Business & Economy - The Times Of Central Asia

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Uzbekistan to Increase Production and Export of Agricultural Produce

At a government meeting chaired by President Shavkat Mirziyoyev on March 18th, it was reported that in 2023, Uzbekistan produced 23 million tons of fruit and vegetables, but exports reaped just $2 billion, far short of the anticipated $5 billion. Over the past year, over ten new markets have opened for Uzbek agricultural exports, including Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Colombia, and Indonesia, raising the number of countries importing agricultural products from Uzbekistan to 85. There are however, shortfalls in the sector. The potential of one million hectares of land previously used for grain and earmarked for the cultivation of fruit and vegetables is yet to be exploited. The same applies to 508,000 hectares of household plots plus a further 260,000 hectares of land lying barren. At the meeting, the head of state expressed his readiness to consider any steps necessary for increasing agricultural and food exports in the coming year: “Controlling inflation and ensuring currency stability are directly related to exports. If we do not expand the conditions for export along with an increase in production, the result will not meet expectations.” To that end, the head of state supported the proposal to boost agricultural exports by opening Uzbekistan’s trading houses in major port cities such as Nagoya, Mersin, Rotterdam, Qingdao, Klaipeda, and Doha. One of the most vital issues is the certification of Uzbek agricultural produce for export. Following the launch of the first private laboratory with international accreditation at the Agricultural Services Centre in Yukorichirchik, $8 million will be invested in similar modern laboratories in Zangiata, Fergana, and Samarkand this year. A reference laboratory will also be opened in Tashkent to ensure that private laboratories comply with international standards.

Central Asia Kazakhstan Local Politics Business & Economy Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan Bans LPG Export and Wheat Import

To prevent shortages in the domestic market, the government of Kazakhstan has extended the ban on export of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) for six months. The ban on import of wheat by road, rail, and water has also been extended for another six months in a move to prevent ‘gray schemes’ for the import of wheat into Kazakhstan from Russia and its further re-export. The sole exceptions are rail deliveries to Kazakh flour mills and to poultry enterprises for fodder. In both cases, imported wheat can neither be sold on the domestic market nor re-exported. The Kazakh government has also announced a five-year extension of anti-dumping measures against manufacturers of bearings from China and electrodes from India to protect its country’s manufacture of similar goods.

Central Asia Kazakhstan Business & Economy Kazakhstan Business & Economy

EBRD Supports Expansion of Kazakhstan’s Salt Production

The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) has provided a convertible loan of up to KZT 5.5 billion (€11 million) to Araltuz, a leading Kazakhstan-based producer of table and low-grade industrial salt in Central Asia. The funds will be lodged with Salt Industry Ltd., a joint-stock company operating under the jurisdiction of the Astana International Financial Centre and a holding company of Araltuz. The loan will enhance the company’s investment program and support construction of new manufacturing facilities for Kazakhstan’s production of vacuum salt, also known as evaporated or culinary salt. It will also help Araltuz diversify and expand exportation to Europe, the Middle East and China, and implement a corporate governance action plan. With more than €10.1 billion invested in the country to date through 320 projects, Kazakhstan is the EBRD’s largest and longest-running banking operation in Central Asia.

Central Asia Kazakhstan Business & Economy Kazakhstan International Affairs Kazakhstan Business & Economy

Potential Impact of EU Carbon Tax on Kazakhstan’s Industries

From 2026, transboundary carbon regulations will be imposed on European Union countries. The introduction of a new EU carbon tax will also affect export of products from Kazakhstan . After the transition period, which began on January 1st 2024 and will run until the end of 2026, payment will be increased on emissions. Following discussions at a seminar for Kazakhstan’s industrial exporters on March 15th, the Kazakh Ministry of Trade and Integration reported that the new legislation will affect six industrial sectors including the production of ferrous metals and aluminum, cement, fertilizers, hydrogen, and electricity. Nurlan Kulbatyrov, Deputy Director General of QazTrade JSC stated that since Kazakhstan has an Enhanced Partnership and Cooperation Agreement with the EU, the country will be impacted by both the EU Green Deal and carbon border adjustment tax. To prepare for the changes, he reported that since last year, QazTrade, in collaboration with the Ministry of Trade and Integration, has been conducting awareness-raising activities on carbon taxation for export-oriented companies. An expert from the European Commission explained that cross-border regulation will mainly affect sectors associated with iron, steel and aluminum, which accounted for between 0.8 - 0.9% of Kazakhstan's total exports to the EU in 2022. EU countries currently account for 39% of Kazakhstan's exports, including oil, petroleum products, ferroalloys, coal, uranium and wheat. In 2023, Kazakhstan exported goods valued at $41.4 billion to the EU, including $388 million worth of carbon-intensive products. In the first phase, industrial enterprises will be required to submit quarterly reports to the European Commission comprising data on export volumes, greenhouse gas emissions connected to production and quotas used. After 2025, carbon regulation will come into force, and free quotas gradually levelled out. Charges will initially target direct emissions, but could later be extended to other sectors with risks of carbon leakage, such as oil refineries and chemical plants. Ainur Amirbekova, Director of the International Integration Department of QazTrade JSC, added that the introduction of a carbon tax by EU countries will inevitably affect the cost of Kazakhstan’s exports, and thus heighten competition. Since rising prices could potentially close markets for particular goods, Kazakh enterprises have been forewarned to address both decarbonization and the transition to alternative technologies as soon as possible.

Central Asia Uzbekistan Business & Economy Kazakhstan Uzbekistan Business & Economy Kazakhstan Business & Economy

Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan Set to Increase Trade

On March 15th, Kazakh Prime Minister Olzhas Bektenov and Uzbek President Shavkat Mirziyoyev and Prime Minister Abdulla Aripov met in Uzbekistan to discuss the expansion of Uzbek-Kazakh cooperation to increase the volume of mutual trade. The key sectors in the strategic partnership include industry, transport, and logistics and last year, trade turnover between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan amounted to $4.5 billion. Negotiations with the Prime Minister of Uzbekistan Abdulla Aripov focused on measures to increase trade, investment, water, energy, transit, transport, and cultural cooperation, as well as strengthening interaction in the field of agriculture. The Kazakh prime minister placed emphasis on the need to increase the region's potential regarding transit and transport as well as the use of water. He also announced Kazakhstan’s readiness to expand export to Uzbekistan through the addition of 255 commodities in the amount of almost $500 million. Both parties noted significant progress in the industrial sector which has led to the implementation of 60 projects worth $2.6 billion and the creation of over 13,000 jobs.

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Optimism Meets Reality at the B5+1 Forum in Almaty

The inaugural B5+1 Forum, a conference dedicated to strengthening business between the five Central Asian republics and the United States, came to a close today in Almaty after a second well received day of panel discussions. The B5+1 Forum was created by the Center for International Private Enterprise (CIPE), which aims to use public-private partnerships to create a better environment for business and trade. The B5+1 platform brings international and local companies together with high-ranking government officials from all six countries, to learn about the difficulties that each side faces, and suggest new ways to attract partners and investment. Following an opening day focused on “Looking within Central Asia”, today’s speakers brought attention to “Central Asia’s place in the world economy”. The morning began with a keynote speech by Eurasian affairs expert S. Frederick Starr, who argued that because the five countries are now members of different trade blocs, the revival of the Central Asian Economic Union could break down their existing barriers to business and trade with the United States. During a morning session on international partnerships, foreign experts brainstormed ways to speed up the Central Asia region’s economic integration with the rest of the world. To an audience of business leaders whose overall mood was optimistic, the EU’s ambassador to Kazakhstan Kestutis Jankauskas and World Bank economist David Knight brought a dose of realism, by explaining that business in Central Asia is not performing as well as in other emerging regions. This, they both said, is because the governments – and business owners – have mostly still not let go of self-defeating ways of approaching markets and investment. The middle session went into more detail about the investment landscape, particularly in terms of IT and fintech. Jennifer Miel, executive director for Kazakhstan for the US Chamber of Commerce, mentioned that all five Central Asian countries have seen healthy increases in foreign direct investment since 2021. This was soon tempered by Anatoly Motkin of the agency StrategEast, who said that to achieve further sustainable growth, the region must unify its legislation and best practices, so that foreign investors can treat it as a single market as much as possible. The Forum’s closing session explored the role of business associations in public-private dialogue. The panel was moderated by Eric Hontz, CIPE’s director for accountable investments, and featured the executive directors of the US Chambers of Commerce in Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan – Aisuluu Sydygalieva, Nilufar Bulbulshoeva and Tatyana Bystrushkina. Discussion centered on best practices and solutions for effective member representation. The B5+1 Forum forms part of CIPE’s program called “Improving the Business Environment in Central Asia” (IBECA). CIPE themselves are affiliated to the US Chamber of Commerce – the catalyst behind the B7 and B20 platforms – and receive funding from the US Department of State. Early indications are that the B5+1 Forum in 2025 will be held in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.