Kazakhstan International Affairs - The Times Of Central Asia

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Kazakhstan Leads Central Asia in Anti-Money Laundering Efforts

The Basel Anti-Money Laundering Index (AML) has been released. It offers a comprehensive assessment of global efforts to combat money laundering. The index evaluates the risk of money laundering and financial crime across countries and regions, using 17 indicators across five domains to identify key factors that can heighten vulnerability. The indicators are updated annually and reviewed by an independent panel of experts to ensure relevance, methodology integrity, and access to current data. The Index does not measure the actual volume of money laundering activity. Instead, it focuses on the risk factors, scoring countries on a scale from 0 to 10 where 10 represents the highest risk and 0 the lowest. The Times of Central Asia examined this year’s ratings, focusing on the performance of Central Asian nations: Kazakhstan achieved a notable ranking of 111th out of 164 countries, with a score of 4.65. Uzbekistan followed, ranking 81st with a score of 5.27, while Kyrgyzstan placed 45th with 5.95 points. Tajikistan ranked 30th, scoring 6.45, and Turkmenistan recorded the region’s worst result, ranking 23rd with 6.71 points. Globally, the best results were observed in San Marino (2.96), Iceland (3.00), and Finland (3.07).

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Questions Mount After Azeri Plane Crash with Focus on Russian Air Defenses

On December 25, an Azerbaijani Embraer 190 aircraft operating a Baku-Grozny flight made a hard emergency landing near the city of Aktau, Kazakhstan. The aircraft, carrying five crew members and 62 passengers, suffered devastating consequences. Both pilots were killed, along with 36 passengers. Additionally, 29 people, including three children, were hospitalized. The aircraft disintegrated on impact, and a fire engulfed its midsection. Initial reports suggested a bird strike, but alternative theories have since emerged. Kazakhstan’s Ministry of Emergency Situations detailed the timeline: at 11:02 Astana time, the crew issued a distress signal while flying over the Caspian Sea. By 11:37, the plane made a hard landing in the steppe near Aktau. Before official rescue teams arrived, employees of a local energy company working nearby provided critical first aid and captured the first videos of the crash. They managed to pull 15 passengers from the wreckage of the tail section. Specialized rescue teams and medics, stationed at Aktau airport in anticipation of the emergency landing, arrived promptly thereafter. According to Nurdaulet Kilybay, Akim of Mangystau Region, "22 ambulance teams and six units from the Center for Disaster Medicine worked at the crash site." The regional multidisciplinary hospital had prepared “30 surgical and trauma beds, along with 10 intensive care beds” for victims. Speculations and Investigations Journalists questioned Bozumbayev during the briefing about theories which are currently circulating, including those suggesting air defense involvement. The official avoided drawing conclusions, stating: "It is impossible to establish even a preliminary cause because there are specialists for this. They will carry out work. Then it will be clear. I can't speak now. I watched what people are posting... While [the plane] fell to the ground, and turned over, a lot of things could have happened. So, I am far from reaching conclusions." Speculation on Russian Telegram channels has posited that perforations in the aircraft’s tail section resemble shelling damage. One theory links the crash to Ukrainian drone (UAV) raids over Grozny, suggesting that air defense systems mistakenly targeted the plane. The Telegram channel VChK-OGPU claimed that "Initially, the aircraft appears to have fallen victim to UAV jammers that were operating at the time because of a drone attack. As soon as the airliner started to descend for landing, its GPS stopped working and the dispatcher lost 'radar contact.' The pilot could not land the plane in such conditions and decided to fly to Baku. When he began to turn around to do so, there was an explosion nearby — all indications are that the plane was hit by air defense equipment." The report further alleges that the strike occurred over Chechnya’s Naursky District, home to military units equipped with air defense systems. Kazakh officials stressed the need for patience, as forensic and aviation experts work to analyze the wreckage and flight data, with Bozumbayev emphasizing that “An interdepartmental investigative and operational group has been set up. Both forensic experts and experts from our Aviation Administration, who investigate such air incidents, came with me. As part...

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What Happened Over Russia? Probe Into Fatal AZAL Crash in Kazakhstan Begins

Investigators into the crash of an Azerbaijan Airlines plane in Kazakhstan that killed 38 people are trying to determine what caused the aircraft to divert from its planned landing in Grozny, the capital of Russia-controlled Chechnya. The Embraer 190 passenger plane, which was carrying 62 passengers and five crewmembers, crashed on Wednesday three kilometers from the airport at Aktau, a city on the Caspian Sea in southwestern Kazakhstan. The plane had been heading from the Azerbaijani capital of Baku to Grozny, but eventually declared an emergency and headed to Aktau, about 440 kilometers to the east and across the Caspian, for reasons that have yet to be clarified. “Even a preliminary cause cannot be established because there are specialists for that. They will carry out their work. Only after that it will be clear. I can't say anything at this point,” said Kazakh Deputy Prime Minister Kanat Bozumbayev, according to the state Kazinform news agency. “I saw what people posted... While it was falling to the ground, it was flipping over, many things could have happened. Therefore, I am far from making any conclusions.” Russia’s state-run news agency Tass initially reported that fog in Grozny caused Flight J28243 to divert to Makhachkala, the capital of the Russian territory of Dagestan, and then to Aktau. RIA Novosti, another Russian state-owned media outlet, cited Russian aviation authorities as saying the plane diverted because of a collision with birds. However, some aviation and military analysts have paid particular attention to a video showing numerous small holes on part of the fuselage wreckage, and there is speculation that air defense systems may have fired on the plane; Chechen officials have reported shooting down drones from Ukraine, which is at war with Russia. Bozumbayev, the Kazakh minister, was asked about the possibility that the aircraft was fired on, and said that final results of the investigation will be announced after all evidence is examined, reported the Azeri Press Agency, or APA. The prosecutor general’s office in Kazakhstan has opened a criminal case and the country’s chief transport prosecutor visited the scene as a member of a government commission. Kazakh media reported that the flight recorder had been found. Video and images released by Kazakhstan’s Ministry of Emergency Situations showed rescue teams converging in vehicles and on foot on the flaming plane wreckage in a flat expanse of land near Aktau. One vehicle trained a water hose on the flames. Debris from the plane was scattered in the area. Emergency responders were able to pull survivors from the crumpled, partly intact fuselage. Some video appearing on social media showed a survivor limping out of the wreckage while another passenger who had been rescued was unable to walk because of apparent leg injuries. Another unverified video also shows a passenger purportedly praying on the plane in the minutes before the crash. News of the crash came as Russian President Vladimir Putin hosted a meeting in St. Petersburg for leaders of the Commonwealth of Independent States, a regional...

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Dozens Survive Azerbaijan Airlines Plane Crash in Kazakhstan

A passenger plane from Azerbaijan Airlines has crashed near Aktau, Kazakhstan, while en route from Baku to Grozny in Chechnya. Authorities and locals were left shaken but relieved as more than 30 people survived the incident. The aircraft was carrying 62 passengers and five crew members. The accident occurred during an emergency landing attempt after the plane experienced difficulties mid-flight. Initial investigations point to potential mechanical failure as the cause. Emergency response teams were quickly dispatched to the scene, providing medical aid to the injured. Survivors suffered injuries ranging from minor cuts to more serious trauma, with ongoing efforts to transfer them to nearby hospitals for further treatment. Eyewitnesses described the crash site as alarming, with significant damage to the plane’s fuselage and debris strewn across the area. “It’s incredible that so many made it out alive,” shared a local who assisted in the rescue efforts. Kazakhstan’s Ministry of Emergency Situations praised the actions of first responders for minimizing casualties. Rescue and recovery operations continue, with the crash site cordoned off to aid the investigation. Azerbaijan Airlines, meanwhile, has activated its crisis management plan, collaborating with Kazakh authorities to assist passengers and their families. “We are deeply relieved that lives were spared, and we fully support ongoing inquiries into this tragedy,” said a spokesperson for the airline. The Civil Aviation Committee in Kazakhstan announced plans for a detailed investigation, beginning with the retrieval and analysis of the plane’s black box. Azerbaijan Airlines has also temporarily grounded similar aircraft as a precautionary measure. The accident has led to renewed attention on air safety protocols in the region, underscoring the critical need for stringent maintenance and monitoring. At the same time, the survival of so many passengers has been regarded as extraordinary, with their accounts serving as a reminder of resilience and the importance of emergency readiness. [caption id="attachment_26965" align="aligncenter" width="465"] Image: VK Tula News Feed[/caption] Online footage from the Azerbaijani airline AZAL crash site reveals damage to the fuselage which certain reports have stated appears consistent with the impact patterns of air defense missile shrapnel. The veracity of these reports have yet to be verified. The authorities are expected to provide further updates on the investigation and the conditions of the injured in the coming days.

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Opinion: What Will a New Trump Presidency Mean for Central Asia?

During his presidency, Donald Trump introduced a foreign policy approach that recalibrated U.S. engagement with Central Asia, a region strategically critical yet overshadowed by the influence of China and Russia. Trump’s policies, targeting the collective challenge of CRINK (China, Russia, Iran, and North Korea), aimed to foster regional autonomy and counter external dependency. This policy shift, aimed at countering the global influence of CRINK has extended to the vital region of Central Asia. Further, it is geographically wedged between Russia and China and serves as a critical bridge for U.S. interests. The CRINK nations, in their regional strategies, have made substantial inroads in Central Asia. Additionally, each nation is pursuing influence through economic, political, or military avenues. China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and Russia’s Eurasian Economic Union, for instance, have been noted as major forces reshaping Central Asian economies as well as infrastructure. In 2013, the BRI of China was launched, which has channeled billions into roads, railways, and other infrastructure projects in Central Asia, seeking to create new trade routes connecting Asia to Europe. On the other side, Russia has promoted its Eurasian Economic Union as a trading bloc that has aimed at fostering economic integration among Central Asia and neighboring countries. These initiatives have provided economic incentives for Central Asia but also intensified its reliance on external powers, particularly China and Russia. During his presidency, Trump emphasized a CRINK-focused strategy, which prioritized Central Asia's sovereignty and reduced dependency on China and Russia. This strategy laid the groundwork for U.S. engagement in the region, influencing current policy directions. In 2020, Trump’s administration unveiled a comprehensive strategy for Central Asia, marking the first such effort in over two decades. The policy emphasized U.S. support for border security and defense collaboration, including financial aid to Tajikistan and military training for Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan. These measures, though initiated under Trump, continue to shape current U.S. approaches to combating terrorism and fostering regional stability. For example, the U.S. has established the C5+1 initiative as a dialogue platform between the United States and the five Central Asian nations (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, and Tajikistan). It was developed further to promote mutual goals in regional security, economic development, and environmental resilience. Security cooperation is a vital aspect of this U.S. strategy which has given the threats of terrorism and also potential instability at CRINK’s peripheries (Sciutto, 2024). In particular, Afghanistan’s proximity to Central Asia poses both risks as well as opportunities for these nations. The U.S. has provided financial support to Tajikistan to strengthen border security and counter drug trafficking. Furthermore, while also assisting Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan with training and equipment to improve their defense capabilities the US has financially supported the nation. This military cooperation has aimed to prevent the encroachment of extremist groups like ISIS, which could exploit regional instability and threaten U.S. interests. Trump’s presidency emphasized private sector investments as an alternative to China’s Belt and Road Initiative. Although modest compared to China’s commitments, these investments reflected an effort to position...

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Kazakhstan to Become a BRICS Partner on January 1, 2025

Kazakhstan will officially join BRICS as a partner state on January 1, 2025, according to Yuri Ushakov, an assistant to Russian President Vladimir Putin. Ushakov stated that Russia has received confirmation from several countries expressing readiness to become BRICS partners. “One of the important results of the BRICS summit in Kazan was the establishment of the category of BRICS partner countries and agreement on a list of 13 states. Appropriate invitations were sent to these states. Confirmations of readiness to become a BRICS partner state have been received from Belarus, Bolivia, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Cuba, Malaysia, Thailand, Uganda, and Uzbekistan,” Ushakov announced. Kazakhstan’s Position on BRICS Partnership Kazakhstan’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs has confirmed the country’s status as a BRICS partner state, effective from January 1, 2025. However, the press secretary to Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, Berik Uali, previously stated that the country does not plan to seek full BRICS membership in the foreseeable future. Uali cited the multi-stage application process and considerations regarding the association's development prospects as reasons for this decision. BRICS, comprising Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa, aims to promote economic, political, and cultural cooperation among member states. As a partner, Kazakhstan will engage with BRICS without taking on the obligations or privileges of full membership. This development marks a significant step in Kazakhstan’s international engagement strategy while reflecting its cautious approach to deeper involvement in the bloc.