Uzbekistan Local Politics - The Times Of Central Asia

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Uzbekistan Enacts Law on “Undesirable” Foreigners

On November 15 a new law regulating foreign citizens deemed "undesirable" came into effect in Uzbekistan. The government claims that the strict measures, previously reported on by The Times of Central Asia in June, are aimed at safeguarding the country’s "sovereignty, security, and unity". The legislative process began on June 25 when Uzbekistan’s Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis (parliament) approved amendments to the law on the legal status of foreign citizens and stateless persons. These amendments introduced the concept of “undesirable elements” among foreign nationals. The Senate subsequently approved the legislation on September 21, paving the way for its implementation. Under the new law, foreign citizens and stateless persons can be classified as undesirable if they can be said to: • Threaten Uzbekistan’s sovereignty, security, or unity; • Incite enmity or hostility; or • Disrespect the honor, dignity, or history of the Uzbek people. Those designated as undesirable face a five-year ban on entering Uzbekistan, opening bank accounts, purchasing property, participating in privatizations, or engaging in financial and contractual transactions. They are, however, permitted to sell or transfer any property they own within the country. If the grounds for being deemed undesirable are not addressed during the five-year ban, the restriction is automatically extended for another five years. Conversely, individuals may apply for early removal from the list if they resolve the identified issues or if the government recommends their delisting. Individuals deemed undesirable must leave Uzbekistan voluntarily within 10 days of receiving notification. Failure to comply will result in forcible deportation.

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Uzbekistan’s Public Debt Projected to Reach $45.1 Billion by 2025

According to the “Budget for Citizens” publication issued by Uzbekistan’s Ministry of Economy and Finance, Uzbekistan’s public debt is projected to reach $45.1 billion by the end of 2025. Updated estimates indicate that state debt will amount to $39.7 billion by the end of this year, rising to $45.1 billion, equivalent to 36.7% of GDP, in 2025. The publication’s primary focus is forecasting revenues, expenditure, and deficits in the state budget for 2025. State budget revenues are projected at 308,547 billion UZS ($24.19 billion), with the economy expected to grow by 6% in 2025, increasing to 6.1% in 2026 and 6.3% in 2027. State budget expenditure for 2025 is planned at 344,576 billion UZS ($27.02 billion), with 52% being allocated to social spending. The report provides detailed information on budget allocations by ministries and departments, their alignment with national sustainable development goals, and their impact on climate change. It also outlines how funds will be classified under development programs, ensuring transparency and adherence to Uzbekistan’s broader policy objectives.

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Mirziyoyev Tells Uzbekistan’s Parliament That He Wants a Stronger Opposition

Uzbek President Shavkat Mirziyoyev said on Monday that the parliament should be more dynamic about solving society’s problems, and that the “opposition” should have more rights in the assembly. His comments were in line with the government’s reform push, but also reflected Mirziyoyev's tight political control over Uzbekistan, because none of the five registered political parties pose a meaningful challenge to him. Mirziyoyev made the announcements in a speech to the Oliy Majlis, Uzbekistan’s parliament, in its first session since October 27 legislative elections. The elections were meant to underline the country’s evolution toward political liberalization, even though OSCE election observers said there was a lack of political competition and the vote “did not offer voters a real choice.” Those elections introduced a mixed system in which half of 150 lawmakers were elected individually and half from party lists, the result of a constitutional change that is part of a broader government campaign to develop the Central Asian country in socio-economic, judicial and other areas. While Mirziyoyev promised more openness and accountability after taking power following the death of longtime leader Islam Karimov in 2016, opponents say the government is often heavyhanded in its response to dissent and efforts to form a genuine political opposition are kept in check. Mirziyoyev’s comment about giving more clout to the opposition came midway through a speech in which he reviewed the elections and urged parliamentarians to be more pro-active in “solving urgent problems” in Uzbekistan. He talked about legislative proposals to replace old residential buildings with modern ones, support private education and investors in energy, introduce mandatory health insurance and tackle themes related to artificial intelligence. “In order to boost the opposition, it was proposed to increase the number of guaranteed rights of the parliamentary opposition from 3 to 6, including giving it the positions of one committee chairman and two deputy committee chairmen, as well as additional rights to submit questions within the framework of the “government hour” and parliamentary inquiries,” Mirziyoyev’s office said in a statement. There are nuances between the government and some lawmakers on specific issues such as environmental policy or public pronouncements on Uzbekistan’s relationship with Russia, though the registered parties are essentially loyal to the president. In a constitutional referendum in 2023, voters approved measures that could let Mirziyoyev stay in power until 2040.

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Uzbekistan Shares Rehabilitation Model for Returnees at UN Event

On November 11, 2024, a high-level event titled “Effective Rehabilitation and Reintegration of Returnees from North-Eastern Syria – Uzbekistan’s Experience: From Global to Local” took place at the UN Headquarters in Geneva. The event highlighted Uzbekistan’s successful approach to rehabilitating and reintegrating individuals returning from conflict zones, particularly through the work of the Regional Expert Council, established in 2024 at the initiative of President Shavkat Mirziyoyev. Vladimir Voronkov, head of the UN Counter-Terrorism Office, commended Uzbekistan’s efforts. “UN member states urgently need to develop strategies for rehabilitation and reintegration based on the experience of Uzbekistan. The Tashkent model aims to ensure the rights and dignity of the individual, which is important in these processes,” Voronkov stated. Khalid Koser, Director of the Global Community Engagement and Resilience Fund, described Uzbekistan’s model as a roadmap for other nations. He emphasized that the approach has proven to be effective, humane, and respectful of human rights in returning citizens from conflict zones. A focal point of the conference was the Regional Expert Council on Rehabilitation and Reintegration, established under the UN Office of Counter-Terrorism. The Council, based in Tashkent, aims to bring together Central Asian experts to share their knowledge and develop programs to assist reintegrated individuals in rebuilding their lives. “I am convinced that the Council, established in Tashkent at the initiative of the President of Uzbekistan, will contribute to strengthening the exchange of best practices and lessons learned in this area,” said Natalia Gherman, Head of the UN Security Council Counter-Terrorism Committee Executive Directorate. The Times of Central Asia has previously reported that Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan are collectively improving support systems for women and children returning from conflict zones, such as Iraq and Syria.

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Saudi Arabia to Build Electricity Storage Systems in Uzbekistan

Saudi company ACWA Power has signed an agreement with Uzbekistan to construct electricity storage systems with a total capacity of 2,000 MWh. The agreement was formalized during the COP-29 climate conference in Baku, Azerbaijan. Under the agreement, ACWA Power will collaborate with Uzbekistan’s Ministry of Energy to develop energy storage systems across the country. The implementation will be based on a comprehensive analysis of the national grid’s condition. The project will begin with feasibility studies to determine the most suitable regions for phased deployment. The initiative is estimated to cost $1.1 billion and is expected to create over 1,000 jobs during its lifetime. Uzbekistan has ambitious plans to expand its energy storage capacity to 4.2 GW by 2030. The first energy storage system in the country is slated for launch in early 2025 in the Fergana region. Deputy Energy Minister Umid Mamadaminov recently noted that Uzbekistan needs to build 10 GW of backup capacity by 2030 to support the integration of renewable energy sources. He emphasized that the country’s minimum reserve should equal 50% of its solar and wind power capacity.

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ADB Launches ‘Glaciers to Farms’ Initiative to Combat Climate Change in Central Asia

The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has unveiled a new regional initiative, Glaciers to Farms, aimed at promoting sustainable water management and food security in Central Asia, the South Caucasus, and Pakistan. The program addresses the severe effects of accelerated glacial melt caused by climate change. Backed by the Green Climate Fund (GCF), ADB will conduct risk assessments of glacial melt in Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan to establish a scientific and technical foundation for the program. Regional Cooperation for Glacier Preservation On November 14 in Baku, Azerbaijan, a declaration of support for glacier preservation was signed by several regional leaders: Azerbaijan’s Minister of Ecology and Natural Resources Mukhtar Babayev, Kazakhstan’s Minister of Ecology and Natural Resources Yerlan Nyssanbayev, Kyrgyzstan’s Minister of Natural Resources, Ecology and Technical Supervision Meder Mashiev, Tajikistan’s Committee on Environmental Protection Chairman Bahodur Sheralizoda, and Uzbekistan’s Minister of Ecology, Environmental Protection, and Climate Change Aziz Abdukhakimov. They were joined by ADB President Masatsugu Asakawa and GCF Chief Investment Officer Henry Gonzalez. “As melting glaciers change water flows, disrupt lives, and destroy ecosystems, we must act now,” said Asakawa. “As Asia and the Pacific’s climate bank, we are pleased to be joined by key partners to launch this program to drive international collaboration and deliver results where they matter most—on the ground, in communities at risk.” The Urgent Need for Action Temperatures in the region are expected to rise by up to 6 degrees Celsius by 2100. The resulting loss of glacial mass poses a dire threat to ecosystems, jeopardizing water supplies for agriculture and hydropower and endangering the livelihoods of over 380 million people. The Glaciers to Farms program aims to mobilize up to $3.5 billion in funding from ADB, GCF, governments, development partners, and the private sector. Beyond investments in water and agriculture, the program will prioritize vulnerable communities in fragile mountain regions that are most threatened by glacial melt. Global and Regional Efforts The United Nations General Assembly has declared 2025 the International Year of Glacier Preservation, with Tajikistan set to host the International Conference on Glaciers’ Preservation in Dushanbe next year. At a high-level event in Baku on November 12, Tajikistan's President Emomali Rahmon underscored the importance of preventing further glacier melt and preserving fragile ecosystems. Rahmon highlighted the establishment of the International Trust Fund for the Preservation of Glaciers under the United Nations’ auspices and noted the UN’s recent adoption of a resolution—initiated by Tajikistan and France—declaring 2025-2034 the Decade of Action for Cryospheric Sciences. This resolution calls for enhanced efforts to safeguard glaciers globally. Rahmon also proposed creating a Regional Coordination Center for Glaciology in Dushanbe under the World Meteorological Organization’s guidance. The center would study the impact of climate change on glaciers in collaboration with development partners.