• KGS/USD = 0.01144 0%
  • KZT/USD = 0.00194 -0%
  • TJS/USD = 0.10834 -0.09%
  • UZS/USD = 0.00008 0%
  • TMT/USD = 0.28490 0%
  • KGS/USD = 0.01144 0%
  • KZT/USD = 0.00194 -0%
  • TJS/USD = 0.10834 -0.09%
  • UZS/USD = 0.00008 0%
  • TMT/USD = 0.28490 0%
  • KGS/USD = 0.01144 0%
  • KZT/USD = 0.00194 -0%
  • TJS/USD = 0.10834 -0.09%
  • UZS/USD = 0.00008 0%
  • TMT/USD = 0.28490 0%
  • KGS/USD = 0.01144 0%
  • KZT/USD = 0.00194 -0%
  • TJS/USD = 0.10834 -0.09%
  • UZS/USD = 0.00008 0%
  • TMT/USD = 0.28490 0%
  • KGS/USD = 0.01144 0%
  • KZT/USD = 0.00194 -0%
  • TJS/USD = 0.10834 -0.09%
  • UZS/USD = 0.00008 0%
  • TMT/USD = 0.28490 0%
  • KGS/USD = 0.01144 0%
  • KZT/USD = 0.00194 -0%
  • TJS/USD = 0.10834 -0.09%
  • UZS/USD = 0.00008 0%
  • TMT/USD = 0.28490 0%
  • KGS/USD = 0.01144 0%
  • KZT/USD = 0.00194 -0%
  • TJS/USD = 0.10834 -0.09%
  • UZS/USD = 0.00008 0%
  • TMT/USD = 0.28490 0%
  • KGS/USD = 0.01144 0%
  • KZT/USD = 0.00194 -0%
  • TJS/USD = 0.10834 -0.09%
  • UZS/USD = 0.00008 0%
  • TMT/USD = 0.28490 0%
10 December 2025

Opinion: In Kazakhstan’s Nuclear Race, Financial Muscle Will Decide the Winner

The most closely watched development in Kazakhstan this June is the decision over which foreign company will be awarded the contract to build the country’s first nuclear power plant. According to earlier announcements, the Kazakh Atomic Energy Agency is expected to make its decision by the end of the month. Bidders from South Korea, France, Russia, and China remain in contention, although recent expert commentary suggests that earlier assumptions favoring Russia’s Rosatom may no longer hold.

Competing Interests Beneath the Surface

In Kazakhstan, there appears to be an internal struggle between two strategic camps with opposing visions for the project’s future. Each faction has its own backers, deeply embedded in the country’s nuclear ambitions.

One group, primarily composed of financial officials and economic policymakers, is advocating for the least expensive option. Their preferred bidder is China’s China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC), which is offering the lowest project cost, backed by Chinese bank financing. This group is influenced not only by CNNC’s competitive pricing but also by China’s broader economic leverage over Kazakhstan.

The second group consists of nuclear professionals, scientists, engineers, and technicians, who prioritize reliability and operational familiarity. Their preference leans toward Rosatom, given Russia’s historical involvement and established presence in Kazakhstan’s nuclear sector. This technical camp is widely viewed as a de facto ally of the Kremlin, as Rosatom’s participation would extend Moscow’s long-term strategic influence in Central Asia. Given the 50-60-year operational lifespan of such reactors, this influence would be enduring.

Though this tension remains speculative, patterns observed over the past decade suggest a real and ongoing tug-of-war.

No Thermal Power, No Nuclear Power?

At the end of May, media in Kazakhstan reported that Russia might not fulfill its commitments under a 2023 memorandum signed during President Vladimir Putin’s visit to Astana. The agreement with President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev concerned the construction of three coal-fired thermal power plants (TPPs) in Kokshetau, Semey, and Ust-Kamenogorsk, with Russian energy giant Inter RAO designated as the turnkey builder. The total cost was estimated at $2.8 billion.

However, in April 2024, First Deputy Prime Minister Roman Sklyar acknowledged financial hurdles. While design and preliminary work continue, difficulties remain in subsidizing equipment interest rates. Sklyar noted that a change in investor may be considered, and the situation could be resolved within a month.

Oil and gas expert Olzhas Baidildinov has speculated that the nuclear power plant project may be bundled with the thermal plants as a “social burden”, a condition that CNNC might accept more readily than Rosatom. “If CNNC is chosen to build the nuclear power plant, the thermal plants could follow as part of the package,” Baidildinov suggested via his Telegram channel.

Sergey Agafonov, head of the Kazakhstan Association of Energy Supply Organizations, also sees the nuclear and thermal plant projects as interconnected, particularly with regard to financing.

Debunking the Price Myth

The technical community has responded swiftly to growing narratives about CNNC’s supposedly unbeatable offer to construct the nuclear plant for $5.5 billion, a claim spread via Chinese sources.

Nuclear physicist Sayabek Sakhiev, Director General of the Institute of Nuclear Physics, called these figures implausible. Citing global construction costs, he estimated a realistic price range of $10-15 billion for such a facility. He noted that even a Chinese-built plant in Pakistan, completed in 2013, cost $9.1 billion, equivalent to $12.5 billion today after adjusting for inflation.

“Announcing that China can build 2.4 GW of nuclear capacity in Kazakhstan for $5.5 billion is simply untrue,” Sakhiev emphasized.

A Decision Rooted in Financing Power

Ultimately, the decision may not hinge on technical reliability or long-term geopolitical considerations, but on which bidder can shoulder the heaviest financial burden. If Kazakhstan has indeed conditioned the nuclear plant contract on the simultaneous construction of three coal-fired TPPs, a deeply unfashionable investment globally, then the financially stronger Chinese side is likely to emerge victorious.

In the end, the race for Kazakhstan’s nuclear future may be decided not by reactors, but by balance sheets.

 

The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the publication, its affiliates, or any other organizations mentioned.

Opinion: What Uzbekistan’s FIFA World Cup Breakthrough Tells Us About State-Building

When Uzbekistan’s goalkeeper Utkir Yusupov made those crucial saves against the UAE last night, securing his country’s first-ever FIFA World Cup qualification, he was putting the finishing touches to a decade-long story about how nations build capacity, and what happens when they finally get it right.

Uzbekistan’s journey to the 2026 World Cup is not just a sports story. Go deeper, and you’ll find something more interesting: a case study in institutional development.

The Numbers Don’t Lie

Consider what Uzbekistan has pulled off in recent years. At Rio 2016, the country won 13 Olympic medals, placing 21st globally. In Tokyo, they obtained three gold medals despite disruptions caused by the pandemic. Uzbekistan achieved its best-ever performance at the Paris Olympics, securing 13 medals (8 gold, 2 silver, and 3 bronze), placing them 13th overall in the medal standings, first among post-Soviet states, and fourth among Asian nations overall.

But the real story is the systematic nature of their success.

Seven of those 13 Rio medals came in boxing alone, with three golds. At the 2023 World Boxing Championships in Tashkent, Uzbek fighters received five gold medals, the tournament’s best overall performance. Boxers also dominated the Paris Olympics, bringing five gold medals to the national team’s account.

Uzbekistan’s youth football teams have been even more dominant: AFC U-23 champions in 2018, U-20 Asian Cup winners in 2023, and U-17 continental champions twice since 2012.

This is not random. Big tournaments reward institutional capacity, not just individual talent. Success on this scale requires functional sports federations, coherent youth development systems, and the kind of long-term planning that only works when bureaucracies can actually implement policies rather than just announce them.

Small Economy, Outsized Results

What makes Uzbekistan’s breakthrough particularly striking is the economic context. Uzbekistan is not Germany or Japan leveraging massive GDP advantages. Uzbekistan’s sports budget doubled to roughly $230 million by 2025, serious money for the country, but pocket change compared to what traditional powers spend.

Yet they’re outperforming nations with far deeper pockets. Their junior teams dominate youth football rankings. Their boxers routinely defeat athletes from wealthier countries. That efficiency ratio, results per dollar invested, suggests something important is happening at the governance level.

The government has built over a hundred new sports facilities while doubling coaches’ salaries. President Mirziyoyev’s Presidential Olympics program scouts talent across all regions, attracting the best prospects to national training centers. Athletes now receive meaningful incentives: houses, cars, and scholarships. This is a systematic investment with clear metrics and accountability.

The Quiet Politics of Athletic Success

Sports remain one of the few arenas where state effectiveness can reveal itself without the outsized intrusion of politics. You can’t fake your way to consistent Olympic medals or sustained success in FIFA youth competitions. These achievements require multiple sectors – education, healthcare, and urban planning – to function in coordination.

Uzbekistan’s sporting surge coincides with broader signs of improved state capacity under Mirziyoyev’s administration. The infrastructure investments are real. The youth development programs are producing measurable results. The bureaucratic reforms that enable coaches to be paid properly and facilities to be maintained suggest a departure from the pure patronage politics that characterized the Karimov era.

What This Means Beyond the Pitch

Uzbekistan’s World Cup qualification should be understood as one data point in a larger pattern of institutional development. The same state capacity that produces Olympic champions also builds roads, improves healthcare delivery, and attracts foreign investment. The organizational competence that turned Uzbek boxing into a global powerhouse doesn’t exist in isolation from other forms of governance.

The sporting successes serve both genuine developmental purposes and political ones, bolstering the narrative of a “New Uzbekistan” under strong leadership.

When Uzbekistan takes the field at the 2026 World Cup, they’ll represent more than just 35 million people cheering from home. They’ll embody a particular model of how nations can build capacity and deliver results, even when the political architecture remains a work in progress.

 

The views expressed in this article are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the publication, its affiliates, or any other organizations mentioned.

Uzbekistan Sends 183 Tons of Aid to Afghanistan for Eid al-Adha

Uzbekistan has delivered 183 tons of humanitarian aid to Afghanistan in honor of Eid al-Adha, reaffirming its commitment to supporting its southern neighbor.

According to the administration of Termez city in Uzbekistan’s Surkhandarya region, the aid was transported to Afghanistan’s Balkh province. The shipment included essential food items such as flour, rice, sugar, pasta, vegetable oil, red beans, mung beans, instant meals, and sweets.

This assistance was dispatched on the instruction of President Shavkat Mirziyoyev and has been described as a gesture of solidarity and compassion from the Uzbek people during the religious holiday.

The aid was officially handed over in the border city of Hairatan, at the site of the Astras company. The handover ceremony was attended by Uzbekistan’s Special Representative for Afghanistan, Ismatulla Irgashev; Surkhandarya regional governor Ulugʻbek Qosimov; deputy governor of Balkh province, Nurulhodi Abuidris; and other officials from both countries.

Afghan representatives expressed their gratitude to President Mirziyoyev and the Uzbek people for their continued humanitarian support and extended warm Eid greetings in return.

In a similar gesture earlier this year, Uzbekistan sent approximately 200 tons of aid to Afghanistan for the Navruz and Eid al-Fitr holidays, consisting of similar food supplies.

The Kyrgyz AI Startup Making U.S. Immigration Simpler

These days, public debate is dominated by the issues of immigration and AI. But until the emergence of the new startup Alma, they had existed as entirely separate discussions. Alma’s co-founder Aizada Marat, raised in Kyrgyzstan, has been one of the first to ask: can AI be used to simplify immigration?

Marat first came to the U.S. as a FLEX (Future Leaders Exchange) student when she was 17, before graduating from Harvard Law School in 2015. It was then that her own immigration problems began. Due to visa issues, Marat had to move to London, before coming back to America three years later.

“Since relocating to the Bay Area in 2018 [for family reasons] the seed of becoming a founder was planted in my head.” Marat has said on her social media. “When I moved back to the U.S., that’s when the immigration nightmare began. As I would with any other service provider, I used Google to find lawyers who could help me with my immigration process. I found a firm. I hired them. I was given the wrong advice. That advice led me to almost miss out on a job offer that, thankfully, I later secured. I also couldn’t travel and see my family during that time. With that frustration in mind, I realized I had to start a company to solve the problem professionals were facing.”

Image: Aizada Marat/Alma

Before Marat could become an entrepreneur, she needed to learn more about business. This is how she ended up at McKinsey, one of the leading global consulting firms. Soon after, Alma was born.

Alma is a legal-tech startup, which uses AI to simplify the immigration process. The company was founded in October 2023 by Marat and Assel Tuleubayeva, a former product manager at Step. A month later the startup secured $500,000 of investments from Village Global, John Hale, and other angel investors. In March 2024 Marat and Tuleubayeva found Shuo Chen, who was previously a manager with Uber. In July 2024 Alma raised $5.1 million in combined seed and pre-seed rounds from leading venture capital funds..Last month it was selected for Google Cloud’s AI Accelerator.

Alma was founded as a company offering solutions for law firms, but in 2024 it took the decision to help professionals directly, without any intermediaries. Marat, Tuleubayeva and Chen are immigrants themselves, who combined have had to apply for around 15 separate visas to allow them to work in the U.S. This month Alma reached over 300 clients, including both B2C and B2B.

“I’m an immigrant who went through the immigration maze myself, so this is deeply personal”, Marat tells The Times of Central Asia. “With my legal and business background, starting Alma made perfect sense. Immigrants drive the U.S. economy, and to stay competitive in the AI race, we need to help the best talent achieve their American dream.”

She adds: “Alma disrupts the immigration in the US and forever streamlines it for the better. Small and big companies use Alma because they care for employee experience, speed and excellence. Individuals use it because it’s best in class for all talent visas. We are on a mission to make immigration better, forever.”

Bright Objects in the Sky? Nothing to Worry About, Kazakhstan Says

Witnesses in Kazakhstan reported seeing bright objects streaking through the sky late Thursday, prompting defense officials to say that there have been no reported violations of the country’s airspace and that there is no threat to the population.

“This phenomenon resembles the debris of spacecraft entering the atmosphere or a meteor shower. Such objects usually burn up in the dense layers of the atmosphere and do not reach the ground,” the Kazakh Ministry of Defense said in a statement.

“We ask citizens to remain calm and not spread unconfirmed information. The competent authorities are investigating this phenomenon and will provide an official explanation if necessary,” the ministry said.

Videos posted on social media platforms showed clusters of what appeared to be fiery objects over parts of central and northern Kazakhstan, including the capital Astana.

Uzbekistan Qualify for the FIFA World Cup

On June 5, history was made in Uzbekistan as the national football team qualified for the 2026 FIFA World Cup. A nervy 0-0 draw against the United Arab Emirates in Abu Dhabi was enough to secure them a place at next year’s tournament in North America.

It marks the first time that the 34-year-old nation will appear in the final stages of the competition. They become only the third nation from the former USSR, after Russia and Ukraine, and the first from Central Asia, to do so.

A Night of Nerves

The final hurdle was not an easy one. The Uzbeks faced an intimidating atmosphere even before kick-off, with long airport screening processes meaning over 100 fans were detained for between 7-9 hours at Sharjah airport.

Then there was the weather, even at 8pm, the Al Nahyan Stadium in Abu Dhabi sweltered in 31-degree heat.

Nevertheless, the team was helped by an Uzbek away support that did not cease all match. The away section was full well before kick-off, and the chants of “Oz-Bek-Is-Ton!”, accompanied by the pounding of drums, could be heard around the stadium.

The Uzbeks, with just one loss in their nine-match qualifying campaign, have built their play around a solid defense. In six out of their nine qualifying matches, they did not concede a goal.

The team’s star player, Manchester City’s Abdukodir Khusanov, has been the lynchpin of that formidable rearguard, but this is not a side of individuals. The whole team worked tenaciously for each other, and even when their protection was breached, the impressive Uktir Yusupov was on hand to make a few smart saves.

Towards the end, the Uzbek fans and coaching staff were screaming at the referee to blow the final whistle after he added ten minutes of additional time. But when time was finally up, well-earned and long-awaited joy was plain to see on every face. Several players broke out sobbing.

Celebrations

The elation was shared not only by the players. The Uzbek media present in the stadium were seen jumping around the press box in delirium.

Back home in Uzbekistan, where half the country had stayed up to watch the match, there was similar joy.

“The feeling is indescribable. We’ve been waiting for this day for thirty-four years!” said Diyor Mirpolatov, a 19-year-old student from Tashkent told The Times of Central Asia.

Xojiakbar Xamdamov, a graphic designer from Andijan, also could not hide his relief at finally making the tournament. “The failure had even become part of Uzbek pop culture,” he said. “It gets mentioned by standup comedians, in movies, on talk shows… now I think everything will change.”

Mirpolotov says that he plans to go to the United States for the tournament: “I’m also going to apply as a volunteer for the World Cup, so I can get more access to matches.”

His dream is to see his country play against Portugal. “It would be amazing for Cristiano Ronaldo to play against Uzbekistan,” he said.

Xamadov is more circumspect. “Uzbekistan is one of those countries from whom it will be difficult to obtain a U.S. visa. Moreover, it will cost way too much for the average Uzbek to visit a tournament in the U.S.,” he said.

The time difference with North America will make watching games difficult, but fans are prepared to stay up until whatever time to watch their team.

“Everyone will be watching the games,” said Xamadov firmly.

The Long Road to Success

No-one is mentioning that the tournament has become much easier to qualify for now that it has been expanded from 32 to 48 teams.

The country’s president, Shavkat Mirziyoyev, was quick to lavish praise on the side after the match. “Without a doubt, such a brilliant result, which will be written in golden letters in the annals of our national sport, has been the dream of millions of football fans in our country, of our entire people, for many years,” he said.

Indeed, successive governments do deserve credit for improving the country’s sporting infrastructure. This is perhaps best symbolized by the 34,000-seater, $270 million, Milliy Stadium in Tashkent, which opened in 2012. However, far more impactful has been the investment in youth and grassroots football.

In the past, it was believed that Uzbek football could be improved from the top down. This involved the importing of superstars – Brazilian legends Zico and Rivaldo were lured to Tashkent on huge salaries to respectively coach and play for one of the capital’s largest clubs, Bunyodkor. Neither had much impact, and they soon returned home.

Now, however, the coaching of young players is more professional. Astroturf technology has also helped, meaning children can grow up playing at a higher level on smooth surfaces rather than on grass or dirt pitches in a notoriously hot and dry country.

The fruits of this have seen more players gain experience in the top leagues in Europe. Eldor Shomurodov, who plays for Italian side A.S. Roma, was for so long the country’s talisman, but now he has been joined by the likes of Khusanov and the younger generation.

Perhaps this is just the start; playing at the World Cup is certainly likely to inspire even more young Uzbeks to take up the sport. For now, the country can just savor the moment. The qualification took place on the night of Eid al-Adha, a key festival in the Islamic calendar, so public celebrations in Tashkent were muted.

Still, they have next year to make plenty of noise. As their fans have been waiting to say for so long: Salom, Mundial!