violence. I can’t say anything about his family’s attitude. I still don’t fully understand.” Having grown up around domestic violence, she believes that one in two families is affected by it. After separating, Rayana’s family offered her support, while her in-laws disapproved, even throwing out her belongings. Rayana’s life since then, however, has vastly improved. “I have been working in the beauty industry for a long time. In our field, at least, climbing the career ladder is not difficult. My first supervisor helped me a lot. He spoke fondly of his wife and cared about his female employees. This gives us faith that there are good men...

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Six Key Names in the Music of Kazakhstan

The music of Kazakhstan is a bright reflection of the national identity. From pop classics to groundbreaking hip-hop sounds, Kazakhstani artists are creating more than just songs – they’re blazing a new cultural trail, where every chord and lyric is imbued with a unique identity. TCA has compiled a list of six key names whose music has united generations, captured hearts and made Kazakhstan a prominent spot on the global music map. Dos-Mukasan [embed]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KCmlOVdhVLc[/embed] Dos-Mukasan have been one of the most popular bands in Kazakhstan since the late 1960s. The group was created by students of the Kazakh Polytechnic Institute and soon became a firm favorite with the public. They combined folk motifs with elements of rock music, which was revolutionary at the time, and set a new vector for Kazakhstani pop music. Their compositions, such as “Aliya” and “Toi Zhyry”, remain popular and are played at various events, evoking a strong sense of nostalgia among the older generations. Following the release of the movie Dos-Mukasan in 2022, the band gained a second lease of life with a younger audience. Now, the legendary band can be heard on a new generation of headphones, and the number of monthly listens on Spotify has already exceeded 19,000. Roza Rymbayeva [embed]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NvdFwnQ1nXU[/embed] Roza Rymbayeva, the “Nightingale of Kazakhstan”, is one of the most famous performers from Soviet-era Kazakhstan. Her career began in 1975 when she became a soloist with the Arai ensemble and quickly gained immense popularity. Rymbayeva continued her career performing on various international stages and won a plethora of awards. Her songs are characterized by strong vocals and deep content, and many, such as “Aliya,” have become true classics of Kazakhstani pop music. Kairat Nurtas [embed]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bkPBXZNbKA4[/embed] Kairat Nurtas is one of the most commercially successful performers in modern Kazakhstan. He began his musical career as a teenager, and by the 2010s had become a star of the Kazakh pop scene. His songs, such as “Arman” and “Almaty tүni,” became hits, winning over fans across the country. Kairat is listened to by both the younger generation, who appreciate his modern pop sounds, and more mature listeners, who are drawn to his lyrics and national motifs. Thanks to his charisma and ability to find a common language with different generations, Kairat has a huge army of fans and has a significant influence on the modern pop culture of Kazakhstan. Dimash Kudaibergen [embed]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AUARjexCTlQ[/embed] Dimash Kudaibergen is a singer with a unique voice, the range of which reaches six octaves. He became famous globally thanks to his participation in the Chinese show “I Am a Singer” in 2017, where he captivated the audience with his powerful voice. Dimash has won numerous international awards and actively popularizes Kazakh culture abroad, incorporating national themes into his performances. His compositions, “S.O.S” and “Acapella” have been recognized both in Kazakhstan and far beyond its borders. Skriptonit [embed]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nkncpcanly0[/embed] Skriptonit (Adil Jalelov) is one of the most influential rappers in Kazakhstan and the CIS. His style...

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Kazakhstan Sports Anticipates Influx of Russian and Belarusian Athletes

Kazakhstan's lower house of parliament, the Mazhilis, has approved in its first reading a bill on physical culture and sports that would ban the funding of foreign athletes (legionnaires) from the state budget and national companies with government stakes. However, even if this bill is enacted, Kazakh sports teams will retain a legal avenue to invite athletes from Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) countries using public funds. For the first time, Kazakhstan’s national legislature is proposing a provision prohibiting the use of state funds to finance athletes who are not citizens of Kazakhstan, with the goal of prioritizing Kazakh athletes in terms of both sports representation and financial support. Minister of Tourism and Sports Yerbol Myrzabasynov has also suggested setting a cap on state funding for professional sports clubs, which would vary by sport according to national priorities. “The freed funds will be redirected towards children’s and youth sports, including boarding schools, youth sports schools, sports reserves, and facility upgrades,” Myrzabasynov explained. The bill was approved in the first reading. Currently, government funding for sports clubs in Kazakhstan comes from two main sources. Teams competing internationally, such as the Barys hockey team in the Continental Hockey League, the Astana basketball team in the VTB United League, and the Astana cycling team in the World Tour, receive support from the Samruk-Kazyna fund. Other teams in soccer, hockey, basketball, and volleyball competing in Kazakhstan’s national championships are funded by local budgets, with Astana’s soccer team - which also receives sponsorship from the Samruk-Kazyna fund - being the sole exception. Should the bill pass, these teams will need to rely on Kazakh athletes — or athletes from EAEU countries such as Russia, Belarus, Armenia, and Kyrgyzstan. The Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union, enacted in January 2015, promotes the free movement of services, goods, capital, and labor across member states, ensuring equal labor rights and remuneration for citizens of EAEU countries. This treaty means that Kazakh clubs cannot restrict funding for athletes from EAEU nations without breaching international commitments. In Kazakh soccer, for instance, EAEU athletes are not counted as foreign players in the Premier League, a policy instituted after the Kazakhstan Football Federation set a limit on foreign players several years ago, capping each team’s roster at eight foreign players per season. Athletes from Russia, Belarus, Armenia, and Kyrgyzstan, however, are treated as domestic players due to Kazakhstan’s international obligations. This arrangement stems from Kazakhstan’s Law on Legal Acts, which stipulates that ratified international treaties take precedence over national laws. Therefore, if the bill banning foreign athletes' funding from the state budget is fully enacted, EAEU athletes will remain exempt from this ban. The bill must still pass through a second reading in the Mazhilis, two readings in the Senate, and obtain presidential approval before it becomes law. Questions remains as to whether Kazakh sports clubs will use this provision to hire athletes from EAEU countries, given potential legal challenges. Local administrations (akimats) who would be affected by any restrictions on funding for...

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Harnessing AI for Inclusive Education: Transforming Learning Experiences in Kazakhstan

Artificial Intelligence continues to revolutionize every major industry, and its impact on education is especially transformative and promising. Many countries around the world face numerous problems in their education systems, and AI offers solutions to many of them. Kazakhstan is one of the nations that embrace the AI revolution by making efforts to integrate AI into its education system. Current State of AI in Kazakhstan In Kazakhstan, the government is investing heavily to integrate AI into its education system. It plans to spend 650 billion tenge on research initiatives including offering AI literacy courses in universities starting in 2024. This reflects a national strategy aimed at modernizing education and preparing a workforce skilled in AI technologies. Kazakhstan's universities are beginning to adopt AI technologies to stay current with technological advancements. Institutions like Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University are introducing AI-focused programs that include training on intelligent tutoring systems. Korkyt Ata Kyzylorda State University has also initiated a School of Artificial Intelligence in collaboration with SeoulTech. This program aims to facilitate the exchange of knowledge among professors in artificial intelligence and VR/AR technologies. Such initiatives exemplify how targeted training can prepare students for future job markets while addressing regional skill gaps. Additionally, interviews with educators involved in these programs reveal a growing enthusiasm for integrating technology into teaching practices. One educator noted how adaptive learning platforms have allowed her to tailor lessons more effectively to meet her students' varying needs. Accessibility and Inclusivity AI technologies also play a crucial role in enhancing accessibility for students with disabilities. Tools like speech recognition software and language translation applications can significantly improve learning experiences for diverse learners. For instance, platforms like Duolingo employ AI-driven language translation tools to assist students who may struggle with language barriers. Moreover, applications such as Seeing AI and Voiceitt are revolutionizing education by providing real-time support for visually impaired and speech-impaired students, respectively. These technologies not only facilitate communication but also empower students to engage more fully in their educational experiences. In alignment with these advancements, organizations such as UNICEF are leveraging AI to provide quality education in underserved regions. In Kazakhstan, efforts are underway to ensure that all students, regardless of their backgrounds or abilities, can benefit from these advancements. A recent initiative launched by UNICEF and the Nazarbayev University Research and Innovation System focuses on integrating artificial intelligence into secondary education, aiming to enhance the quality of learning for all students. This project emphasizes the importance of equipping teachers with the necessary skills and tools to effectively utilize AI technologies in their classrooms. By fostering an inclusive educational environment that incorporates adaptive learning technologies, these efforts seek to bridge gaps and ensure equitable access to quality education across the country, aligning with global trends in educational innovation. Data-Driven Insights for Educators AI analytics offer educators valuable insights into student progress and performance. By monitoring data trends, teachers can identify at-risk learners and facilitate timely interventions. For example, platforms like...